CN102808626A - Safe and green mining method of mineral resources - Google Patents
Safe and green mining method of mineral resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN102808626A CN102808626A CN2012103042810A CN201210304281A CN102808626A CN 102808626 A CN102808626 A CN 102808626A CN 2012103042810 A CN2012103042810 A CN 2012103042810A CN 201210304281 A CN201210304281 A CN 201210304281A CN 102808626 A CN102808626 A CN 102808626A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe and green mining method of mineral resources, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: respectively grinding coal ash, slag and coal gangue and preparing slurry, sieving with a sieving granularity of 24-300 meshes after preparing the slurry, carrying out magnetic separation on the slurry, selecting iron ores, carrying out flotation on the slurry subjected to magnetic separation, selecting valuable minerals to obtain tailings, injecting the tailings into a discarded closed hole, condensing to obtain pouring stones, supporting geology of a gob, and mining remaining ores at the periphery of the gob. The invention relates to a novel safe and green mining technology, so that resources are greenly developed and utilized, and are perfectly matched with ecological restoration, thus the whole mineral resource can be fully developed and utilized in a safe environment, green development, cyclic development and low-carbon development are boosted, and the whole filling process is economically cheap, reliable in technology, and excellent in environmental property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mineral resources safe green exploitation method, belong to the exploitation of mineral resources technical field.
Background technology
Because constant development of economy; Demand to mineral resources constantly increases; Especially constantly aggravate for the demand of coal and mineral metal products resource, the pressure of economic development causes mineral products to get into predatory unordered exploitation condition often, this deterioration further the environment in mining area; The serious waste that has caused mineral resources makes geological disaster take place frequently.Though China had put into effect a lot of relevant laws and regulations in recent years, the mineral products rate of extraction progressively improves, and very big gap is still arranged compared with developed countries.Just be example with coal, the overall rate of recovery of developed country's coal resources reaches 60% to 70%, and the rate of extraction of China on average has only about 20-30%, and some is local even be less than 10%.Exist " adopt one and lose one ", " adopt one and lose two ", " eating fertilizer loses thin " in large quantities, " having water to flow soon " only eaten " heart of a Chinese cabbage " phenomenon, causes the coal of annual waste to reach 1,000,000,000 tons more than.China cause the low reason of the rate of extraction except the ore deposit master in order to pursue the short-term economic interests, adopt and thickly abandon thinly, adopt and be prone to abandon difficulty; The illegal coyoting of some small-size coal mines; Beyond the imperfection of state's laws rules; Main cause still is that the backwardness of our house column type, the formula of drilling and blasting, dangerous production practice cause.Even the overall rate of recovery of developed country's coal resources exceeds about one times than China, but can not accomplish that the underground mineral resources exploitation utilizes maximization, equally also have potential safety hazard, also can cause geological disaster.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of mineral resources safe green exploitation method is provided.Residue after flyash, gangue, slag and the recycling of building waste degree of depth resource is recovered geologic structure intensity; To improve the safety factor in the mining process; Reach the coefficient of mining that improves mineral resources, make mineral resources exploited utilization fully, both can make over the hole, ore deposit discarded shines the radiance of life again; Can guarantee that also the mine of exploiting now fully develops underground mineral resources under the premise that security is guaranteed; Also can not produce new goaf and subsidence area simultaneously, significantly reduce the waste of mineral resources, stop geological disaster.Real production and the secure synchronization that realizes the mining area, mineral exploration and exploitation is with synchronously green.
Technical scheme of the present invention.Mineral resources safe green exploitation method comprises the steps:
A, flyash is joined slurry; Sieve after joining slurry, the granularity of sieving is the 24-300 order, again slurry is carried out magnetic separation; Select the iron ore in the flyash; Flyash slurry after the magnetic separation carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore and tin ore in the flyash, obtains the flyash tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
B, with the slag abrasive dust, join slurry, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the slag, obtain the slag tailings;
C, with the gangue abrasive dust, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, join slurry; Carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the gangue, then slurry is carried out flotation; Select bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and carbon in the gangue, obtain the gangue tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
D, mine worked-out section is carried out geological prospecting,, punched in the goaf according to geological condition; Tubing is converted water with flyash tailings 30-70 part, slag tailings 10-50 part, colliery powder tailings 10-20 part, lime 1-10 part, land plaster 1-10 part and blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part and is mixed well, and prepares slurry; Inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit through pipeline and hole; Solidify and obtain pouring into a mould stone, goaf geology is supported, the more surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.
Above-mentioned mineral resources safe green exploitation method; In the steps d; Said cast stone, the component meter is prepared from flyash tailings 40-60 part, slag tailings 22-40 part, colliery powder tailings 12-18 part, lime 2-6 part, land plaster 2-6 part, blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part by weight.
Above-mentioned mineral resources safe green exploitation method, said blowing agent are aluminium powder, bicarbonate inorganic salts, Tea Saponin or rosin soap.
Above-mentioned mineral resources safe green exploitation method, said blowing agent is an aluminium powder.
Above-mentioned mineral resources safe green exploitation method, said depression is with cast stone, the building waste residue that also adds 5-15 part.
Flyash, gangue, slag, building waste residue after the present invention reclaims degree of depth resource and the blowing agent that some are micro-mixes by a certain percentage, stirring pulping; Utilize pipeline progressively to pour into hole, ore deposit, goaf from the grouting mouth of accomplishing fluently in advance; After treating the slurry complete expansion, make the closely adhesion all around of itself and hole, ore deposit, particularly the top in hole, ore deposit and slit obtain adhesion well and tamp; After treating that it solidifies fully, the stability of geologic structure just can thoroughly be recovered.Underground mineral resources is fully developed again, radiated vigour again in the mining area of discarding, closing.Safe, the green mining novel technology that the present invention relates to; The green development and use of resource are put pearls and jade together with restoration of the ecosystem; When whole mineral resources are fully developed in the environment of a safety; Advance Green Development, cycle development, low carbon development, and whole tamp technology cheap, technical economically reliable, environmental-protecting performance is good.The most important thing is that the present invention can make the development and use of underground mineral resources reach maximization, the overall rate of recovery of mineral resources reaches 80% to 90%, brings great social benefit, economic interests and environmental benefit to society.
Cast stone mix proportion scheme of the present invention with each raw material powder process, convert after the form slurry, injects the hole, ore deposit, culvert condenses, and can slowly generate hydraulic cementing materials, and its main component is calcium silicates, aluminate and ferrous aluminate.For each components in proportions in the prescription, the applicant discovers that slag adds many more, and the cast stone intensity of condensing is big more, but slag is too much, can cause cast stone cracking.Through blowing agent, make cast stone to expand, the space that does not pour into cast stone is filled expires, simultaneously can polluted underground water layer and soil property.The cast stone of this flyash, slag and gangue comprehensive utilization can reduce former stone exploitation, and improve flyash, slag and gangue greatly utilize face and utilization rate, drive the recycling of flyash.Blowing agent in the present invention's prescription is selected concrete foamers such as aluminium powder and sodium acid carbonate for use; Aluminium powder preferably; The aluminium powder foaming process is stable, the convenient control of foamed time; The time that the foaming of cast stone is condensed is regulated and control through the proportioning of slag in the raw material and gypsum content usually at one month to 2 years.
Test through the applicant; After iron ore in flyash, slag and the gangue and other valuable mineral resources are selected; Stay the tailings that is the main body with silicon and calcium, be not only and reclaimed its valuable cost, also reduced the iron content in the cast stone; Can improve the intensity of cast stone, the effect of the intensity that is improved.
Through applicant's test, the result of the test such as the following table of the present invention's prescription:
The present invention is feasible economically: the backfill cost of material is cheap, can also the valuable resource in the raw material be reclaimed, and increases the volume of pouring into a mould stone through foam process, can further reduce the consumption of raw material.Raw material will be processed into powder when valuable components reclaims, raw material can further reduce cost of transportation through pipeline transport to cast backfill place.Can realize backfill with less cost to colliery and sub-terrain mines hole, mining and metallurgy area.Simultaneously, the geology after the backfill is stable, has avoided local resident's resettlement to settle, and can also utilize the soil again, has further improved land use value.
Technical reliable: the cast stone intensity after the curing is equivalent to 50-200 label cement concrete strengths; Foaming technique can make each contact surface of pit, tunnel and goaf combine closely; Particularly the top also can be tamped the crack, can thoroughly recover the stability of geologic structure.All raw material does not have water-soluble poisonous solable matter polluted underground water body, is the process in leaching with water-soluble poisonous and harmful substance because the flotation of valuable mineral matter is extracted simultaneously yet.In addition, in the foaming artificial cast stone a large amount of holes is arranged, have water permeability, can not change the underground water trend.
Environmental-protecting performance is good: hole, the ore deposit geology after the backfill is stable, can polluted underground water, can not change the underground water trend, and cause new geological problem.
In sum, the present invention is a kind of from ultimate processing scheme economic, the technical mineral-type industrial refuse that all can implement.
The specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1.Mineral resources safe green exploitation method comprises the steps:
A, flyash is joined slurry, sieve after joining slurry, the granularity of sieving is the 24-300 order; Again slurry is carried out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the flyash, the flyash slurry after the magnetic separation carries out flotation; Select bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and other valuable ore resources in the flyash; Concrete mineral matter confirms that according to the mineral products content of various places the flotation mode adopts existing flotation mode, obtains the flyash tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium; The flyash main component is silicon, aluminium, iron and other oligometallic oxide; Geological condition according to each place of production is different; Mineral matter contained in the flyash is also different; Through existing floatation process, can valuable mineral matter in the flyash be selected, include but not limited to zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore etc.
B, with the slag abrasive dust, join slurry, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the slag, obtain the slag tailings;
C, with the gangue abrasive dust, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, join slurry; Carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the gangue, then slurry is carried out flotation; Select bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and carbon in the gangue, obtain the gangue tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium; Gangue is interior except carbon; Main component is silicon, aluminium, iron and other oligometallic oxide; Geological condition according to each place of production is different, and mineral matter contained in the gangue is also different, through existing floatation process; Can valuable mineral matter in the gangue be selected, include but not limited to zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore etc.
D, mine worked-out section is carried out geological prospecting,, punched in the goaf according to geological condition; Tubing is converted water with flyash tailings 30-70 part, slag tailings 10-50 part, colliery powder tailings 10-20 part, lime 1-10 part, land plaster 1-10 part and blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part and is mixed well, and prepares slurry; Inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit through pipeline and hole; Solidify and obtain pouring into a mould stone, goaf geology is supported, the more surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.Said blowing agent is aluminium powder, bicarbonate inorganic salts, Tea Saponin or rosin soap.The bicarbonate inorganic salts comprise slaines such as sodium acid carbonate, saleratus, magnesium bicarbonate.
In cast stone raw material, the building waste residue that can also add 5-15 part is further recycled building debris.The building waste residue comprises inorganic building wastes such as remaining concrete behind the building demolition, brick, pottery, glass, and the building waste residue is worn into powder or granular, can join in the cast stone.
Embodiments of the invention 2.Mineral resources safe green exploitation method comprises the steps:
A, flyash is joined slurry; Sieve after joining slurry, the granularity of sieving is 200 orders, again slurry is carried out magnetic separation; Select the iron ore in the flyash; Flyash slurry after the magnetic separation carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and other valuable ore resources in the flyash, obtains the flyash tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
B, with the slag abrasive dust, join slurry, cross 200 mesh sieves, carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the slag, obtain the slag tailings;
C, with the gangue abrasive dust, cross 200 mesh sieves, join slurry, slurry carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and carbon and other valuable ore resources in the gangue, obtains the gangue tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
D, mine worked-out section is carried out geological prospecting,, punched in the goaf according to geological condition; Tubing is converted water and is mixed well by flyash tailings 40-60 part, slag tailings 22-40 part, colliery powder tailings 12-18 part, lime 2-6 part, land plaster 2-6 part, blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part, prepares slurry; Inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit through pipeline and hole; Solidify and obtain pouring into a mould stone, goaf geology is supported, the more surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.Said blowing agent is an aluminium powder, and the granularity of aluminum powder particle size and each raw material powder is suitable.
Embodiments of the invention 3.Mineral resources safe green exploitation method comprises the steps:
A, flyash is joined slurry; Sieve after joining slurry, the granularity of sieving is 200 orders, again slurry is carried out magnetic separation; Select the iron ore in the flyash; Flyash slurry after the magnetic separation carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and other valuable ore resources in the flyash, obtains the flyash tailings;
B, with the slag abrasive dust, join slurry, cross 200 mesh sieves, carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the slag, obtain the slag tailings;
C, with the gangue abrasive dust, cross 200 mesh sieves, join slurry, slurry carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and carbon and other valuable ore resources in the gangue, obtains the gangue tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
D, mine worked-out section is carried out geological prospecting,, punched in the goaf according to geological condition; Tubing is converted water for 0.0002 part and is mixed well by 50 parts of flyash tailings, 30 parts of slag tailings, 15 parts of colliery powder tailings, 4 parts in lime, 4 parts of land plasters, blowing agent, prepares slurry; Inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit through pipeline and hole; Solidify and obtain pouring into a mould stone, goaf geology is supported, the more surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.
Gained cast stone, its intensity can reach 150-180kg/cm
2, this intensity is better than general massif surface infrastructure intensity.
Embodiments of the invention 4.Mineral resources safe green exploitation method; Prepare flyash tailings, slag tailings and gangue tailings according to the foregoing description; Component meter by weight; Be prepared from for 0.0002 part 35 parts of flyash tailings, 23 parts of slag tailings, 18 parts of colliery powder tailings, 5 parts in lime, 5 parts of land plasters, 10 parts of building wastes, blowing agent, the granularity of each raw material powder is 240 orders, and blowing agent is an aluminium powder.After each raw material powder converted water and mix well, inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit, through condensing, the cast stone that obtains, intensity can reach 120-150kg/cm
2Through cast stone goaf geology is supported, and then the surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction; Anyly do not break away from technical scheme content of the present invention, to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a mineral resources safe green exploitation method is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, flyash is joined slurry; Sieve after joining slurry, the granularity of sieving is the 24-300 order, again slurry is carried out magnetic separation; Select the iron ore in the flyash; Flyash slurry after the magnetic separation carries out flotation, selects bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore and tin ore in the flyash, obtains the flyash tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
B, with the slag abrasive dust, join slurry, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the slag, obtain the slag tailings;
C, with the gangue abrasive dust, cross the 24-300 mesh sieve, join slurry; Carry out magnetic separation, select the iron ore in the gangue, then slurry is carried out flotation; Select bauxite, zinc ore, copper mine, molybdenum ore, tin ore and carbon in the gangue, obtain the gangue tailings that is the main body with silicon, calcium;
D, mine worked-out section is carried out geological prospecting,, punched in the goaf according to geological condition; Tubing is converted water with flyash tailings 30-70 part, slag tailings 10-50 part, colliery powder tailings 10-20 part, lime 1-10 part, land plaster 1-10 part and blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part and is mixed well, and prepares slurry; Inject in the discarded hole of closing, ore deposit through pipeline and hole; Solidify and obtain pouring into a mould stone, goaf geology is supported, the more surplus ore deposit around the goaf is exploited.
2. mineral resources safe green exploitation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the steps d; Said cast stone; The component meter is prepared from flyash tailings 40-60 part, slag tailings 22-40 part, colliery powder tailings 12-18 part, lime 2-6 part, land plaster 2-6 part, blowing agent 0.0001-0.0003 part by weight.
3. mineral resources safe green exploitation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said blowing agent is aluminium powder, bicarbonate inorganic salts, Tea Saponin or rosin soap.
4. mineral resources safe green exploitation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: said blowing agent is an aluminium powder.
5. mineral resources safe green exploitation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said cast stone, the building waste residue that also adds 5-15 part.
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| CN101172818A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2008-05-07 | 同济大学 | Nonferrous mine graphite scrap concrete for backfill and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN101306426A (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2008-11-19 | 北京世纪地和科技有限公司 | Method for extracting iron washed ore from fly ash or slag |
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