CN102804991A - Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment - Google Patents
Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102804991A CN102804991A CN2012102817431A CN201210281743A CN102804991A CN 102804991 A CN102804991 A CN 102804991A CN 2012102817431 A CN2012102817431 A CN 2012102817431A CN 201210281743 A CN201210281743 A CN 201210281743A CN 102804991 A CN102804991 A CN 102804991A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of a damaged ecological system under an extreme arid environment. The method uses a natural succession process of natural vegetation composition, community dynamics, modes of reproduction and desert vegetational types, quickens restoration of desert plants through a mode combining artificial ecological restoration and spontaneous recovery, simultaneously uses excited effects of a desert region water and salt migration rule and a flooding mode on a seed bank to improve breeding habitats of disappeared species of degeneration communities, thereby achieving a purpose of promoting the ecological restoration of the damaged ecological system under the extreme arid environment so as to improve efficiency of the ecological restoration in a dry desert region with the condition that a precipitation amount is less than 100mm, evaporation capacity is more than 2000mm and surface water is in serious lack, improves community diversity of the desert plants through plant provenance compensation and habitat improvement, improves stability of community structures, and improves self-maintenance capability of restored plant communities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the arid desert district and breed environment, quicken the method for ecological recovery, be specifically related to artificial provenance and replenish and habitat improvement method.
Background technology
Species diversity is the result of life long-term evolution on the earth, human especially material base of depending on for existence.Species diversity is to keep the necessary condition of ecosystem relative equilibrium, prevent erosion, regulate the climate, absorb decomposing pollutant, store nutritive element and promote nutrient circulation and keep aspect such as evolutionary process all with the species diversity indirect correlation.The diversity of species means the complex structure of the ecosystem, and networked degree is high, and heterogeneous strong, the channel of energy, material and information input and output is numerous and intensive, crisscross, unblocked, thereby flow is big, flow velocity is fast, productivity is high.Even indivedual approach are destroyed; System also can be because of counteracting each other between various species, compensate and substitute the normal operation that guarantees energy stream, material stream, information flow each other; Make the ruined part of system architecture obtain rapidly repairing, the original stable state of recovery system, or form new stable state; Therefore, the extinction of some species possibly cause the unbalance even collapse of whole system.Since the rapid growth of world today's population, the continuous aggravation of economical activities of mankind, and species diversity is being faced with serious day by day threat.The arid desert district is that the water and soil resources development activities of main body causes the ecosystem to be badly damaged owing to large-scale mankind's activity and with the water resources development; And then cause that ecosystem service function degeneration, species diversity reduce etc., this environmental problem of Tarim River basin highlights.Over nearly 50 years,, cause the cutout of 320km river course, downstream because the mankind are the hard intensity exploitation of core with the water resources development and utilization; The ecosystem that with the natural vegetation is main body is had a strong impact on; The lake is dry, groundwater table decreasing, and the perennial herb vegetation degeneration is dead, and the Chinese tamarisk shrubbery of survival decays; The forest land is sparse, and it is strong to desertify.Receive the influence of arid, the Lower Reaches of Tarim plant ecosystem has experienced that draft degeneration, shrub are degenerated, arbor degenerates, and forming with one of diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk or the two is the group of advantage, and vegetation structure is tending towards simply, homogeneous, and species diversity seriously lacks.
The water-carriage mode along natural river course " linear " is taked in the ecological water delivery of Lower Reaches of Tarim, is a save lives process, between elementary period; Though near the natural vegetation that subterranean water level, rescue the lifting river course are decayed has day by day played important function; But be difficult to realize the renewal of plants such as diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, the revegetation process is slow, and recovery is a line; Rather than face, the recovery scope is extremely limited.Though some large-scale shrub plants obtain rescue and rejuvenation, it is not obvious that herbaceous plant is improved, and structure of community is still single, tract especially, and woodland sand ground activation phenomenon is not curbed yet.In the vertical, to downstream, along with the increase of water delivery distance, ecological water delivery weakens the influence of underground water level from the upper reaches, and the revegetation situation is also relatively poor; In the horizontal, subterranean water level, and eases up with influencing intensity away from the water delivery river course in 850m to the response range of water delivery, and beyond 850mm, the water delivery process does not have influence basically to groundwater level.For this reason, for quickening the recovery of natural vegetation,,, utilize soil seed bank, soil seed pool, seed flow to carry out group and transform in nearer location, dried up source according to Tarimhe River plant physiology characteristics and hydrologic condition; In the annual 8-9 month, utilize this during the river course come the water yield big, take the river course overflow with face on discharge water, activate soil seed bank, soil seed pool, cover thereby increase the face of land, quicken the recovery of natural vegetation.
Consider Lower Reaches of Tarim plant nature physiological condition; And consider the economy and the technical feasibility of novel technical method; Utilize the locality principle of living species; Be used for provenance and replenish gathering diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn the 7-10 month and sting seed in vain, help to alleviate the reverse succession of Lower Reaches of Tarim deserta; Utilize desert district water salt migration rule, the retaining of ditching in advance in the zone of carrying out ecological recovery migrates to the soil saturation layer through moisture with soil salt, until diffusing to deep subsoil, and then obtains progressively to the effect that presses down salt; Utilize Tarimhe River footpath fleeting time season crack law, abandon water in the 8-9 month utilization deserta is carried out irregular flood irrigation moisturizing, utilize the ditch dug with a plow of opening up wasteland before pouring water simultaneously, make the best use of the situation, guiding is abandoned water and is as far as possible evenly irrigated; Utilize vegetation seed to disseminate mode and natural propagation rule naturally, broadcast sowing the seed of diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and white thorn at the flood irrigation water inlet, the simulating plant population give birth to numerous process naturally; Utilize plant species field planting water utilization characteristics, carried out twice moisturizing, guide its root system to stretch, thereby reach plant growing from keeping effect to deep layer in 1 year.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is; The fast method that promotes the damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under a kind of extreme drought environment is provided, and this method is utilized the natural deduction process of natural vegetation composition, community dynamic, modes of reproduction and deserta group, recovers and the mode of recovering naturally to combine through artificial ecology; Quickened the eremophytes recovery; Utilize desert district water salt migration rule and flood irrigation mode to the effect that seed bank excites simultaneously, improved degeneration group and lost the habitat of breeding of species, thereby reach the purpose that promotes damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under the extreme drought environment; To improve in precipitation less than 100mm; Evaporation discharge is greater than 2000mm, and the efficient of the arid desert district ecological recovery of surface water famine has promoted the diversity that the eremophytes species constitute.
Extreme drought environment of the present invention promotes the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery down, follows these steps to carry out:
A, exposed ground is opened parallel ditch in the arid desert district, ditch depth 0.4-0.5m, and ditch spacing 2-4m, the head and the tail of each ditch are ditched again again, and ditch depth 0.4-0.5m keeps unimpeded between each ditch;
B, during the annual 7-10 month, the Chinese tamarisk of gathering, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and berry of nitraria tangutorum bobr and seed place Feng Yinchu to dry, and preserve in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
C, utilize underground water that preparatory reclamation of wasteland ditch is carried out the flood irrigation retaining, with flood the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out on the exposed face of land, arid desert district in the 9-10 month in April;
D, when irrigating moisturizing, the plant seed of collecting is poured in the current, disseminate degeneration group lost thing kind seed through current;
Carry out twice moisturizing respectively in e, in April, second and 9-10 month and irrigate, promote root system of plant to grow to deep layer.
The described Chinese tamarisk of step b, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and white thorn are selected the plant that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers, adopt on ripe limit, fructescence limit.
The described plant seed airing of step b is as the criterion with the pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun.
Extreme drought environment of the present invention promotes the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery down, and this method is utilized the locality principle of living species, gathers diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and stings seed in vain, carries out the provenance compensation.To these species seed maturities of one's native land, selecting the every month month of 7-10 the plant that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers to gather mature seed, reach ripe limit, limit and adopt, improve seed viability.Utilize retaining to press salt, the retaining of ditching in the territory, area to be restored, and excite seed bank through flood irrigation, improve the habitat of breeding that species are lost by degeneration group.Utilize the deserta modes of reproduction and disseminate rule, disseminate seeds through pouring water, the realization species are lost district's provenance compensation.
Extreme drought environment of the present invention promotes the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery down, and its characteristics are:
The present invention is directed to extremely under the drought environment desert district species and lose, structure of plant community is tending towards simple and average, through utilizing the natural deduction process of natural vegetation composition, community dynamic, modes of reproduction and deserta group; Recover and the mode of recovering naturally to combine through artificial ecology; Quickened the eremophytes recovery, utilized desert district water salt migration rule and flood irrigation mode simultaneously, improved the habitat of breeding that species are lost by degeneration group the effect that seed bank excites; Thereby reach the compensation of plant provenance; Improve the eremophytes community diversity, increase the stability of structure of community, and then ensure the long-term effect after the artificial ecology recovery measure withdraws from.
Compare with the conventional householder method of existing arid desert district's manual reversion vegetation; Can extremely hang down under the darker natural conditions of precipitation, very big evaporation discharge and bury of groundwater; Make full use of nature recovery process; With low Financial cost, the method for high-tech operability improves arid desert district ecological recovery purpose, avoids the reverse succession of plant community after the manual reversion.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Exposed ground adopts manual work or mechanical system to open parallel ditch in the arid desert district, ditch depth 0.4m, and ditch spacing 2m, and open the dark ditch of 0.4m again at each ditch head and the tail, and keep unimpeded between each ditch, utilize underground water that preparatory reclamation of wasteland ditch is carried out the flood irrigation retaining April;
During the annual 7-10 month; In the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting plant in vain; Gather on ripe limit, fructescence limit collection fruit and seed; Gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and preserves in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide); Simultaneously; The plant seed of collecting is poured in the current, disseminated degeneration group lost thing kind seed through current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle; I.e. sampling on the spot; The principle of replenishing on the spot selects local species diversity to keep the seed of zone collection preferably, and, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and replenish;
In April, second and 9 and carry out twice moisturizing respectively October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide) and irrigate, promote root system of plant to get final product to the deep layer growth.
Embodiment 2:
Exposed ground adopts manual work or mechanical system to open parallel ditch in the arid desert district, ditch depth 0.5m, and ditch spacing 3m ploughs the dark ditch of 0.5m again at each ditch head and the tail, keeps unimpeded between each ditch, utilizes underground water that preparatory reclamation of wasteland ditch dug with a plow is carried out the flood irrigation retaining April;
During the annual 7-10 month; In the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting plant in vain; Ripe limit picking fruit and seed on the fructescence limit; Gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and preserves in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide); Simultaneously; The plant seed of collecting is poured in the current, disseminated degeneration group lost thing kind seed through current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle; I.e. sampling on the spot; The principle of replenishing on the spot selects local species diversity to keep the seed of zone collection preferably, and, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and replenish;
In April, second and 9 and carry out twice moisturizing respectively October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide) and irrigate, the promotion root system of plant is grown to deep layer.
Embodiment 3:
Exposed ground adopts manual work or mechanical system to open parallel ditch in the arid desert district, ditch depth 0.5m, and ditch spacing 4m opens the dark ditch of 0.5m again in each ditch head and the tail, keeps unimpeded between each ditch, utilizes underground water that preparatory reclamation of wasteland ditch dug with a plow is carried out the flood irrigation retaining April;
During the annual 7-10 month; In the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting plant in vain; Ripe limit picking fruit and seed on the fructescence limit; Gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and preserves in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide); Simultaneously; The plant seed of collecting is poured in the current, disseminated degeneration group lost thing kind seed through current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle; I.e. sampling on the spot; The principle of replenishing on the spot selects local species diversity to keep the seed of zone collection preferably, and, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and replenish;
In April, second and 9 and carry out twice moisturizing respectively October (the concrete time looks the Tarimhe River river course and comes the water yield and decide) and irrigate, the promotion root system of plant is grown to deep layer.
Claims (3)
1. an extreme drought environment promotes the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery down, it is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, exposed ground is opened parallel ditch in the arid desert district, ditch depth 0.4-0.5m, and ditch spacing 2-4m, the head and the tail of each ditch are ditched again again, and ditch depth 0.4-0.5m keeps unimpeded between each ditch;
B, during the annual 7-10 month, the Chinese tamarisk of gathering, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and berry of nitraria tangutorum bobr and seed place Feng Yinchu to dry, and preserve in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
C, utilize underground water that preparatory reclamation of wasteland ditch is carried out the flood irrigation retaining, with flood the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out on the exposed face of land, arid desert district in the 9-10 month in April;
D, when irrigating moisturizing, the plant seed of collecting is poured in the current, disseminate degeneration group lost thing kind seed through current;
Carry out twice moisturizing respectively in e, in April, second and 9-10 month and irrigate, promote root system of plant to grow to deep layer.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described Chinese tamarisk of step b, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and the plant that white thorn selection growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers, adopts on ripe limit, fructescence limit.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described plant seed airing of step b is as the criterion with the pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104351008A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for facilitating regeneration of degraded populus euphratica population in extremely arid region |
| CN115530023A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for rapidly supplementing degenerated ecosystem seed source in arid region through artificial seed floating |
| CN115553175A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving vegetation recovery and ecological function of desert-oasis transition zone in arid region |
| CN115553174A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for promoting restoration and reconstruction of damaged ecological system in arid region |
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| CN104351008A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for facilitating regeneration of degraded populus euphratica population in extremely arid region |
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| CN115553175A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving vegetation recovery and ecological function of desert-oasis transition zone in arid region |
| CN115553174A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for promoting restoration and reconstruction of damaged ecological system in arid region |
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