CN102801090A - Long-pulse fiber laser - Google Patents
Long-pulse fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102801090A CN102801090A CN2012102866940A CN201210286694A CN102801090A CN 102801090 A CN102801090 A CN 102801090A CN 2012102866940 A CN2012102866940 A CN 2012102866940A CN 201210286694 A CN201210286694 A CN 201210286694A CN 102801090 A CN102801090 A CN 102801090A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-pulse fiber laser. The long-pulse fiber laser comprises a pumping source laser, a coupling focusing unit, a first fiber Bragg grating, a dielectric fiber and a second fiber Bragg grating, wherein the first fiber Bragg grating and the second fiber Bragg grating are respectively photoetched on both ends of a fiber core of the dielectric fiber. Compared with the traditional fiber laser technology, the long-pulse fiber laser directly adopts a long-pulse lamp pump solid laser as a pumping source, and the long-pulse, high-average-power and high-peak-power output of the fiber laser is realized.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the optical-fiber laser technology.Specifically, the present invention relates to the long pulse fiber laser.
[background technology]
Along with the continuous development of science and technology, laser technology is also growing and development is rapid.Laser technology has been deep into the every aspect of people's life, is widely applied to every field such as scientific research, defence and military, space optical communication, health care, bioengineering, industry manufacturing and amusement.
Divide according to operation material, laser roughly is divided into gas laser, dye laser, semiconductor laser, solid state laser and fiber laser.Fiber laser receives terminal use's favor day by day so that its compactedness is good, in light weight, the life-span is high, wavelength diversity, good beam quality, variety diversity, non-maintaining, advantage such as transmission is convenient.As the up-and-coming youngster of laser field, fiber laser is progressively replacing or is replacing the laser of some conventional solid laser and other kind.
Single mode list cladded fiber generally is applied in the optical communication industry, can't be applied in the high power fiber laser.High power fiber laser generally all adopts single-mode double-clad optical fiber.Single-mode double-clad doped fiber be otherwise known as " luminance transducer "; Promptly; The multimode pump light is coupled to focus on and enters in the inner cladding of single-mode double-clad doped fiber, and laser vibrates in the fiber core with single-mold of single-mode double-clad doped fiber, amplifies, the last good single-mode laser of output beam quality.
The conventional solid laser generally adopts independently lens unit work front and back mirror, needs often to clean front and back mirror and adjustment light path.Lens unit is the front and back mirror if fiber laser also adopts independently, makes troubles for fiber laser maintenance in use.In order to realize fiber laser " non-maintaining ", fiber laser generally adopts the front and back mirror of a pair of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG as fiber laser.
In existing long pulse optical-fiber laser technology, adopt the continuous laser diode pumping to obtain long pulse output with using pulse signal generator to come the modulated laser diode.This technological fiber laser cost is high, and average output power is not high enough, and its peak power is still not high enough, is merely 1-3 kilowatt, and the punching depth as shallow only is applied in the cutting and welding of ultra-thin plate.Existing long pulse optical-fiber laser still can't satisfy cutting and the requirement of welding than slab.Therefore be necessary on the basis of existing Solid State Laser technology and optical-fiber laser technology, to design the long pulse fiber laser of a kind of lower cost, high average output power, high-peak power.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, and the long pulse fiber laser of a kind of lower cost, high average output power, high-peak power is provided.
To achieve these goals, long pulse fiber laser of the present invention comprises: the pumping source laser of placing successively along the beam Propagation direction, coupling focusing unit, first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, medium optical fiber and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG; Wherein, the photoetching of said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG difference is at the fibre core two ends of said medium optical fiber.
Further, said coupling focusing unit is single element lens or set of lenses, is coated with the deielectric-coating of high permeability on two logical light faces of said single element lens or set of lenses.
Further; The resonant cavity that said pumping source laser comprises laser bar, pumping lamp, be made up of total reflective mirror and half anti-mirror, focus on the chamber; Said laser bar, pumping lamp are parallel to each other and are placed between said total reflective mirror, the half anti-mirror, and said laser bar, pumping lamp are set in and focus in the chamber.
Further, described laser bar is for mixing Nd
3+Laser bar.
Further, described laser bar working media is the YAG crystal.
Further, described pumping lamp is an xenon lamp.
Further, the pulse duration of described pumping source laser is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude.
Further, described medium optical fiber also comprises and is set in the outer inner cladding of said fibre core, is set in the outer surrounding layer of inner cladding.
Further, described medium optical fiber is the ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber.
Further, described double clad single-mode fiber is selected from a kind of in the doubly clad optical fiber of doubly clad optical fiber or rectangle inner cladding of eccentric structure doubly clad optical fiber, the doubly clad optical fiber of D type inner cladding, oval inner cladding.
Further, the doubly clad optical fiber of described D type inner cladding, core diameter are that 5 microns, numerical aperture are 0.15, and the inner cladding diameter is that 74 microns, numerical aperture are 0.22.
Further, the pulse duration of described long pulse fiber laser is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude.
Long pulse fiber laser of the present invention compared with prior art; Adopting the long pulse pump solid state laser of jumping lights is pumping source; Satisfied the requirement of fiber laser, also reduced the cost of long pulse fiber laser simultaneously long pulse, high average output power and high-peak power.Adopt single-mode double-clad optical fiber, output beam quality is near the laser of diffraction limit.Adopt the front and back mirror of a pair of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, realized fiber laser " non-maintaining " as fiber laser.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of long pulse fiber laser of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the rough schematic view of pumping source laser in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a doubly clad optical fiber structural representation in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in the doubly clad optical fiber in another embodiment of the present invention.
Label declaration
1: pumping source laser
2: the coupling focusing unit
3: medium optical fiber
4: the first Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs
5: the second Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs
11: laser bar
12: pumping lamp
13: total reflective mirror
14: half anti-mirror
21: fibre core
22: inner cladding
23: surrounding layer
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
What Fig. 1 represented is the structural representation of long pulse fiber laser of the present invention.Long pulse fiber laser provided by the invention comprises: the pumping source laser of placing successively along the beam Propagation direction 1, coupling focusing unit 2, first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4, medium optical fiber 3 and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5; Wherein, said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 and the 5 difference photoetching of second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are at the fibre core two ends of said medium optical fiber 3.
In more detail; Said pumping source laser 1 of the present invention is lamp pump solid state laser; Said lamp pump solid state laser is that output pulse width ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude, peak power can reach 10 kilowatts long pulse Solid State Laser, as the pumping source of long pulse fiber laser; Said coupling focusing unit 2 is single element lens or set of lenses, the light beam entering medium optical fiber 3 that said coupling focusing unit 2 is used to be coupled and focuses on pumping source laser 1; Said medium optical fiber 3 is the working media of long pulse fiber laser; 4 photoetching of said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are on the fibre core of an end (near an end of coupling focusing unit 2) of said medium optical fiber 3; 5 photoetching of said second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are on the fibre core of the other end (away from an end of coupling focusing unit 2) of said medium optical fiber 3.
The pumping source laser 1 of said long pulse is coupled to focus on through coupling focusing unit 2 and gets into medium optical fiber 3, and is absorbed by medium optical fiber 3; The institute's Doped Rare Earth element generation population inversion and the energy level transition of said medium optical fiber 3, laser emission is reciprocating vibration, amplification between first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5; Finally, the laser of long pulse fiber laser is by said second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 coupling output, and output wavelength is the 1080-1160 nanometer, and pulse duration is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude, and peak power can arrive about 10 kilowatts.
Be coated with the deielectric-coating of high permeability on two logical light faces of said single element lens or set of lenses, said deielectric-coating can reduce reflection loss, and specifically in the present invention, said deielectric-coating is the deielectric-coating to 1064 nanometer high permeabilities.
What Fig. 2 represented is the rough schematic view of pumping source laser.The resonant cavity that said pumping source laser 1 comprises laser bar 11, pumping lamp 12, be made up of total reflective mirror 13, half anti-mirror 14, focus on the chamber (not shown); Said laser bar 11, pumping lamp 12 is parallel to each other and be placed between said total reflective mirror 13, the half anti-mirror 14, and said laser bar 11, pumping lamp 12 are set in and focus in the chamber; Said lamp pump solid state laser, population inversion and energy level transition take place in the pumping luminous energy of the rare earth element absorptive pumping lamp 12 of laser bar 11, and laser emission is reciprocating vibration between total reflective mirror 13 and half anti-mirror 14, at last by half anti-mirror 14 coupling outputs.The pulse duration of pumping source laser 1 is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude, and peak power can arrive about 10 kilowatts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, said laser bar 11 adopts and mixes Nd
3+Laser bar.The laser bar 11 of lamp pump solid state laser of the present invention adopts Nd
3+, Yb
3+, Er
3+, Tm
3+, Ho
3+In rare earth element; On the one hand, rare earth element er
3+, Tm
3+, Ho
3+The wavelength of emission is compared Nd
3+And Yb
3+The wavelength of emission will be grown, because optical maser wavelength is long more, material is more little to the absorption coefficient of this laser, is unfavorable for the absorption to optical maser wavelength, and commercial Application seldom adopts Er
3+, Tm
3+, Ho
3+Rare earth element; On the other hand, rare earth element y b
3+Absorption to the long bandwidth emission spectrum of pumping lamp 12 emission is lower, causes the light-light conversion efficiency of lamp pump solid state laser low.Therefore, said laser bar 11 preferred employings of the present invention are mixed Nd
3+Laser bar.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the working media of the laser bar 11 of said lamp pump solid state laser adopts crystal such as YAG, KGW, YLF, YAP.The working media of said laser bar 11 of the present invention preferably adopts the YAG crystal.
In one embodiment of this invention, for obtaining the long pulse output of long pulse fiber laser, the pumping lamp 12 preferred xenon lamps that adopt of the present invention.
What Fig. 3 represented is the structural representation of medium optical fiber of the present invention.In the present invention, said medium optical fiber 3 is the double clad single-mode fiber structure; Be specially, said medium optical fiber 3 comprises fibre core 21, be set in the outer inner cladding 22 of fibre core 21, be set in the outer surrounding layer 23 of inner cladding 22, and the diameter of said inner cladding 22 is greater than the diameter of said fibre core 21.Double clad single-mode fiber structure of the present invention is compared to single covering monomode fiber, and the multi-mode laser of exporting from pumping source laser 1 is coupled in the focusing entering inner cladding 22 more easily.
But the fibre core 21 doped with rare-earth elements Nd of medium optical fiber 3 of the present invention
3+, Yb
3+, Er
3+, Tm
3+, Ho
3+In a kind of or carry out codope.
Pumping source laser 1 of the present invention adopts mixes Nd
3+Laser bar, its optical maser wavelength is 1064 nanometers.Ytterbium ion Yb
3+Absorption spectrum have two big absworption peaks in 915,980 nanometers, can launch the 1080-1160 nanometer laser, and Yb
3+Ion has three-level structure, no excited state absorption and low fluorescent quenching effect.With 1064 nanometer lasers is pumping source, Yb
3+Stokes efficient than being that pumping source is high with 915,980 nanometer lasers.Preferably, the present invention selects the ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber for use.
Further, the length of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber of the present invention is at 10-100 rice.Because Yb
3+Absorption spectrum in 915,980 nanometers two big absworption peaks are arranged, and 1064 nanometers 980 nanometer absworption peak bands the edge on, so Yb
3+At the absorption coefficient of 1064 nanometers and absorption cross-section well below in 915,980 nanometers.The length of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber of the present invention is controlled at 10-100 rice, and it is not enough to remedy absorption coefficient and absorption cross-section, that is, the length of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber of the present invention 10-100 rice can be efficiently, absorptive pumping source laser 1 fully.
Pumping source laser 1 of the present invention is coupled focusing unit 2 couplings and focuses on the inner cladding 22 that gets in the medium optical fiber 3; Said pumping source laser 1 is in the interface generation total reflection of inner cladding 22 and surrounding layer 23, and pumping source laser 1 is folded to preceding transmission in inner cladding 22 introversions, in the process of transmission forward, is absorbed by the rare earth element in the fibre core 21.
What Fig. 3 represented is doubly clad optical fiber structural representation in one embodiment of the invention.Wherein, a is positive core structure doubly clad optical fiber, and fibre core, inner cladding, surrounding layer are concentric; B is the eccentric structure doubly clad optical fiber, and inner cladding, surrounding layer are concentric, and fibre core and inner cladding, surrounding layer is eccentric is provided with; C is the doubly clad optical fiber of D type inner cladding, and said inner cladding is the D type; D is the doubly clad optical fiber of oval inner cladding, said inner cladding ovalize; E is the doubly clad optical fiber of rectangle inner cladding, and said inner cladding is rectangular.
Since rare earth element depends primarily on rear-earth-doped concentration, fibre core and inner cladding to the absorption of pumping source laser 1 area than and the inner cladding structure.The area of fiber lengths, rear-earth-doped concentration, fibre core and inner cladding than the same situation under; Above-mentioned five kinds of doubly clad optical fiber structures are experimentized; The result shows, a: the double clad structured optical fiber of positive core structure is the poorest to the absorption of pumping source laser 1, and laser output power is minimum; B: doubly clad optical fiber, the d of eccentric structure doubly clad optical fiber, c:D type inner cladding: the doubly clad optical fiber of oval inner cladding, e: the doubly clad optical fiber of rectangle inner cladding is to the good absorbing effect of pumping source laser 1, and laser output power is satisfied the demand.Preferably, double clad single-mode fiber of the present invention select for use eccentric structure doubly clad optical fiber, the doubly clad optical fiber of D type inner cladding, oval inner cladding doubly clad optical fiber or or the doubly clad optical fiber of rectangle inner cladding in a kind of.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention, double clad single-mode fiber is selected the doubly clad optical fiber of D type inner cladding for use; Wherein, fibre core 21 diameters are that 5 microns, numerical aperture are 0.15, and inner cladding 22 diameters are that 74 microns, numerical aperture are 0.22.
What Fig. 4 represented is the structural representation of the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in the doubly clad optical fiber of the present invention.4 photoetching of said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are on the fibre core 21 of an end of said medium optical fiber 3, and said fibre core 21 is sheathed successively inner cladding 22, surrounding layer 23 outward; First Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 of the embodiment of the invention adopts lithography corrosion technology that optical fiber is processed acquisition; The grating parameter of first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 has high reflection characteristic to the output beam of this fiber laser, that is said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 has the total reflective mirror effect of conventional solid laser.
Same, 5 photoetching of said second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are on the fibre core 21 of the other end of said medium optical fiber 3; The grating parameter of second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 has the partial reflection characteristic to the output beam of this fiber laser, that is said second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 has half anti-mirror effect of conventional solid laser.
The present invention adopts Fiber Bragg Grating FBG for the conventional solid laser, need not often total reflective mirror and half anti-mirror to be cleaned and adjust light path, realizes " exempting to clean ", " non-maintaining " of fiber laser.
The laser of the long pulse fiber laser of the embodiment of the invention is reciprocating vibration, amplification between said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 4 and said second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5; Formed laser incides on the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG; When satisfying Bragg condition (formula 1), laser is reflected by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
Wherein, Λ is the grating cycle, and λ is an optical maser wavelength, n
EffBe the effective refractive index of doubly clad optical fiber fibre core to this optical maser wavelength.
In the present invention; Adopt Excimer UV laser that the fibre core 21 of double clad single-mode fiber is carried out photoetching corrosion; The cycle or the aperiodic that change the refractive index of fibre core 21 through lithography corrosion process change; And then the grating cycle of control Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, thereby obtain Fiber Bragg Grating FBG the laser of a certain wavelength is had specific reflectivity.
Long pulse fiber laser of the present invention compared with prior art; Adopting lamp pump long pulse solid state laser is pumping source; Realized the output of fiber laser to long pulse, high average output power and high-peak power; Satisfied than slab cutting and requirement of welding, also reduced the cost of long pulse fiber laser simultaneously.Adopt single-mode double-clad optical fiber, output beam quality is near the laser of diffraction limit.Adopt the front and back mirror of a pair of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, realized the advantage of fiber laser " non-maintaining " as fiber laser.
The above embodiment of the present invention does not constitute the qualification to protection range of the present invention.Various other corresponding changes and distortion that any technical conceive according to the present invention has been done all should be included in the protection range of claim of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. long pulse fiber laser; It is characterized in that said long pulse fiber laser comprises: the pumping source laser of placing successively along the beam Propagation direction, coupling focusing unit, first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, medium optical fiber and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG; Wherein, the photoetching of said first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG difference is at the fibre core two ends of said medium optical fiber.
2. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said coupling focusing unit is single element lens or set of lenses, is coated with the deielectric-coating of high permeability on the logical light face of said single element lens or set of lenses.
3. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The resonant cavity that said pumping source laser comprises laser bar, pumping lamp, be made up of total reflective mirror and half anti-mirror, focus on the chamber; Said laser bar, pumping lamp are parallel to each other and are placed between said total reflective mirror, the half anti-mirror, and said laser bar, pumping lamp are set in and focus in the chamber.
4. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that described laser bar is for mixing Nd
3+Laser bar.
5. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the working media of described laser bar is the YAG crystal.
6. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described pumping lamp is an xenon lamp.
7. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the pulse duration of described pumping source laser is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude.
8. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described medium optical fiber also comprises and is set in the outer inner cladding of said fibre core, is set in the outer surrounding layer of inner cladding.
9. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described medium optical fiber is the ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer monomode fiber.
10. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 9; It is characterized in that described double clad single-mode fiber is selected from a kind of in the doubly clad optical fiber of doubly clad optical fiber or rectangle inner cladding of eccentric structure doubly clad optical fiber, the doubly clad optical fiber of D type inner cladding, oval inner cladding.
11. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 10 is characterized in that, in the doubly clad optical fiber of described D type inner cladding, core diameter is that 5 microns, numerical aperture are 0.15, and the inner cladding diameter is that 74 microns, numerical aperture are 0.22.
12. long pulse fiber laser according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the pulse duration of described long pulse fiber laser is ten microseconds-millisecond magnitude.
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| CN103036136A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 山东海富光子科技股份有限公司 | Gain switch pulse type single-frequency optical fiber laser |
| CN105977775A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-09-28 | 电子科技大学 | Cascade gain modulation dual-wavelength medium-infrared pulse optical fiber laser device |
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| CN105977775A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-09-28 | 电子科技大学 | Cascade gain modulation dual-wavelength medium-infrared pulse optical fiber laser device |
| CN105977775B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-02-19 | 电子科技大学 | Cascaded gain modulates infrared pulse optical fiber laser in dual wavelength |
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| CN102801090B (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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Effective date of registration: 20171227 Address after: 311200, Zhejiang Province, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou New Street Village Patentee after: Pan-wave Laser Equipment (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 325001 the 6 floor of the middle test building of high tech park, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Patentee before: WENZHOU FIBRE LASER Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20141119 Termination date: 20210813 |