CN102760866B - Preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene - Google Patents
Preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene Download PDFInfo
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- CN102760866B CN102760866B CN201110105466.4A CN201110105466A CN102760866B CN 102760866 B CN102760866 B CN 102760866B CN 201110105466 A CN201110105466 A CN 201110105466A CN 102760866 B CN102760866 B CN 102760866B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene. According to the invention, urea is adopted as a reducing agent, and is subjected to a hydro-thermal reaction with graphene, such that the nitrogen-doped graphene is obtained. According to the invention, the hydro-thermal method is adopted, a relatively high temperature is not required, requirements on equipment are low, and energy can be saved. During the preparation process, urea is adopted as the reducing agent. Urea is advantaged in non-toxicity and low environment pollution. The preparation method is advantaged in simple process, short reaction time, and relatively high efficiency. With the method, the prepared nitrogen-doped graphene is advantaged in good performance.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the synthetic field of nano-carbon material, relate in particular to a kind of preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene.
[background technology]
The strong K sea nurse of the peace moral of Univ Manchester UK (Andre K.Geim) etc. was prepared grapheme material in 2004, because its unique structure and photoelectric property have been subject to people, pay attention to widely.Mono-layer graphite has large specific area, good conduction, heat conductivility and low thermal coefficient of expansion.Especially its high conductivity matter, large specific surface character and the structural property of its monolayer two-dimensional nano yardstick can be used as electrode material in ultracapacitor and lithium ion battery.Traditional method of preparing Graphene has multiple, as: (1) micromechanics stripping method, this method can only produce the extremely limited graphene film of quantity, can only be as basic research; (2) ultra high vacuum Graphene epitaxial growth method, the structural limitations of the expensive and sequin of this method its application; (3) chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD), the method can meet the requirement that high-quality graphene is prepared in scale, but cost is higher, complex process; (4) solvent stripping method, the method shortcoming is that productive rate is very low, limits its business application.
Doping is a kind of method that conventional method is used for adjusting grapheme material characteristic electron, and theoretical and experimental study shows, Graphene band structure after nitrogen adulterates can change, and compares with pure Graphene, and the range of application of nitrogen-doped graphene will be expanded greatly.But preparation method's complex process of traditional nitrogen-doped graphene, cost are higher, have limited the further application of nitrogen-doped graphene.
[summary of the invention]
Based on this, be necessary to provide that a kind of preparation technology is simple, the preparation method of lower-cost nitrogen-doped graphene.
A preparation method for nitrogen-doped graphene, comprises the steps:
Step 1: graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and prepare graphite oxide;
Step 2: graphite oxide is dissolved in to ultrasonic dispersion in solvent and prepares the graphene oxide solution that concentration is 0.1~2mg/mL;
Step 3: be 20~50% urea liquid to adding mass concentration in graphene oxide solution, be uniformly mixed, obtain the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea, wherein, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 8~12: 1;
Step 4: the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea is carried out at 80~200 ℃ to hydro-thermal reaction, obtain nitrogen-doped graphene.
Preferably, in step 1, graphite raw material is that purity is more than or equal to 99.5% natural flake graphite.
Preferably, in step 1, graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and comprise the steps: graphite raw material, potassium peroxydisulfate and phosphorus pentoxide to be added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 80 ℃, stir, cooling more than 6 hours, suction filtration, washing is to neutral, dry, obtains biased sample;
Biased sample is added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0 ℃, add potassium permanganate, the temperature of system remains on below 20 ℃ again, then in the oil bath of 35 ℃, keeps after 2 hours, slowly add deionized water, after 15 minutes, then add the deionized water containing hydrogen peroxide, until the color of solution becomes glassy yellow, suction filtration while hot, with the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 10%, wash again, suction filtration, 60 ℃ of vacuumizes obtain graphite oxide.
Preferably, in step 2, solvent is water, and ultrasonic jitter time is 1 hour.
Preferably, in step 2, the concentration of graphene oxide solution is 0.5mg/mL.
Preferably, in step 3, the mass concentration of urea liquid is 40%.
Preferably, in step 4, the temperature of hydro-thermal reaction is 120 ℃.
In above-mentioned preparation process, use hydro thermal method, do not need to use higher temperature, to equipment require low, simultaneously can energy savings; In preparation process, use urea as reducing agent, nontoxic, environmental pollution is little.This preparation method's flow process is simple, and the reaction time is short, and efficiency is higher.The nitrogen-doped graphene better performances of preparing by the method.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is preparation method's flow chart of the nitrogen-doped graphene of an execution mode.
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 nitrogen-doped graphene material is applied to the constant current charge-discharge curve chart in ultracapacitor as electrode material.
[embodiment]
Below mainly in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of the nitrogen-doped graphene of an execution mode, comprises the steps:
Step S110: graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and prepare graphite oxide.
Above-mentioned graphite raw material can be various form graphite powders, as crystalline flake graphite, crystalloid graphite etc.The preferred purity of present embodiment is not less than 99.5% natural flake graphite.
Wherein, graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and prepare graphite oxide and can adopt with the following method: graphite raw material, potassium peroxydisulfate and phosphorus pentoxide are added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 80 ℃, stir, cooling more than 6 hours, suction filtration, washing is to neutral, dry, obtain biased sample;
Biased sample is added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0 ℃, add potassium permanganate, the temperature of system remains on below 20 ℃ again, then in the oil bath of 35 ℃, keeps after 2 hours, slowly add deionized water, after 15 minutes, then add the deionized water containing hydrogen peroxide, until the color of solution becomes glassy yellow, suction filtration while hot, with the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 10%, wash again, suction filtration, 60 ℃ of vacuumizes obtain graphite oxide.
Step S120: graphite oxide is dissolved in to ultrasonic dispersion in solvent and prepares the graphene oxide solution that concentration is 0.1~2mg/mL.
Specifically the graphite oxide of preparing in step S110 is added to the water and carries out ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour, form the finely dispersed graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer, the concentration that makes graphene oxide is 0.1~2mg/mL.The concentration of present embodiment preferential oxidation Graphene is 0.5mg/mL.
Step S130: be 20~50% urea liquid to adding mass concentration in graphene oxide solution, be uniformly mixed, obtain the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea.
The concentration of the preferred urea liquid of present embodiment is 40%.
Step S140: the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea is carried out at 80~200 ℃ to hydro-thermal reaction, obtain nitrogen-doped graphene.
Specifically the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea is packed in water heating kettle, at 80~200 ℃, carry out hydro-thermal reaction and obtain nitrogen-doped graphene.
Urea is not only made reducing agent but also provide nitrogenous source for nitrogen adulterates under hydrothermal condition, and graphene oxide carries out nitrogen doping in the process of reduction simultaneously, thereby nitrogen-atoms enters into graphene sheet layer structure.
The preferred hydrothermal temperature of present embodiment is 120 ℃.
In the nitrogen-doped graphene that present embodiment makes, the percentage composition of nitrogen-atoms is 0.1~5%.
In above-mentioned preparation process, use hydro thermal method, do not need to use higher temperature, to equipment require low, simultaneously can energy savings; In preparation process, use urea as reducing agent, nontoxic, environmental pollution is little.This preparation method's flow process is simple, and the reaction time is short, and efficiency is higher.The nitrogen-doped graphene better performances of preparing by the method.
Be below specific embodiment part:
Embodiment 1
Graphite raw material → graphite oxide → graphene oxide solution → graphene oxide and urea mixed solution → nitrogen-doped graphene
(1) graphite raw material: the natural flake graphite that 50 order purity are 99.5%.
(2) graphite oxide: 20g graphite raw material, 10g potassium peroxydisulfate and 10g phosphorus pentoxide are added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 80 ℃, stir, cooling more than 6 hours, suction filtration, washing is to neutral, dry, obtains biased sample;
Dried biased sample is added in 0 ℃, the concentrated sulfuric acid of 230mL, then adds 60g potassium permanganate, the temperature of system to remain on below 20 ℃, then in the oil bath of 35 ℃, keep, after 2 hours, slowly adding 920mL deionized water;
After 15 minutes, in system, add 2.8L deionized water again, until mixture color becomes glassy yellow, suction filtration while hot, with the hydrochloric acid that 5L concentration is 10%, wash, suction filtration, obtains graphite oxide for 48 hours 60 ℃ of vacuumizes again, wherein, in above-mentioned 2.8L deionized water, containing 50mL concentration is 30% hydrogen peroxide.
(3) graphene oxide solution: by the ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour that is added to the water of the graphite oxide of preparation in step (2), the homodisperse graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer that to form concentration be 0.5mg/mL.
(4) graphene oxide and urea mixed solution: to adding mass fraction in the graphene oxide solution of step (3), be 40% urea liquid, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 8: 1, stir 10 minutes, both are mixed, obtain graphene oxide and urea mixed solution.
(5) nitrogen-doped graphene: the mixed solution of step (4) gained is packed in water heating kettle, and hydro-thermal reaction obtains nitrogen-doped graphene at 120 ℃.
In order to test the capacitive property of the present embodiment nitrogen-doped graphene, the nitrogen-doped graphene making is made into electrode for capacitors, carry out charge-discharge test.Shown in specific as follows:
By nitrogen-doped graphene material by means of rolling slabbing, and break into card punch the circular electrode that diameter is 15mm, accurately weigh;
In glove box, this electrode, barrier film and electrolyte are assembled into ultracapacitor according to ultracapacitor manufacture craft, its septation is celgard2000 (U.S. Nader company product), the Et that electrolyte is 1mol/L
4nBF
4/ AN solution.
Ultracapacitor constant current charge-discharge curve chart, as shown in Figure 2, transverse axis: time (time), unit second (S); The longitudinal axis: voltage (Voltage), unit volt (V); Wherein, test voltage scope is 0~2.5 volt, and measuring current is 1A/g; Equipment is the blue electric CT-2001A8 in the Wuhan battery test system of filling enamel, and glove box is German Braun glove box.The charge-discharge performance of the nitrogen-doped graphene that as can be seen from Figure 2 the present embodiment makes is stable.
Embodiment 2
Step (1) and step (2) are with embodiment 1.
(3) graphene oxide solution: by the ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour that is added to the water of the graphite oxide of preparation in step (2), the homodisperse graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer that to form concentration be 0.1mg/mL.
(4) graphene oxide and urea mixed solution: to adding mass fraction in the graphene oxide solution of step (3), be 20% urea liquid, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 10: 1, stir 10 minutes, both are mixed, obtain graphene oxide and urea mixed solution.
(5) nitrogen-doped graphene: the mixed solution of step (4) gained is packed in water heating kettle, and hydro-thermal reaction obtains nitrogen-doped graphene at 80 ℃.
Embodiment 3
Step (1) and step (2) are with embodiment 1.
(3) graphene oxide solution: by the ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour that is added to the water of the graphite oxide of preparation in step (2), the homodisperse graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer that to form concentration be 1mg/mL.
(4) graphene oxide and urea mixed solution: to adding mass fraction in the graphene oxide solution of step (3), be 50% urea liquid, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 12: 1, stir 10 minutes, both are mixed, obtain graphene oxide and urea mixed solution.
(5) nitrogen-doped graphene: the mixed solution of step (4) gained is packed in water heating kettle, and hydro-thermal reaction obtains nitrogen-doped graphene at 120 ℃.
Embodiment 4
Step (1) and step (2) are with embodiment 1.
(3) graphene oxide solution: by the ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour that is added to the water of the graphite oxide of preparation in step (2), the homodisperse graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer that to form concentration be 2mg/mL.
(4) graphene oxide and urea mixed solution: to adding mass fraction in the graphene oxide solution of step (3), be 50% urea liquid, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 10: 1, stir 10 minutes, both are mixed, obtain graphene oxide and urea mixed solution.
(5) nitrogen-doped graphene: the mixed solution of step (4) gained is packed in water heating kettle, and hydro-thermal reaction obtains nitrogen-doped graphene at 200 ℃.
Embodiment 5
Step (1) and step (2) are with embodiment 1.
(3) graphene oxide solution: by the ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour that is added to the water of the graphite oxide of preparation in step (2), the homodisperse graphene oxide solution of monolithic layer that to form concentration be 0.5mg/mL.
(4) graphene oxide and urea mixed solution: to adding mass fraction in the graphene oxide solution of step (3), be 50% urea liquid, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 10: 1, stir 10 minutes, both are mixed, obtain graphene oxide and urea mixed solution.
(5) nitrogen-doped graphene: the mixed solution of step (4) gained is packed in water heating kettle, and hydro-thermal reaction obtains nitrogen-doped graphene at 160 ℃.
The above embodiment has only expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for nitrogen-doped graphene, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and prepare graphite oxide;
Step 2: described graphite oxide is dissolved in to ultrasonic dispersion in solvent and prepares the graphene oxide solution that concentration is 0.1~2mg/mL, wherein, described solvent is water, and ultrasonic jitter time is 1 hour;
Step 3: be 20~50% urea liquid to adding mass concentration in described graphene oxide solution, be uniformly mixed, obtain the mixed solution of graphene oxide and urea, wherein, the volume ratio of graphene oxide solution and urea liquid is 8~12:1;
Step 4: the mixed solution of described graphene oxide and urea is carried out at 80~200 ℃ to hydro-thermal reaction, obtain described nitrogen-doped graphene.
2. the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1, described graphite raw material is that purity is more than or equal to 99.5% natural flake graphite.
3. the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in step 1, described graphite raw material is carried out to oxidation processes and comprise the steps: described graphite raw material, potassium peroxydisulfate and phosphorus pentoxide to be added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 80 ℃, stir, cooling more than 6 hours, suction filtration, washing is to neutral, dry, obtains biased sample;
Described biased sample is added in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0 ℃, add potassium permanganate, the temperature of system remains on below 20 ℃ again, then in the oil bath of 35 ℃, keeps after 2 hours, slowly add deionized water, after 15 minutes, then add the deionized water containing hydrogen peroxide, until the color of solution becomes glassy yellow, suction filtration while hot, with the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 10%, wash again, suction filtration, 60 ℃ of vacuumizes obtain graphite oxide.
4. the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, the concentration of described graphene oxide solution is 0.5mg/mL.
5. the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, the mass concentration of described urea liquid is 40%.
6. the preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, the temperature of hydro-thermal reaction is 120 ℃.
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