CN102741636A - 用于通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
该方法和设备用于在蒸馏塔***中通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品,该蒸馏塔***具有至少一个分离塔。进料空气在空气压缩机中被压缩。压缩进料空气的第一部分流(2,4,6,7)被做功减压(5,8)。压缩进料空气(1)的第二部分流(3)被冷却和液化或伪液化并且随后被引入蒸馏塔***。液态氧产品流(51)从蒸馏塔***中提取,以液体状态被置于第一升高的压力下(52),在该第一升高的压力下通过间接热交换(10)与压缩进料空气的第二部分流(3)一起被蒸发或伪蒸发,被加热到大约为环境温度(10)并且最终被提取作为气态产品流(55)。蒸发或伪蒸发的氧产品流(53)在冷却压缩机(13)中被继续置于高于第一升高的压力的第二升高的压力下。产品流(54)在该第二升高的压力下被加热到大约为环境温度(10)。至少一部分做功减压(5,8)第一部分流(3)时产生的机械能被用于驱动冷却压缩机(13)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法。
背景技术
在该过程中,以液态置于压力之下的氧产品流与热载体相对地进行蒸发,并最终作为气态加压产品获得。该方法也称作内压缩。其用于获得加压氧。对于超临界压力的情况,本身不会发生相变,然后产品流发生“伪蒸发”。
与(伪)蒸发的产品流相对地,处于高压下的热载体发生液化(或者在其处于超临界压力下时发生伪液化)。热载体通常通过一部分空气形成,在压缩的进料空气的“第二部分流”的情况下。
内压缩法例如在DE 830 805、DE 901 542(=US2,712,738/US2,784,572)、DE 952 908、DE 1 103 363(=US3,083,544)、DE 1 112 997(=US3,214,925)、DE 1 124 529、DE 1 117 616(=US3,280,574)、DE 1 226 616(=US3,216,206)、DE 1 229 561(=US3,222,878)、DE 1 199 293、DE 1 187 248(=US3,371,496)、DE 1 235 347、DE 1 258 882(=US3,426,543)、DE 1 263 037(=US3,401,531)、DE 1 501 722(=US3,416,323)、DE 1 501 723(=US3,500,651)、DE 253 132(=US4,279,631)、DE 2 646 690、EP 93 448 B1(=US4,555,256)、EP 384 483 B1(=US5,036,672)、EP 505 812 B1(=US5,263,328)、EP 716 280 B1(=US5,644,934)、EP 842 385 B1(=US5,953,937)、EP 758 733 B1(=US5,845,517)、EP 895 045 B1(=US6,038,885)、DE 198 03 437 A1、EP 949 471 B1(=US6,185,960B1)、EP 955 509 A1(=US6,196,022B1)、EP 1 031 804 A1(=US6,314,755)、DE 199 09 744 A1、EP 1 067 345 A1(=US6,336,345)、EP 1 074 805 A1(=US6,332,337)、DE 199 54 593 A1、EP 1 134 525 A1(=US6,477,860)、DE 100 13 073 A1、EP 1 139 046 A1、EP 1 146 301 A1、EP 1 150 082 A1、EP 1 213 552 A1、DE 101 15 258 A1、EP 1 284 404 A1(=US2003/051504 A1)、EP 1 308 680 A1(=US6,612,129B2)、DE 102 13 212 A1、DE 102 13 211 A1、EP 1 357 342 A1或DE 102 38 282 A1、DE 103 02 389 A1、DE 103 34 559 A1、DE 103 34 560 A1、DE 103 32 863 A1、EP 1 544 559 A1、EP 1 585 926 A1、DE 10 2005 029 274 A1、EP 1 666 824 A1,EP 1 672 301 A1、DE 10 2005 028 012 A1、WO2007/033838 A1、WO2007/104449 A1、EP 1 845 324 A1、DE 10 2006 032 731 A1、EP 1 892 490 A1、DE 10 2007 014 643 A1、A1、EP 2 015 012 A2、EP 2 015 013 A2、EP 2 026 024 A1、WO2009/095188 A2或DE 10 2008 016 355 A1中公开。
这些内压缩法具有许多优点,但是需要提供处于特别高的压力下的一部分进料空气作为热载体。此外还必须消耗相应的能量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供前述类型的方法和相应的设备,其以在能量方面特别有益的方式工作。
该目的是通过权利要求1的特征实现的。
在此,不是以液态完全升压至产品压力(“第二升高的压力”),而是仅一部分升压,即直至较低的“第一升高的压力”。其余的升压在(伪)蒸发之后在冷的但是气体状态下进行。首先这看上去是自相矛盾的,因为内压缩的主要优点在于由以液态升压代替气态压缩。此外,通过冷却压缩将热量引入该过程中,该热量无法如同热压缩的情况利用诸如冷却水的低成本冷却剂加以排出。
但是,在本发明的范畴内,显示了该方法的优点,克服了所预期的缺点。通过低于最终压力的(伪)蒸发压力,还可以相应地将提供热量的第二部分流的压力选择得更低。此外,为了在该方法中驱动冷却压缩机使用本身产生的机械能;为此,尤其是例如通过共同的轴或传动装置将用于进料空气的第一部分流的减压机以机械方式直接连接至冷却压缩机。但是,在经冷却压缩的产品流再次进入热交换时,升高的温度可能出现的缺点也显示出优点。由此可以绕开在热交换图中的瓶颈,并且总体上在待冷却的进料空气与待加热的回流之间实现特别有效的热交换。在本发明的范畴内,由此引起的进一步的节能才实现出人意料的大幅减少能量消耗。
冷却压缩机的入口温度例如为超出在第一升高的压力下的产品流的(伪)蒸发温度2至50K,优选5至10K。在氧产品压力(“第二升高的压力”)在20与40巴之间时,所述方法特别有利。冷却压缩机处的压力比优选为1.4至2.1,“第一升高的压力”在10与30巴之间。
所述方法基本上可以利用单一的减压机实施。在此情况下,除了冷却压缩机以外还必须将消耗型制动器、发生器或热压缩机与减压机连接,以产生该方法所需的制冷。选择性地,可以运行具有合适工艺流的第二减压机,该减压机承担制冷的任务。
优选在两个并联或串联地连接的减压机中实施第一部分流的做功减压。在此情况下例如可以将两个减压机之一与冷却压缩机连接,将另一个与热压缩机、发生器或消耗型制动器连接。
在减压机串联连接时,有利的是第一部分流在两个减压机之间进行加热(中间加热)。
在减压机并联连接时,有利的是两个减压机具有相同的入口温度和/或相同的入口压力或者相同的出口压力和/或相同的出口温度。
在本发明的一个特别的实施方案中,将两个减压机的机械能用于驱动冷却压缩机。因此两个减压机以机械方式与冷却压缩机连接(及任选额外与热压缩机、发生器或消耗型制动器连接)。在此代替一个或两个常用的增速涡轮机,使用两个串联连接的涡轮机,它们例如通过共同的轴或传动机以机械方式彼此连接。特别有利的是,在共同的外壳中具有两个涡轮机轮的结构,它们驱动共同的轴,因此是一个单元。共同的轴驱动冷却压缩机及任选驱动另一个制动装置,例如消耗型制动器、发生器或热压缩机。
有利的是,进料空气的冷却、第二部分流的液化或伪液化、产品流的蒸发或伪蒸发以及产品流的加热在主热交换器中实施。该“主热交换器”可以由一个或多个并联和/或串联连接的热交换器区段构成,例如由一个或多个平板热交换器块构成。
此外,本发明还涉及根据权利要求8至13通过低温分离空气产生气态加压产品的设备。
下面借助在附图中示出的实施例更详细地阐述本发明以及本发明的其他细节。附图仅包括该方法的主要部分和相应的装置,特别是没有示出空气压缩机和蒸馏塔***。后者优选通过用于氮氧分离的常用双塔***构成。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明的具有组合机器的第一实施方案,
图2至5所示为其他实施方案,其中各自仅有一个减压机驱动冷却压缩机。
具体实施方式
在所有附图中相互对应的部件或方法步骤具有相同的附图标记。
在图1中,空气1从主空气压缩机和随后的空气净化装置(两者均未示出)在非常高的压力下流出,并分配成第一部分流2(涡轮机流)和第二部分流3(节流阀流)。
将第一部分流2引入主热交换器10的热端。在一个中间温度下将第一部分流通过管道4再次提取出并随后在第一涡轮机5中做功减压至中间压力。中间加压空气6在主热交换器10中再次加热(中间加热),并通过管道7送至第二涡轮机8,并在此从中间压力做功减压至大约为蒸馏塔***(未示出)的高压塔的运行压力。将第二涡轮机8的废气9送至高压塔作为基本上呈气态的进料空气。
将第二部分流3在非常高的压力下引导通过主热交换器10直至冷端,并在此提供用于在压力下蒸发或伪蒸发的氧产品流的热量,该氧产品流以液态(51-LOX)从蒸馏塔***提取出,并在泵52中施加至19.5巴的“第一升高的压力”。(通过主热交换器的其余回流在此未示出。)冷的第二部分流在节流阀11中减压至大约为高压塔压力,并以液态或作为双相混合物引入蒸馏塔***的一个或多个塔。
两个涡轮机5,8通过驱动这二者的共同的轴12以机械方式连接。此外,在该轴上设置有冷却压缩机13,该冷却压缩机是通过在涡轮机中产生并传输到轴12上的机械能驱动的。此外,该轴还驱动消耗型制动器、发生器或热压缩机(未示出)。
蒸发的产品流53在高于(伪)蒸发温度大约5至10K的中间温度下从主热交换器10提取出,并送至冷却压缩机13。在此将其由“第一升高的压力”进一步压缩至33巴的“第二升高的压力”。将其以高于入口温度15至30K的温度由冷却压缩机(通过管道54)排出,然后在合适的位置上再次送至主热交换器10,并且在此加热到大约为环境温度。最后通过管道55由热端提取出气态加压产品(PGOX)。
在图2中,两个减压机并联设置。在此,第一部分流4在中间温度下分配成两个支流204,207,这两个支流各自在仅一个涡轮机205,208中做功减压。将这两股经减压的空气流再次合并,并如图1所示继续通过管道9引导。
此外,两个涡轮机以两个分离的机器的方式构成。第一涡轮机205通过第一共同的轴驱动热压缩机223。该热压缩机以用于在未示出的空气压缩机中压缩的进料空气1的后压缩机的方式构成。随后设置后冷却器,并将经后期压缩的空气通过管道201送至主热交换器10的热端。第二涡轮机208通过第二共同的轴驱动用于(伪)蒸发的产品流53的冷却压缩机13。
图3与图2的区别在于,不是对全部空气1实施后期压缩,而是仅对第二部分流303,3实施后期压缩。为此,在空气压缩机中压缩的进料空气1在后压缩机323之前已经分配成第一部分流2和第二部分流303,并且仅将第二部分流303送至后压缩机323。最后,将经后期压缩的第二部分流3如前所述送至主热交换器10的热端,并形成节流阀流。
在图4中显示出图2的另一个改变的方案。在此,经压缩的进料空气在后压缩机223上游在主热交换器10的一个额外的管道组410中预先冷却,如DE 10 2007 042 462中更详细所述。
以类似的方式,图5的实施例与图3的区别在于,主热交换器的额外的管道组510。
Claims (13)
1.用于在蒸馏塔***中通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的方法,该蒸馏塔***具有至少一个分离塔,其中在该方法中,
-将进料空气在空气压缩机中压缩,
-使经压缩的进料空气的第一部分流(2,4,6,7)做功减压(5,8),
-将经压缩的进料空气(1)的第二部分流(3)冷却和液化或伪液化,随后引入蒸馏塔***中,
-将液态氧产品流(51)从蒸馏塔***提取出,以液体状态施加至第一升高的压力(52),在该第一升高的压力下通过与经压缩的进料空气的第二部分流(3)的间接热交换(10)进行蒸发或伪蒸发,加热(10)至大约为环境温度,并最终作为气态产品流(55)提取出,其特征在于,
-将经蒸发或伪蒸发的氧产品流(53)在冷却压缩机(13)中进一步施加至高于第一升高的压力的第二升高的压力,及
-将产品流(54)在该第二升高的压力下加热(10)至大约为环境温度,其中
-将至少一部分在第一部分流(3)做功减压(5,8)时产生的机械能用于驱动冷却压缩机(13)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,第一部分流(2,4,6,7)的做功减压在两个并联或串联连接的减压机(5,8)中实施。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,第一部分流(6)在两个串联连接的减压机之间进行加热(10)。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,两个并联连接的减压机具有相同的入口温度和/或相同的入口压力。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,两个并联连接的减压机具有相同的出口压力和/或相同的出口温度。
6.根据权利要求2或3的方法,其特征在于,将两个减压机(5,8)的机械能用于驱动冷却压缩机(13)。
7.根据权利要求1至4之一的方法,其特征在于,进料空气的冷却、第二部分流的液化或伪液化、产品流的蒸发或伪蒸发以及产品流的加热在主热交换器中实施。
8.用于通过低温分离空气产生气态氧加压产品的设备,其具有
-具有至少一个分离塔的蒸馏塔***,
-用于压缩进料空气的空气压缩机,
-用于使经压缩的进料空气的第一部分流(2,4,6,7)进行做功减压(5,8)的第一减压机,
-用于冷却和液化或伪液化经压缩的进料空气(1)的第二部分流(3)的装置,
-用于将经液化或伪液化的第一部分流引入蒸馏塔***的装置,
-用于从蒸馏塔***提取出液态氧产品流(51),以液体状态施加至第一升高的压力(52),在该第一升高的压力下通过与经压缩的进料空气的第二部分流(3)的间接热交换(10)蒸发或伪蒸发液,加热(10)至大约为环境温度,并最终作为气态产品流(55)排出的装置,其特征在于,
-用于通过以下装置使蒸发或伪蒸发的氧产品流(53)进一步升压至高于第一升高的压力的第二升高的压力的冷却压缩机(13),
-用于将产品流(54)在该第二升高的压力下加热(10)至大约为环境温度的装置,
-用于将至少一部分在第一部分流(3)做功减压(5,8)时产生的机械能传输到冷却压缩机(13)的装置。
9.根据权利要求8的设备,其特征在于用于第一部分流(2,4,6,7)做功减压的第二减压机(8),该第二减压机与第一减压机(5)并联或串联连接。
10.根据权利要求8或9的设备,其特征在于用于在两个串联连接的减压机之间加热(10)第一部分流(6)的装置。
11.根据权利要求8至10之一的设备,其特征在于,两个并联连接的减压机具有相同的入口温度、相同的入口压力、相同的出口压力和/或相同的出口温度。
12.根据权利要求8至11之一的设备,其特征在于用于将两个减压机(5,8)的机械能传输到冷却压缩机(13)的装置。
13.根据权利要求8至12之一的设备,其特征在于,进料空气的冷却、第二部分流的液化或伪液化、产品流的蒸发或伪蒸发以及产品流的加热在主热交换器中实施。
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CN112361716A (zh) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-12 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | 用于从空气分离装置中制备高压气体的方法和装置 |
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US20120174625A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
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