CN101883963B - 通过低温蒸馏从空气中高度灵活地生产气态和液态形式的气体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏从空气中高度灵活地生产气态和液态形式的气体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101883963B
CN101883963B CN2008800071781A CN200880007178A CN101883963B CN 101883963 B CN101883963 B CN 101883963B CN 2008800071781 A CN2008800071781 A CN 2008800071781A CN 200880007178 A CN200880007178 A CN 200880007178A CN 101883963 B CN101883963 B CN 101883963B
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air
pressure
turbine
stream
booster
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CN101883963A (zh
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A·吉亚尔
P·勒伯特
X·庞顿
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏至少在第一运行模式中从空气生产至少一种气体的方法，辅助涡轮机(27)吸入已经在主交换管路(7)中冷却的空气流的气态部分，所述辅助涡轮机的吸入压力显著大于或等于平均压力，空气的成分的一部分以液态形式作为最终产品而生产，且在第二运行模式中，在所述辅助涡轮机中处理的空气流率减小且作为最终产品的液体的产量减少。

Description

通过低温蒸馏从空气中高度灵活地生产气态和液态形式的气体的方法和设备
背景技术
用于生产液态或气态形式的空气气体(gaz de l’air)的常规方法具有清晰/独特的方法体系。这样具有：
·空气分离设备，该空气分离设备生产在大气压或稍高于大气压下的主要成分(O2、N2、Ar)；
·使用压缩机压缩产品的步骤；
·独立的氮液化循环，该氮液化循环在需要时使得各种成分的全部或一部分以液态形式生产。
此构造允许高度的使用灵活性，这是因为三种执行的“功能”(分离、压缩、液化)中的每一种可独立地执行或停止而不影响其它两个功能的运行。
但是，考虑到这种每项功能需要一种设备的设计的成本很高，这种构造很缺乏竞争力。
最近，称为集成方法的用于生产空气气体的方法具有这样的优点，即它们可将这三种功能结合进单个装备中。包括使空气或也可以是氮膨胀的循环的所谓“泵送”设备允许同一个装备生产受压气态形式和液态形式的空气成分。
在这些方法中，如专利EP-A-0504029或可选的FR-A-2688052所描述的包括分级蒸发以便输送压力下的产品的方法很具有吸引力，这是因为它们允许这些功能由单个高压空气压缩机结合在一起。整体的能量效率与常规方法可比拟/相当，且投资低很多。
但是，生产的灵活性受到“三合一”结合功能的影响，且运行或停止一种功能而不影响整体更加困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于能够结合集成方法的经济的优点而同时保持常规方法的灵活性。
本发明提供一种在塔***中利用低温蒸馏生产至少一种空气气体的方法，该塔***包括在中压下运行的至少一个中压塔和在低压下运行的低压塔，这些塔彼此热联接，且在该塔***中，在第一运行模式和第二运行模式中：
a)全部压缩空气流被升至高压，该高压比所述中压塔的压力高至少5bar，并且在此称为主压力的高压下净化；
b)此主压力可根据需求的产品而改变；
c)至少处于主压力下的所述空气流的第一部分在热交换管路中冷却至中间温度且在至少第一涡轮机中膨胀；
d)在需要时/如有必要，所述空气流的第二部分在至少第二涡轮机(21B)中膨胀，该第二涡轮机的吸入和排出条件与所述第一涡轮机的吸入和排出条件相比压力至多相差5bar，温度至多相差15℃，或者压力和温度相等；
e)在需要时，所述第一涡轮机或第三涡轮机提供的功至少部分用于增压器所需的功；
f)所述第一涡轮机的吸入压力远高于所述中压，且可能高于所述主压力；
g)所述第一涡轮机的排出压力大于或等于所述中压，优选基本等于所述中压；
h)一/所述增压器将空气流的至少一部分压缩至高压，该高压大于或等于在所述热交换管路中冷却至深冷温度(＜-100℃)的主空气的压力，并将增压流返回到所述热交换管路，在该热交换管路中至少一部分在冷端液化且然后在膨胀之后传输到塔***中；
i)使来自塔***的加压液态产品在所述热交换管路中蒸发；且在第一运行模式中：
j)辅助涡轮机吸入已经在主热交换管路中冷却的空气流的气态部分；
k)所述辅助涡轮机的吸入压力大于或基本等于所述主压力，优选比所述主压力至少高2bar abs或基本等于所述主压力；
l)所述辅助涡轮机的排出压力大于或基本等于大气压，优选基本等于所述低压；
m)在所述辅助涡轮机中膨胀的空气流的至少一部分在所述热交换管路中被加热；
n)以液态形式作为最终产品生产空气的一些成分；
并且，在第二运行模式中：
o)和第一运行模式中在所述辅助涡轮机中处理的流相比，在所述辅助涡轮机中处理的空气流率/流量减少，在需要时减少至零，且
p)和第一运行模式中作为最终产品的液体的产量相比，作为最终产品的液体产量减少，在需要时减少至零。
根据其它可选的方面：
-全部涡轮机都通过空气增压器制动；
-至少一个联接于所述涡轮机之一的增压器以环境温度吸入；
-在全部增压器中，仅仅与所述第一涡轮机机械相连的增压器具有低于-100℃的吸入温度；
-所述第一涡轮机的吸入温度和氧的准/伪/假蒸发温度至多相差15℃；
-在第二模式过程中，主进入空气的流率优选地减小一流率，该减小的流率至少等于在第二模式过程中传送到所述辅助涡轮机的空气流率的减少量；
-由压缩机的可变叶轮/叶片提供主空气流率的变化；
-由辅助空气压缩机的启动和/或停止提供主空气流率的变化；
-主空气压力在第一模式和第二模式之间变化；
-所述空气的第一部分在所述第一涡轮机上游被增压至大于所述主压力的压力，使得该空气的第一部分基本上以大于所述主压力的压力进入所述第一涡轮机；
-所述辅助涡轮机的吸入温度高于所述第一涡轮机的吸入温度；
-在所述辅助涡轮机中膨胀的空气被排到大气中。
发明的另一方面提供一种用于冷却和加热用于空气分离塔***的流和来自该空气分离塔***的流的单元，该单元包括热交换管路、第一涡轮机、辅助涡轮机、增压器，该热交换管路包括：
i)至少一个用于接收第一净化空气流的通道，该至少一个用于接收第一净化空气流的通道连接于所述增压器，
ii)至少一个连接于所述增压器的排出部/排出端的通道，该至少一个连接于所述增压器的通道连接于所述第一涡轮机，
iii)至少两个用于接收至少两种被加热的流体(35、37)的通道，
iv)至少一个用于接收第二净化空气流的通道，该至少一个用于接收第二净化空气流的通道连接于所述辅助涡轮机的吸入部/吸入端，且该辅助涡轮机的排出部连接于至少一个用于待加热的空气的通道。
该单元可构造成使得在运行中满足以下条件之一：
i)辅助涡轮机的吸入温度高于第一涡轮机的吸入温度
ii)辅助涡轮机的吸入温度高于增压器的吸入温度
iii)增压器的吸入温度低于第一涡轮机的吸入温度
iv)增压器的排出温度高于第一涡轮机的吸入温度
v)增压器的排出温度高于辅助涡轮机的排出温度。
在此提出上文描述的单机类型的方法的生产灵活性的改进之处：
·通过提供使用类似于EP-A-0504029中描述的方法减少或甚至取消该单元的液体生产的选项；
·或通过提供使用例如FR-A-2688052中描述的方法有效率地生产液体的选项；
·以及通过提供可逆地进行一种或另一种的选项，且在这两种情况下都具有良好的能量效率。
此方法采用已知的蒸馏***(彼此热连接的中压塔和低压塔，如有必要可具有中等/中间压力塔和/或混合塔和/或氩混合塔等)且包括至少两个膨胀涡轮机。
如果两个流率/两股流的压力仅由于压力损失/压降而不同，那么这两个流率处于基本相等的压力下。
被辅助涡轮机吸入的空气流率的气态部分在第一涡轮机和/或第二涡轮机中预先膨胀，可能被传送到中压塔，并且在主热交换管路中被加热/变暖后被传送至辅助涡轮机前从中压塔提取出。
在第一运行模式中，结合了全部最终产品的液态产品的产量构成传输到(所述多个)塔中(或者在仅中压塔被供应空气的情况下传送至该中压塔)的空气流的1％或2％或5％。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细描述本发明，该附图示出能够以本发明的方法运行的空气分离装置。
具体实施方式
在图1中，来自主压缩机的压缩空气流1在增压器3中增压至至少比中压塔的压力高5bar abs的高压，此高压称为主压力。例如，此主压力可在10bar abs和25bar abs之间。在此主压力下，流5随后被净化除去水和二氧化碳(未示出)。全部被增压和净化的空气流5被输送至热交换管路7，在该热交换管路处该空气流5被冷却至温度T1。在此温度下，流5分成两股以形成流9和流11，流9液化且被传输到塔***。流11在温度T1下--该温度T1和加压氧33的蒸发温度至多相差±5℃--离开热交换管路7，并被输送至冷增压器13以产生流15，该流15处于远高于中压且可能高于主压力的压力下。离开冷增压器时处于温度T2的流15在热交换管路7中冷却至高于T1的温度T3。在此温度T3下，流15被分成两股流17、19。流17在涡轮机21中从接近加压氧33的准蒸发温度的温度T3(开始)膨胀。
涡轮机21的吸入压力等于增压器13的排出压力，且因此远高于中压(至少高5bar)且可能高于主压力，(涡轮机21的)排出压力大于或等于中压、优选基本等于中压。膨胀至大于或等于中压、优选基本等于中压的压力下的流作为流25被输送至塔***。流19继续在热交换管路中冷却且以气态形式传送至塔***。
冷增压器13由涡轮机21驱动。
残余的氮流率在热交换管路中被加热。
在泵33中加压的液氧流35在热交换管路7中蒸发。
可选地，来自塔***的不同于液氧的液体被加压、在热交换管路7中蒸发，然后作为加压产品使用。
根据第一运行模式，空气部分25被从主压力下的已净化空气5中提取出并在热交换管路7中冷却。在低于-100℃且高于T2的温度T4下，该部分25被输送至涡轮机27，在该涡轮机27处该部分25膨胀至温度T5以形成空气流29。此空气流在热交换管路中被加热。
液态产品作为最终产品32被从塔***中提取出。在该示例中，该设备的唯一产品是液氧，但是很明显也可以生产其它液体形式的产品。
根据第二运行模式，在辅助涡轮机27中处理的空气流率25减小(可能减少至零)，引入的主空气流1的流率被减小一流率，该减小的流率至少等于传送至辅助涡轮机27的空气流率的减小量，且液体37的产量减小(可能减小至零)。
流1的流率在这两种运行模式之间的这种变化由压缩机的可变叶轮和/或通过辅助空气压缩机的启动和/或停止来提供。
这两种运行模式可形成该设备的仅有的运行模式，或可选地，可以有其它运行模式。
这些可包括在将空气升至主压力的热增压和冷增压之间的压缩步骤(增压器3B)，从而从高于主压力的压力开始进行冷增压。
优选地，涡轮机21由增压器13驱动，且增压器3驱动辅助涡轮机27。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于冷却和加热用于空气分离塔***的流和来自该空气分离塔***的流的单元，该单元包括热交换管路(7)、第一涡轮机(21)、辅助涡轮机(27)、增压器(13)，该热交换管路包括：
i)至少一个用于接收第一净化空气流的通道，该至少一个用于接收第一净化空气流的通道连接于所述增压器的入口，
ii)至少一个连接于所述增压器出口的排出部的通道，该至少一个连接于所述增压器出口的排出部的通道连接于所述第一涡轮机的入口，
iii)至少两个用于接收至少两种被加热的流体(35、37)的通道，
iv)至少一个用于接收第二净化空气流的通道，该至少一个用于接收第二净化空气流的通道连接于所述辅助涡轮机的吸入部，且该辅助涡轮机的排出部连接于至少一个用于待加热的空气的通道，
其特征在于，所述各个通道连接成使得所述辅助涡轮机(27)的吸入温度高于所述第一涡轮机(21)的吸入温度，并且所述辅助涡轮机(27)的吸入温度高于所述增压器(13)的吸入温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其特征在于，该单元构造成在运行中，
所述增压器(13)的吸入温度低于所述第一涡轮机(21)的吸入温度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的单元，其特征在于，该单元构造成，
使得所述增压器(13)的排出温度高于所述第一涡轮机(21)的吸入温度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的单元，其特征在于，
所述增压器(13)的排出温度高于所述辅助涡轮机(27)的排出温度。
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JP2010531424A (ja) 2010-09-24
EP2118601A2 (fr) 2009-11-18
RU2009137758A (ru) 2011-04-20
BRPI0808718B1 (pt) 2019-09-24
JP5032596B2 (ja) 2012-09-26
FR2913759A1 (fr) 2008-09-19
CN101883963A (zh) 2010-11-10
BRPI0808718A2 (pt) 2014-08-12
WO2008129198A3 (fr) 2011-07-07
EP2118601B1 (fr) 2017-12-20
FR2913759B1 (fr) 2013-08-16
RU2479806C2 (ru) 2013-04-20
WO2008129198A2 (fr) 2008-10-30

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