CN102718577A - Special organic culturing substrate capable of preventing and treating diseases for peppers and preparation method of special organic culturing substrate - Google Patents
Special organic culturing substrate capable of preventing and treating diseases for peppers and preparation method of special organic culturing substrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates a special organic culturing substrate capable of preventing and treating diseases for peppers and the preparation method of the special organic culturing substrate. The special organic culturing substrate is prepared from the following raw materials: furfural residues, edible fungus residues, oil residues, saw dust, a microbial fermentation fungicide EM composite fungicide, a trichoderma fungicide and a bacillus fungicide, wherein the bacteria liquid of the trichoderma fungicide has the effective bacteria content of 2X10<8>/g-5X10<8>/g, and the bacteria liquid of the bacillus fungicide has the effective bacteria content of 2X10<9>/g-4X10<9>/g. According to the invention, different organic wastes are compounded, are fermented, decomposed and sterilized, then the trichoderma fungicide and the bacillus fungicide which have the function of preventing and treating diseases of pepper roots are added, compositing is carried out, and finally, the special organic culturing substrate is obtained. The special organic culturing substrate prepared by the preparation method contains a large amount of active trichoderma, bacillus and the metabolic products of the active trichoderma and the bacillus, has an obvious inhibition effect on the diseases of the peppers, and improves the quality and the yield of the peppers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture substrate and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of organic culture substrate of preventing and treating the main disease of capsicum and preparation method thereof belongs to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Capsicum (Chili pepper) is one of vegetable variety of China's various places common cultivated.In recent years, along with the fast development of facility plantation, pepper planting district continuous cropping phenomenon was more and more general, and the disease the lighter who causes because of continuous cropping can make the capsicum underproduction 20%～30%, and heavy person's underproduction brings great financial loss to the green pepper farming 50% or more even total crop failure.
Capsicum root rot, eqpidemic disease, damping-off, southern blight, root knot nematode disease etc. are very common fungal diseases during capsicum produces; For many years; With the chemical prevention is that main measure not only fails to contain the trend that disease rises; But also suppressed the useful microbe in the soil, and cause pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, cause objectionable impurities residual simultaneously.Therefore, the method for seeking safe and effective control pepper diseases is the basis that promotes capsicum production benign development.
The capsicum soilless culture has the plurality of advantages such as controllability of avoiding soil-borne disease insect pest, continuous cropping obstacle and production, is one of important channel that alleviates pepper diseases.But, only depend on the change of planting type also to be difficult to the control morbidity because above-mentioned pepper diseases is mainly propagated with modes such as seed, seedling replantings.Utilizing the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion effect of Trichoderma and genus bacillus, cut off the propagation of the main disease of capsicum and what suppress disease is soilless culture red pepper high-yield, fine important measures through culture substrate, also is to solve one of serious approach that takes place of pepper diseases.
Be fit under the situation in conditions such as temperature; The breeding time of capsicum is longer; Particularly most of soilless culture capsicum all is under facility condition, to carry out; The artificial adjustment of temperature can make its bearing time reach 8-10 months, and output is also higher, and this just need provide good stability, nutritious culture substrate.
CN200410023791.6 provides a kind of preparation and application of fruit and vegetable organic substrate type soilless culture substrate, this disclosure of the Invention two substrate formula: the prescription 1: rice husk: the peat composed of rotten mosses: dried poultrymanure=2: 1: 1 (volume ratio); Prescription 2: rice husk: cotton seed hulls: the peat composed of rotten mosses: dried poultrymanure=1: 1: 1: 1 (volume ratio, cotton seed hulls are the waste material of cultivating edible mushrooms).Fully mix thoroughly by proportioning, when executing water,, kept 7-10 days with 55-60 ℃ of diaphragm seal fermentation to water cut 70-80%.Use the substrate culture fruit and vegetable of above-mentioned prescription, average individual plant substrates quantity is the 10-15 liter.This matrix is staple with rice husk and the discarded cotton seed hulls behind edible fungus culturing, greatly reduces peat composed of rotten mosses consumption, and it is with low cost easily to draw materials, can be used as fertilizer after the use and apply the land for growing field crops, and rich soil, free from environmental pollution.But the organic substrate type soilless culture substrate of this patent document does not have disease-resistant function.
CN 200810139332.2 discloses a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method that overcomes facility soil root knot nematode.The cultivation bed of this kind cultivating method be not with the isolated open soil box of soil, alternative three cultivation medium formulas of this kind cultivating method are by its volume ratio prescription 1: rice husk: fermentation poultry dung: river sand=2: 1: 1; Prescription 2: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: rice husk: river sand=5: 4: 1; Prescription 3: corn or wheat stalk fermentation materials: the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed (or sheep excrement): river sand=4: 1: 1.After having dug soil box by specification, culture substrate is inserted in the groove, can be in cultivation bed vegetables such as field planting tomato, watermelon.The soil root knot nematode can not invaded in the culture substrate that is distributed with the main root system of vegetables, and therefore, this kind method can reduce the harm of facility soil root knot nematode to vegetables.What prevent and treat that root knot nematode disease adopts is engineering method but this patent document is mentioned, but not biological method.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of preventing and treating disease based on biological process and preparation method thereof.
It is composite that the present invention selects different organic wastes to carry out; Make the nutrient of its compound meet capsicum absorption requirement as far as possible; Sterilize behind the fermentation maturity; Add Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent, promptly get culture substrate of the present invention behind the composting certain hour with control capsicum root rot, eqpidemic disease, damping-off and root knot nematode disease function.The a large amount of active Trichoderma, genus bacillus and the meta-bolites thereof that contain in the matrix have the obvious suppression effect to pepper diseases.Through overtesting, obtained good effect.
The term explanation:
Biocontrol microorganisms: be one type and can in host plant, bring out it and produce resistance or secretion antibacterial substance, influence pathogenic bacteria breeding, grow until death; Or, reduce infection rate of pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic mikrobe through antibiosis, competition effect, predation etc.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
Prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease, raw materials quality part is following:
250～350 parts of furfural dregs,
220～300 parts of edible fungi residues,
130～200 parts of the dregs of fat,
200～300 parts of wood chips,
1～3 part of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum,
4～8 parts of Trichoderma microbial inoculums,
4～7 parts of gemma bacillus agents.
Described Trichoderma microbial inoculum is the liquid Trichoderma bacterium liquid of Trichoderma by prior art cultivation, fermentative prepn, and the effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram～5 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram.
Said Trichoderma bacterial classification is selected from trichoderma harziarum (T.harzianum) or viride (T.viride), wherein trichoderma harziarum ACCC30371, trichoderma harziarum ACCC30906, viride ACCC31911 or the viride ACCC30902 of preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center (Agricultural Culture Collection of China english abbreviation ACCC).
Described gemma bacillus agent is the liquid genus bacillus bacterium liquid of genus bacillus by prior art cultivation, fermentative prepn, and the effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram～4 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram.
Said genus bacillus bacterial classification is selected from subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus) or bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus); A kind of among the subtilis CGMCC1.933 of wherein preferred Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center (China General Microbiological Culture Colletion Center english abbreviation CGMCC), subtilis CGMCC1.936, Bacillus sphaericus CGMCC1.929, Bacillus sphaericus CGMCC1.930, bacillus pumilus CGMCC1.937, the bacillus pumilus CGMCC1.938.
Above-mentioned Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent belong to biocontrol fungicide.
Said furfural dregs is that corn cob is that main raw material is made the waste residue in the furfural process.
Described edible fungi residue is a depleted cultivating materials in the Edible Fungi, and staple is cotton seed hulls, crop straw, sawdust, edible fungus mycelium etc.Preferred mushroom cultivation waste material, the base-material staple is cotton seed hulls and corn cob.
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, can select one of them for use, use also capable of being combined.
Described wood chip be in the wood working process waste wood crushed material.Preferably, hardwood sawdust is crossed aperture 3.0mm sieve, and the physical environment held is more than half a year.
Described microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is EM composite fungus agent (EM is the abbreviation of EffectiveMicroorganesms), and it is that 5 sections 10 such as photosynthetic bacteria group, yeast flora, lactobacillus, genus bacillus crowd, mycorhiza flora are belonged to more than 80 kind of mikrobe compound a kind of typing microbial inoculum of cultivating in same state.Be brown translucent liquid, the pH value is between 3.5～4.5.Market is on sale.
According to the present invention, preferred, the special-purpose organic culture substrate raw materials quality of the capsicum part of preventing and treating disease is following:
300～320 parts of furfural dregs,
235～245 parts of edible fungi residues,
150～160 parts of the dregs of fat,
275～285 parts of wood chips,
1.5～2.5 parts of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agents,
4.5～5.5 parts of Trichoderma microbial inoculums,
5.5～6.5 parts of gemma bacillus agents.
Among the preparation method of the special-purpose organic culture substrate of the capsicum that prevents and treats disease of the present invention, relevant Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent by the prior art cultivation, ferment, the present invention provides following concrete operations condition, but is not limited in this.
The preparation method who prevents and treats the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease of the present invention, step is following:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum:
To remove the peel yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boil filtered through gauze 20 minutes; Filtrating 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 20 gram, agar 16 grams, peptone 2 grams again; Potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 1 gram is heated to all the components and dissolves, the packing test tube; Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, makes the test tube slant, and the Trichoderma bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 28 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 3 days.Cultivate to finish the back and be forwarded in the liquid nutrient medium by conventional inoculum size and method, 28 ° of C, 80 back and forth/minute shaking culture 4 days, get seed liquor.Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 5～10wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 6 days under 28 ° of C conditions, get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum; The effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram～5 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram.
Said liquid nutrient medium: peeling yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boiled 20 minutes; Filtered through gauze, 1000 grams that keep the skin wet of filtrating add glucose 20 grams again; Peptone 2 grams, potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 1 gram; Be heated to all the components and dissolve, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure.
(2) preparation of gemma bacillus agent:
Inclined-plane seed: adopt the PDA substratum, will remove the peel yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boiled 20 minutes; Filtered through gauze, 1000 grams that keep the skin wet of filtrating add glucose 20 grams again, agar 18 grams; Be heated to all the components and dissolve, the packing test tube, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure; Make the test tube slant, the genus bacillus bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 30 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 2 days.Get the inclined-plane seed.
Liquid culture based formulas: analysis for soybean powder 5 grams, yeast extract paste 4 grams, peptone 4 grams, glucose 3 grams, Zulkovsky starch 5 grams; Saltpetre 1 gram, lime carbonate 0.5 gram, sodium-chlor 0.5 gram, potassium primary phosphate 0.5 gram; MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.01 gram, water 1000 grams, pH 7.3.Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure.By conventional inoculum size and method the inclined-plane seed is received in the liquid nutrient medium, 30 ° of C, 80 back and forth/minute shaking culture 3 days, seed liquor.Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 5～8wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 4 days under 30 ° of C conditions, get gemma bacillus agent; The effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram～4 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram.
(3) by proportioning, get furfural dregs, edible fungi residue, the dregs of fat, wood chip, the microbial fermentation microbial inoculum mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 55～60wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 5～7 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 4～7 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 27～42 days.Get the organic matter fermentation material.Gained organic matter fermentation material is carried out steam sterilizing, feed steam, temperature rises to 100 ° of C timing, keeps the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 7～10 hours.
(4) by proportioning; Get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum of step (1) preparation, the gemma bacillus agent of step (2) preparation adds in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (3) preparation; Mix, the moisture of adjustment compound is 55～60wt%, and composting is 4～6 days under 28 ° of C～30 ° C conditions; Dry or 35 ° of C～40 ° C are dried to moisture content 27～30wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
The application method of preventing and treating the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease of the present invention:
With this culture substrate cultivating container (basin or geosyncline etc.) of packing into, thickness is 15～25 centimetres, by the ordinary method sowing pepper seed or the capsicum seedling of planting, need not to use chemical pesticide, and other control measures are pressed the common cultivation matrix technology and got final product.
Excellent results of the present invention is following:
1. minimizing disease
Capsicum is one of vegetable variety than susceptible disease, is particularly generally taken place in China various places by fungus-caused disease, and cultivation morbidity more easily has a strong impact on yield of hot pepper and quality under facility condition.The capsicum fungal disease can be propagated through modes such as seed, seedling replantings, so adopt substrate culture also to be difficult to avoid disease to take place.The present invention is added in anti-germ in the culture substrate, has played prophylactic effect, has reduced pepper diseases.
2. protection environment
Chemical pesticide also has toxic except germ is played the killing action to other biology.According to research, effective utilization of chemical pesticide has only about 10%, and major part remains in the environment, and long-term a large amount of the use can threatening environment safety.The present invention prevents and treats that Trichoderma and genus bacillus have good antagonistic activity to the capsicum pathogenic bacteria in the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease, to other Biosafety.
3. physical behavior is good
Because capsicum is longer breeding time; Common organic culture substrate can continue to rot in the course of cultivation, has added wood chip in the matrix of the present invention, and its decomposition difficulty is big; Can in the chili growth process, keep good physical behavior of long period, for chili growth provides good root system environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts.Raw material is explained as follows:
The Trichoderma bacterial classification is: trichoderma harziarum ACCC30906 and viride ACCC30902, and wherein embodiment 1-2 uses ACCC30906, and embodiment 3-4 uses ACCC30902, and Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center buys.
The genus bacillus bacterial classification is: subtilis CGMCC1.936 and Bacillus sphaericus CGMCC1.929, and wherein embodiment 1-2 uses CGMCC1.936, and embodiment 3-4 uses CGMCC1.929, and Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center buys.
Furfural dregs, Henan Hongye Chemical Industry Co., Ltd is that main raw material is made the waste residue in the furfural process with the corn cob.
The dregs of fat are that Shandong wide life limited-liability company produces.Embodiment 1-2 uses the soya-bean oil dregs of fat, and embodiment 3-4 uses the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat.
The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent, and Jiangxi Tianyi Biologic Technology Development Co., Ltd. produces.
Edible fungi residue, the mushroom cultivation waste material, the base-material staple is a cotton seed hulls.
Wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material, crosses aperture 3.0mm sieve, and the physical environment held is more than half a year.
Embodiment 1:
Preventing and treating the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease forms as follows:
Furfural dregs 310kg,
Edible fungi residue 240kg,
Dregs of fat 157kg,
Wood chip 280kg,
Microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent 2kg,
Trichoderma microbial inoculum 5kg,
Gemma bacillus agent 6kg.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum:
To remove the peel yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boil filtered through gauze 20 minutes; Filtrating 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 20 gram, agar 16 grams, peptone 2 grams again; Potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 1 gram is heated to all the components and dissolves, the packing test tube; Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, makes the test tube slant, and the Trichoderma bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 28 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 3 days.Cultivate finishing the back and be forwarded to (it is identical with slant medium fill a prescription, does not just add agar) in the liquid nutrient medium by conventional inoculum size and method, 28 ° of C, 80 be reciprocal/minute shaking culture 4 days, get seed liquor.Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 8wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 6 days under 28 ° of C conditions, get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum.The effective bacterial content of this bacterium liquid is 3.47 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram.
(2) preparation of gemma bacillus agent:
The inclined-plane seed: adopt the PDA substratum, concrete operations are, will remove the peels yam 200 grams, add water 1000 and restrain; Boiled 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, 1000 grams that keep the skin wet of filtrating add glucose 20 grams again; Agar 18 grams are heated to all the components and dissolve, the packing test tube, and sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure; Make the test tube slant, the genus bacillus bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 30 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 2 days.
Fermented liquid: liquid culture based formulas: analysis for soybean powder 5 grams, yeast extract paste 4 grams, peptone 4 grams, glucose 3 grams, Zulkovsky starch 5 grams; Saltpetre 1 gram, lime carbonate 0.5 gram, sodium-chlor 0.5 gram, potassium primary phosphate 0.5 gram; MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.01 gram, water 1000 grams, pH 7.3.Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure.By conventional inoculum size and method the inclined-plane seed is received in the liquid nutrient medium, 30 ° of C, 80 back and forth/minute shaking culture 3 days, seed liquor.Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 7wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 4 days under 30 ° of C conditions, get gemma bacillus agent.The effective bacterial content of this bacterium liquid is 2.91 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram.
(3) get furfural dregs 310kg, edible fungi residue 240kg, dregs of fat 157kg, wood chip 280kg, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum 2kg mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 58wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 6 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 6 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 36 days.Get the organic matter fermentation material.The organic matter fermentation material is put into container, feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ° of C kept the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 10 hours.
(4) get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum 5kg of step (1) preparation, the gemma bacillus agent 6kg of step (2) preparation adds in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (3) preparation; Mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 55wt%; Composting is 6 days under 28 ° of C conditions, dries in the air to moisture content 28wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
Embodiment 2:
Preventing and treating the special-purpose organic culture substrate raw material of capsicum of disease forms as follows:
Furfural dregs 280kg,
Edible fungi residue 280kg,
Dregs of fat 176kg,
Wood chip 250kg,
Microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent 1kg,
Trichoderma microbial inoculum 6kg,
Gemma bacillus agent 7kg.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent is with embodiment 1.
(2) get furfural dregs 280kg, edible fungi residue 280kg, dregs of fat 176kg, wood chip 250kg, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum 1kg mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 60wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 7 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 4 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 33 days.Get the organic matter fermentation material.The organic matter fermentation material is put into container, feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ° of C kept the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 8 hours.
(3) the Trichoderma microbial inoculum 6kg, the gemma bacillus agent 7kg that get step (1) preparation add in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (2) preparation; Mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 60wt%; Composting is 4 days under 30 ° of C conditions, dries in the air to moisture content 30wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
Embodiment 3:
Preventing and treating the special-purpose organic culture substrate raw material of capsicum of disease forms as follows:
Furfural dregs 350kg,
Edible fungi residue 300kg,
Dregs of fat 134kg,
Wood chip 200kg,
Microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent 3kg,
Trichoderma microbial inoculum 8kg,
Gemma bacillus agent 5kg.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent is with embodiment 1, and different is that the Trichoderma kind adopts ACCC30902, and the effective bacterial content of Trichoderma microbial inoculum bacterium liquid is 3.67 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram; Genus bacillus is adopted CGMCC1.929, and the effective bacterial content of gemma bacillus agent bacterium liquid is 2.56 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram.
(2) get furfural dregs 350kg, edible fungi residue 300kg, dregs of fat 134kg, wood chip 200kg, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum 3kg mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 55wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 5 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 5 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 30 days.Get the organic matter fermentation material.The organic matter fermentation material is put into container, feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ° of C kept the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 9 hours.
(3) the Trichoderma microbial inoculum 8kg, the gemma bacillus agent 5kg that get step (1) preparation add in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (2) preparation; Mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 57wt%; Composting is 5 days under 29 ° of C conditions, dries in the air to moisture content 27wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
Embodiment 4:
Preventing and treating the special-purpose organic culture substrate raw material of capsicum of disease forms as follows:
Furfural dregs 250kg,
Edible fungi residue 300kg,
Dregs of fat 200kg,
Wood chip 237kg,
Microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent 2kg,
Trichoderma microbial inoculum 7kg,
Gemma bacillus agent 4kg.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum and gemma bacillus agent is with embodiment 1, and different is that the Trichoderma kind adopts ACCC30902, and the effective bacterial content of Trichoderma microbial inoculum bacterium liquid is 3.67 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram; Genus bacillus is adopted CGMCC1.929, and the effective bacterial content of gemma bacillus agent bacterium liquid is 2.56 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram.
(2) get furfural dregs 250kg, edible fungi residue 300kg, dregs of fat 200kg, wood chip 237kg, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum 2kg mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 57wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 7 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 7 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 42 days.Get the organic matter fermentation material.The organic matter fermentation material is put into container, feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ° of C kept the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 7 hours.
(3) the Trichoderma microbial inoculum 7kg, the gemma bacillus agent 4kg that get step (1) preparation add in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (2) preparation; Mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 58wt%; Composting is 4 days under 29 ° of C conditions, dries in the air to moisture content 29wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
Comparative Examples: the coventional type culture substrate, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, mainly be the organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed with vermiculite with 2: 1 mass ratioes are mixed must.Organic matter raw material is Xylitol slag and the furfural dregs compsn with 1: 1 mass ratio.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is following:
Test place: the county that conquers east, Shandong Province, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. test farm.
Test period: year May in August, 2011 to 2012.
Supply the examination capsicum variety: Shouguang goat's horn is yellow.
The cultivation of employing geosyncline, 25 centimetres of groove depths, long 800 centimetres, wide 40 centimetres, every groove plantation 2 row, the interval is 60 centimetres between two grooves.If embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples be totally 5 processing, each handles plantation 2 grooves, triplicate.The culture substrate of embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples is placed in the cultivation bed, and culture substrate thickness is 20 centimetres, and by the ordinary method capsicum seedling of planting, various management are undertaken by routine.Effect is seen table 1.
Table 1. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| Culture substrate of the present invention | Output increases % | Sickness rate reduces % |
| Embodiment 1 | 11.3 | 60.1 |
| Embodiment 2 | 9.6 | 51.2 |
| Embodiment 3 | 10.5 | 57.0 |
| Embodiment 4 | 8.4 | 49.3 |
Claims (5)
1. prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease, it is characterized in that raw materials quality part is following:
250～350 parts of furfural dregs,
220～300 parts of edible fungi residues,
130～200 parts of the dregs of fat,
200～300 parts of wood chips,
1～3 part of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum,
4～8 parts of Trichoderma microbial inoculums,
4～7 parts of gemma bacillus agents.
Described Trichoderma microbial inoculum is the liquid Trichoderma bacterium liquid of Trichoderma by prior art cultivation, fermentative prepn, and the effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram～5 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram; Said Trichoderma bacterial classification is selected from trichoderma harziarum (T.harzianum) or viride (T.viride);
Described gemma bacillus agent is the liquid genus bacillus bacterium liquid of genus bacillus by prior art cultivation, fermentative prepn, and the effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram～4 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram; Said genus bacillus bacterial classification is selected from subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus) or bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus);
Described microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent.
2. the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of preventing and treating disease as claimed in claim 1, its characteristic is following raw materials quality part:
300～320 parts of furfural dregs,
235～245 parts of edible fungi residues,
150～160 parts of the dregs of fat,
275～285 parts of wood chips,
1.5～2.5 parts of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agents,
4.5～5.5 parts of Trichoderma microbial inoculums,
5.5～6.5 parts of gemma bacillus agents.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the special-purpose organic culture substrate of the capsicum that prevents and treats disease is characterized in that said Trichoderma bacterial classification is selected from trichoderma harziarum ACCC30371, trichoderma harziarum ACCC30906, viride ACCC31911 or viride ACCC30902.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the special-purpose organic culture substrate of the capsicum that prevents and treats disease is characterized in that the genus bacillus bacterial classification is selected from a kind of among subtilis CGMCC1.933, subtilis CGMCC1.936, Bacillus sphaericus CGMCC1.929, Bacillus sphaericus CGMCC1.930, bacillus pumilus CGMCC1.937, the bacillus pumilus CGMCC1.938.
5. the preparing methods of claim 1 or the special-purpose organic culture substrate of the 2 described capsicums that prevent and treat disease, step is following:
(1) preparation of Trichoderma microbial inoculum:
To remove the peel yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boil filtered through gauze 20 minutes; Filtrating 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 20 gram, agar 16 grams, peptone 2 grams again; Potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 1 gram is heated to all the components and dissolves, the packing test tube; Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, makes the test tube slant, and the Trichoderma bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 28 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 3 days; Cultivate to finish the back and be forwarded in the liquid nutrient medium by conventional inoculum size and method, 28 ° of C, 80 back and forth/minute shaking culture 4 days, get seed liquor; Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 5～10wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 6 days under 28 ° of C conditions, get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum; The effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram～5 ╳ 10
8Individual/gram;
Said liquid nutrient medium: peeling yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boiled 20 minutes; Filtered through gauze, 1000 grams that keep the skin wet of filtrating add glucose 20 grams again; Peptone 2 grams, potassium primary phosphate 2 grams, MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 1 gram; Be heated to all the components and dissolve, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure;
(2) preparation of gemma bacillus agent:
Inclined-plane seed: adopt the PDA substratum, will remove the peel yam 200 grams, add water 1000 grams, boiled 20 minutes; Filtered through gauze, 1000 grams that keep the skin wet of filtrating add glucose 20 grams again, agar 18 grams; Be heated to all the components and dissolve, the packing test tube, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure; Make the test tube slant, the genus bacillus bacterial classification is inserted in the cooling back, is placed in 30 ° of C constant incubators and cultivates 2 days; Get the inclined-plane seed;
Liquid culture based formulas: analysis for soybean powder 5 grams, yeast extract paste 4 grams, peptone 4 grams, glucose 3 grams, Zulkovsky starch 5 grams; Saltpetre 1 gram, lime carbonate 0.5 gram, sodium-chlor 0.5 gram, potassium primary phosphate 0.5 gram; MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5 0.5 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.01 gram, water 1000 grams, pH 7.3; Sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure; By conventional inoculum size and method the inclined-plane seed is received in the liquid nutrient medium, 30 ° of C, 80 back and forth/minute shaking culture 3 days, seed liquor; Again the inoculum size of seed liquor with 5～8wt% inserted in the liquid nutrient medium, in fermentor tank, cultivated 4 days under 30 ° of C conditions, get gemma bacillus agent; The effective bacterial content of bacterium liquid is 2 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram～4 ╳ 10
9Individual/gram;
(3) by proportioning, get furfural dregs, edible fungi residue, the dregs of fat, wood chip, the microbial fermentation microbial inoculum mixes.The moisture of adjustment compound is 55～60wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed.Temperature rises to 55 ° of C timing, keeps 5～7 days.Turning, temperature rise to 50 ° of C timing once more, keep 4～7 days.So operation repeats 2 times again, ferments altogether 27～42 days, gets the organic matter fermentation material; Gained organic matter fermentation material is carried out steam sterilizing, feed steam, temperature rises to 100 ° of C timing, keeps the organic matter fermentation material of must sterilizing 7～10 hours;
(4) by proportioning; Get the Trichoderma microbial inoculum of step (1) preparation, the gemma bacillus agent of step (2) preparation adds in the sterilization organic matter fermentation material of step (3) preparation; Mix, the moisture of adjustment compound is 55～60wt%, and composting is 4～6 days under 28 ° of C～30 ° C conditions; Dry or 35 ° of C～40 ° C are dried to moisture content 27～30wt%, must prevent and treat the special-purpose organic culture substrate of capsicum of disease.
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