CN102683891A - Highly-oriented metamaterial antenna - Google Patents
Highly-oriented metamaterial antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102683891A CN102683891A CN201110061802XA CN201110061802A CN102683891A CN 102683891 A CN102683891 A CN 102683891A CN 201110061802X A CN201110061802X A CN 201110061802XA CN 201110061802 A CN201110061802 A CN 201110061802A CN 102683891 A CN102683891 A CN 102683891A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a highly-oriented metamaterial antenna, comprising a radiator, a first metamaterial and a second metamaterial, wherein the radiator, the first metamaterial and the second metamaterial are oppositely arranged in sequence; the first metamaterial is in a section; the product between the effective dielectric constant Epsilon and the effective permeability mu of all units at the middle part of the section is the lowest value; the product value between the effective dielectric constant Epsilon and the effective permeability mu of the other units is in a gradient trend from big to small; the gradient trend is close to the unit with the lowest value; the second metamaterial is in a section, the product between the effective dielectric constant Epsilon and the effective permeability mu of all units at the middle part of the section is the highest value; the product value between the effective dielectric constant Epsilon and the effective permeability mu of the other units is in a gradient trend from small to big; and the gradient trend is close to the unit with the highest value. The highly-oriented metamaterial antenna disclosed by the invention is small in size, simple, easy in implementation and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to the ultra material antenna of a kind of high orientation.
Background technology
At present, for electromagnetic orientation, utilize directional antenna to accomplish, lens antenna commonly used is reached.In optics, utilize lens to make and be placed on the spherical wave that the point-source of light on the lens focus gives off, through becoming plane wave after the lens refraction.Lens antenna utilizes this principles to form, and it is made up of lens and the radiator that is placed on the lens focus.
Prior art is a problem that is difficult to overcome for the high directional antenna of realizing antenna always; The general volume of existing directional antenna is bigger; Utilize to reach high directed purpose being concerned with of phase place, and the complex process of its manufacturing lens, precision is not high; For shape very big dependence is arranged, the use that be difficult to carry out that design flexible, loss are very big, medium easy ageing, cost are higher, is unfavorable for miniaturization.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, and is big to the volume of the realization directional antenna of prior art, design is dumb and defectives such as cost height, provide a kind of volume little, simple, be easy to realize and high directed ultra material antenna that cost is low.
The present invention solves first technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: the ultra material antenna of a kind of high orientation; Comprise radiator, the first surpass material and the second surpass material; Said radiator and said the first surpass material and the second surpass material relatively order be provided with; There is a section in the said material that the first surpasses, and the effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are minimum, and the effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from big to small; And its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said minimum place; There is a section in the said material that the second surpasses; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are peak; The effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from small to large; And its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said peak place.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, said ultra material is made up of plate shape substrates, all is attached with a plurality of artificial micro-structurals on each plate shape substrates, and all artificial micro-structurals form periodic array in the space.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, said ultra material is piled up by a plurality of plate shape substrates and forms, and said all artificial micro-structurals are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, under the selected situation of base material, the effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ that want through pattern, design size and/or artificial micro-structural the arranging acquisition in the space that changes artificial micro-structural.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, said plate shape substrates is made by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural be one have pattern attached to the metal wire on the plate shape substrates, described pattern is the derivative type of " worker " font or " worker " font.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, the method for said metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion quarter is attached on the plate shape substrates.
In high directed ultra material antenna of the present invention, said metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
The high directed ultra material antenna of embodiment of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simple, be easy to realize, low cost, electromagnetic wave dispersed and converged through ultra material, do not rely on the kind and the shape of electromagnetic wave orientation equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the ultra material antenna structure of a kind of high orientation of a first embodiment of the invention block diagram;
Fig. 2 the first surpasses material 20 structural representations in the first embodiment of the invention;
The name that each label is corresponding among the figure is called:
1 base material, 2 artificial micro-structurals, 10 radiators, 11 plate shape substrates, 20 the first surpass material, the second surpass material 30.
Embodiment
By specifying technology contents of the present invention, structural feature, realized purpose and effect, give explanation below in conjunction with execution mode and conjunction with figs. are detailed.
" ultra material " is meant artificial composite structure or the composite material that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.Structurally ordered design through on the key physical yardstick of material can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtains to exceed the meta-materials function of the intrinsic common character of nature.Three key characters that " ultra material " is important:
(1) " ultra material " the composite material that normally has novel artificial structure;
(2) " ultra material " has extraordinary physical property (not available in the natural often material);
(3) " ultra material " character does not often depend mainly on the intrinsic properties of constituent material, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
See also Fig. 1, in instance one of the present invention, the ultra material antenna of a kind of high orientation comprises: radiator 10, ultra material 20 and ultra material 30.Radiator 10 and the first surpass material 20 and the second surpass material 30 relatively order be provided with; The first surpass material 20 and have a section; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are minimum; The effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from big to small, and its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said minimum place; There is a section in the said material 30 that the second surpasses; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are peak; The effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from small to large; And its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said peak place.The actual product of doing can encapsulate it; Can find out that by Fig. 1 the electromagnetic wave that is given off by radiator 10 is during through ultra material 20, be transmitted into after dispersing by ultra material 20 and the second surpass on the material 30; Launch with the form of plane wave after material 30 converges by the second surpassing, increased the directivity of antenna.
Can know that by common practise the reaction of the product of the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of electromagnetic refractive index material and magnetic permeability μ has relation, when a branch of electromagnetic wave is propagated into other a kind of medium by a kind of medium; Electromagnetic wave can reflect; And the big more position deviation angle of refractive index is big more, and when the inner refraction index profile of material was non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will be to the bigger position deviation of refractive index ratio; Through changing the distribution of refractive index in material, can change the electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Ultra material can be to electric field or magnetic field, and perhaps both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of ultra material is depended in the response of electric field, and the magnetic permeability μ of ultra material is depended in the response in magnetic field.Through to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of every bit in the ultra material space and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize converging electromagnetic through ultra material.
Even or the heterogeneous distribution of the electromagnetic parameter of ultra material in the space is one of key character of ultra material.A kind of special shape that evenly be distributed as non-uniform Distribution of electromagnetic parameter in the space, but its concrete property, the characteristic that remains by each cellular construction of arranging in the space determines.Therefore, through the characteristic of each structure of arranging in the design space, just can design the electromagnetic property of whole novel ultra material every bit in the space.This electromagnetic material system will have numerous unusual characteristics, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
See also Fig. 2; As one embodiment of the present of invention, the first surpass material 20 (the second surpass material 30 structure functions, below only the second to surpass material explanation) by base material 1 and be attached to the plate shape substrates 11 that some artificial metal's micro-structurals 2 of base material 1 form and process all with the first to surpass material identical; Among Fig. 2; A plurality of plate shape substrates 11 pile up to form and the first surpass material 20, all are attached with a plurality of artificial micro-structurals 2 on each plate shape substrates 11, and all artificial micro-structurals 2 form periodic array in the space.Preferably, all artificial micro-structurals 2 are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space, and artificial micro-structural 2 is artificial metal micro structure, so that electromagnetic field responds more efficiently.
Among Fig. 2, the said material 20 that the first surpasses is actually by a plurality of plate shape substrates 11 and piles up along the vertical direction of horizontal plane.Therefore, can only see the one of which side among Fig. 2.We can be clearly seen that ultra material 20 is to be piled up by a plurality of plate shape substrates 11 to be formed with certain thickness square objects.Actual when doing product, can also encapsulate it, make and can't see artificial micro-structural from the outside.
We can be divided into a plurality of unit with the whole material 20 that the first surpasses, can be identical with " lattice " area size, and each unit all has an artificial micro-structural; Whole ultra material 20 is exactly to be composed of multiple units; Each unit all can produce response to the electromagnetic wave through it, thus the refractive index of the plane electromagnetic wave that influence is propagated therein, and through behind the special time t; Electromagnetic refraction receives additive effect; Thereby make and compare with the direction of original propagation when said electromagnetic wave leaves ultra material through t after the time, disperse to the edge gradually, realized being sent to after electromagnetic the dispersing and the second surpass material 30.
Realize the effect that electromagnetic wave is dispersed, then the first surpassing material 20 needs to have a section, and it is minimum that this section has each unit refractive index of a place along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; Other everywhere adjacent refractive index is increase tendency gradually from big to small, and to the position at minimum place near, preferably; The first surpassing the effective dielectric constant ε of relative each unit, middle part, position of material 20 and radiator 10 and the product of equivalent permeability μ is minimum; Other effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ product value everywhere is gradual change trend from big to small, and its said gradual change trend is to each position, unit convergence at said minimum place; Based on this; Electromagnetic wave beam, to the refraction of the position at high value place, is dispersed to the high place of refractive index when the first surpassing material 20 through above-mentioned gradually.
Realize the effect that electromagnetic wave converges, then the second surpassing material 30 needs to have a section, and it is peak that this section has each unit refractive index of a place along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; Other everywhere adjacent refractive index is increase tendency gradually from small to large, and to the position at peak place near, preferably; The second surpass material 30 and the first surpass the effective dielectric constant ε of relative each unit, middle part, position of material 20 and the product of equivalent permeability μ is a peak; Other effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ product value everywhere is gradual change trend from small to large, and its said gradual change trend is to each position, unit convergence at said peak place; Based on this; When the second surpassing material 30, converge to the position at peak place gradually by the position refraction to said peak place through above-mentioned for electromagnetic wave beam; As can be seen from Figure 1, the electromagnetic wave of dispersing sends with the form of plane wave again.
The first surpass material 20 (the second surpass material 30 structural principles with the first surpass material 20 identical) and be and a kind ofly be elementary cell and carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response, comprise the base material 1 that the artificial micro-structural 2 that is made up of the wire with certain pattern form and artificial micro-structural are adhered to ad hoc fashion with artificial micro-structural 2.The stack meeting of these two kinds of materials produces an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability in the space, these two physical parameters the are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of material monolithic.The characteristic that the first surpasses 20 pairs of electromagnetic responses of material is that the characteristic by artificial micro-structural 2 determines, and topological characteristic and " lattice " size that the electromagnetic response of metal structure unit depends on its pattern wiry to a great extent and had.
The notion of " lattice " is from solid-state physics, and " lattice " here is meant the shared size in each metal structure unit in the first surpassing material 20." lattice " size depends on the wave frequency that the metal structure unit need respond; Usually the metal structure unit be of a size of required response electromagnetic wavelength 1/10th, otherwise can not be regarded as in the space continuously by being arranged in of being formed of metal structure unit in the space.
The artificial micro-structural 2 of some manual works is through being realized by the artificial technology; Can be designed the artificial micro-structural with certain electric magnetic characteristic by manual work, the effective dielectric constant ε of the base material in artificial micro-structural 2 and occupied " lattice " and the system of selection of equivalent permeability μ are:
The first step; Through Computer Simulation and experiment test; Cellular construction (comprising artificial micro-structural and medium substrate) electromagnetic property within the specific limits to some various geometric is measured; The electromagnetic response curve that measures of storage is confirmed the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of various cellular construction and is present in the database;
Second step; The first to surpass material 20 is example; Deflection refractive index is as required confirmed corresponding dielectric constant and magnetic permeability; Require: there is a minimum in the product of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, and the product of other dielectric constant and magnetic permeability is variation tendency from big to small, levels off to minimum; (the second surpass material 30 in contrast)
In the 3rd step, from database, select the cellular construction of ultra material respective point according to above-mentioned dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Among the present invention, the concrete pattern of artificial micro-structural 2 is not required, because it is as long as it meets our final modulation effect, promptly feasible.Generally speaking, artificial micro-structural is periodic array in the space, and preferably, all artificial micro-structurals are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space.Artificial micro-structural 2 can be " worker " font, " king " font etc., and Given this, the combination of artificial micro-structural 2 on ultra material space modulator is unlimited.The pattern that can be artificial micro-structural is identical, but its design size is different; Also can be that pattern and design size are all inequality.This can be different according to concrete needs; All be the result after the Computer Simulation, that is to say that pattern, design size and the spatial arrangement of artificial micro-structural in the whole ultra material space modulator all obtains through computer is reverse, because the quantity of artificial micro-structural is huge in the whole ultra material space modulator; If therefore forward design can't realize at all.
Those skilled in the art should expect, above-mentioned method is that the method with software program realizes that this software program may reside in hard disk, floppy disk, USB flash disk and the CD.
Said base material 1 of the present invention can be made by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.As an embodiment, select for use polytetrafluoroethylene to process base material 1, the electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good; Therefore can not produce and disturb electromagnetic electric field; And have excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material that adheres to as artificial micro-structural 2 is good selection, as an embodiment; Said metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line; Copper conducts electricity very well with silver, and is sensitive more to the response of electric field, metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or the method at particle quarter attached on the plate shape substrates.
The present invention utilizes ultra material to substitute the lens in the conventional lenses antenna, has following useful technique effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simple, be easy to realize, low cost, through ultra material electromagnetic wave is converged, do not rely on the kind and the shape of electromagnetic wave convergence device.
Combine accompanying drawing that embodiments of the invention are described above; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is schematically, rather than restrictive; Those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; Not breaking away under the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. ultra material antenna of high orientation; It is characterized in that; Comprise radiator, the first surpass material and the second surpass material, said radiator and said the first surpass material and the second surpass material relatively order be provided with, there is a section in the said material that the first surpasses; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are minimum; The effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from big to small, and its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said minimum place; There is a section in the said material that the second surpasses; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit, middle part of said section and the product of equivalent permeability μ are peak; The effective dielectric constant ε of other each unit and equivalent permeability μ product value are gradual change trend from small to large; And its said gradual change trend is to the unit convergence at said peak place.
2. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that said ultra material is made up of plate shape substrates, all is attached with a plurality of artificial micro-structurals on each plate shape substrates, and all artificial micro-structurals form periodic array in the space.
3. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that said ultra material is piled up by a plurality of plate shape substrates and forms, and said all artificial micro-structurals are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space.
4. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Under the selected situation of base material, obtain the effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ that want through pattern, design size and/or artificial micro-structural the arranging in the space that changes artificial micro-structural.
5. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that said plate shape substrates is made by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
6. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural be one have pattern attached to the metal wire on the plate shape substrates, described pattern is the derivative type of " worker " font or " worker " font.
7. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the method for said metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion quarter is attached on the plate shape substrates.
8. high directed ultra material antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that said metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
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| CN201110061802.XA CN102683891B (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2011-03-15 | Highly-oriented metamaterial antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104681927A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Antenna |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104681927A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-03 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Antenna |
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