CN102683870B - Metamaterial for diverging electromagnetic wave - Google Patents
Metamaterial for diverging electromagnetic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN102683870B CN102683870B CN201110061868.9A CN201110061868A CN102683870B CN 102683870 B CN102683870 B CN 102683870B CN 201110061868 A CN201110061868 A CN 201110061868A CN 102683870 B CN102683870 B CN 102683870B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metamaterial for diverging electromagnetic wave, comprising a medium substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures, wherein the medium substrate is divided into a plurality of crystal lattices; the artificial microstructures are arranged in the crystal lattices; the metamaterial exists in more than one section; if the artificial microstructures and the medium substrate exist in the middle part of the section, the product of the equivalent dielectric constant epsilon Xi of the medium substrate and the equivalent magnetic conductivity Mu of the artificial microstructures is the minimum value; if the medium substrate exist in the middle part of the section, the product of the equivalent dielectric constant epsilon Xi and the equivalent magnetic conductivity Mu of the medium substrate is the minimum value, and the product of the equivalent dielectric constant epsilon Xi and the equivalent magnetic conductivity Mu in other sections is increased gradually from the middle part. The metamaterial for the diverging electromagnetic wave is small in size, simple and is easy to achieve and low in cost and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Meta Materials field, more particularly, relate to a kind of Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple.
Background technology
At present, Meta Materials (metamaterial) is as a kind of design of material theory and study frontier, more and more cause the concern of people, so-called Meta Materials, refer to some artificial composite structures with the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material or composite material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, the restriction of some apparent natural law can be broken through, thus acquisition exceeds the intrinsic common meta-materials function of nature.
" Meta Materials " that develop so far comprising: " left-handed materials ", photonic crystal, " super magnetic material " etc., the intrinsic properties of Meta Materials character often not major decision and constituent material, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
Realize electromagnetic index of dispersing main concern the following aspects:
1) high-performance.Electromagnetic dispersing should have higher performance, close to required divergent state.
2) low-loss.There is higher energy spread efficiency, to realize the target of saving energy and reduce the cost.
3) size is little.Do not take too much space.
In addition, electromagnetic divergent method should be easy to realize, and design should be too not complicated, and device cost should be not too high.
Meta Materials is made up of media substrate and the multiple metal micro structures arranged on upper base material, can provide the material behavior that various common material has and do not have.Single metal micro-structural size is generally less than 1/10 wavelength, and it has electroresponse and/or magnetic response to extra electric field and/or magnetic field, thus has and show effective dielectric constant and/or equivalent permeability, or equivalent refractive index and wave impedance.The effective dielectric constant of metal micro structure and equivalent permeability (or equivalent refractive index and wave impedance) are determined by cell geometry dimensional parameters, can artificially design and control.Further, metal micro structure can have the electromagnetic parameter of artificial design, thus produces the phenomenon of many novelties, provides possibility for realizing electromagnetic dispersing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provide a kind of volume little, simple, be easy to realize and the low Meta Materials dispersed electromagnetic wave of cost.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the Meta Materials constructing a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple, comprise: medium substrate and some man-made microstructure, described medium substrate is divided into some lattices, described man-made microstructure is placed in described lattice, there is more than one section in described Meta Materials, if some man-made microstructure and medium substrate in the middle part of described section, the product of described some man-made microstructure and described medium substrate effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ is minimum, or, if medium substrate in the middle part of described section, the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of described medium substrate itself and the product of magnetic permeability μ are minimum, other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are from small to large in gradual change trend from middle.
In the Meta Materials of a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple of the present invention, described man-made microstructure is uniformly distributed in periodicity in described lattice.
In the Meta Materials of a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple of the present invention, described effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ is by when medium substrate is selected, obtain numerical value by changing the pattern of man-made microstructure, design size and/or man-made microstructure arrangement in space by emulating, described pattern is the derivative type of " work " font or " work " font.
In the Meta Materials of a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple of the present invention, described man-made microstructure is attached to the metal wire on medium substrate, and described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
In the Meta Materials of a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple of the present invention, described metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or particle quarter method be attached on medium substrate.
In the Meta Materials of a kind of divergent electromagnetic ripple of the present invention, described medium substrate is obtained by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
Implement divergent electromagnetic ripple Meta Materials of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simply, be easy to realization, low cost, by Meta Materials, electromagnetic wave dispersed, do not rely on kind and the shape of electromagnetic wave divergent equipment;
3. be with a wide range of applications, Meta Materials by dispersing electromagnetic, so can make electromagnetic wave transfer to from a direction another one direction, can divergent electromagnetic wave-wave bundle, can be used for generating various unusual phenomenon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of electromagnetic wave divergent metamaterial structure of first embodiment of the invention block diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of electromagnetic wave divergent metamaterial structure of second embodiment of the invention block diagram;
Fig. 3 is another electromagnetic wave divergent metamaterial structure block diagram of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is another electromagnetic wave divergent metamaterial structure block diagram of second embodiment of the invention;
The name that in figure, each label is corresponding is called:
10 medium substrates, 20 man-made microstructure.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, realized object and effect, accompanying drawing is coordinated to be explained in detail below in conjunction with execution mode.
The DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of electromagnetic refractive index material and the product of magnetic permeability μ have relation, when a branch of electromagnetic wave by a kind of Medium Propagation to another medium time, electromagnetic wave can reflect, and the larger position deviation angle of refractive index is larger, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by changing refractive index distribution in the material, will can change electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Meta Materials can to electric field or magnetic field, or both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The response of electric field is depended on to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of Meta Materials, and the response in magnetic field is depended on to the magnetic permeability μ of Meta Materials.By to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of every bit in Meta Materials space and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize being dispersed electromagnetic by Meta Materials.
The electromagnetic parameter even or distribution heterogeneous in space of Meta Materials is one of key character of Meta Materials.The electromagnetic parameter a kind of special shape be uniformly distributed as non-uniform Distribution in space, but its concrete property, remain and determined by the characteristic of the unit structure arranged in space.Therefore, by the characteristic of each structure arranged in design space, the electromagnetic property of whole Novel meta-material every bit in space just can be designed.This electromagnetic material system will have numerous Strange properties, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, in example one of the present invention, a kind of Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple, comprise: medium substrate 10 and some man-made microstructure 20, wherein, some man-made microstructure 20 are attached on medium substrate 10, according to the electromagnetic wavelength X that will disperse, metal substrate 20 can be divided into some lattices, its length and width can not exceed 1/10 of wavelength X, and some man-made microstructure 20 are placed in lattice.The parallel incidence of electromagnetic wave in FIG, when electromagnetic wave is by described Meta Materials, by in the middle part of section be some man-made microstructure 20 with medium substrate 10 assembly time, some man-made microstructure 20 is minimum with the product of medium substrate 10 effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ, and other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are be gradual change trend from small to large from middle.If a branch of electromagnetic wave is by above-mentioned Meta Materials, the phenomenon that light beam becomes large can occur, that is, each wave band of this bundle electromagnetic wave inside all deflects to the place that refractive index is high from middle, thus achieves electromagnetic dispersing, and electromagnetic wave light beam becomes large.
Similar, in figure 3, electromagnetic wave is incident with the trend of set, by in the middle part of section being some man-made microstructure 20 and medium substrate 10, some man-made microstructure 20 are minimum with the product of medium substrate 10 effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ, other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are from small to large in gradual change trend from middle, each wave band of electromagnetic wave inside all deflects to the place that refractive index is high from middle, therefore the electromagnetic wave of set trend is gradually dispersed to middle part, last parallel launch is gone out, from macroscopic view, electromagnetic wave light beam has become greatly again.
Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, in embodiments of the invention two, a kind of Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple, comprise: medium substrate 10 and some man-made microstructure 20, most is identical for structure and embodiment, unlike: leave space between some man-made microstructure 20, in fig. 2, electromagnetic wave is incident in a parallel manner, during by described Meta Materials, by in the middle part of section being medium substrate 10 itself, the product of medium substrate 10 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ is minimum, other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are from small to large in gradual change trend from middle.If a branch of electromagnetic wave is by above-mentioned Meta Materials, the phenomenon that light beam becomes large can occur, that is: each wave band of this bundle electromagnetic wave inside all deflects to the place that refractive index is high from middle, thus achieves electromagnetic dispersing.
Similar, in the diagram, electromagnetic wave is incident in the mode of set, during by described Meta Materials, by in the middle part of section being medium substrate 10 itself, the product of medium substrate 10 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ is minimum, other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are from small to large in gradual change trend from middle, each wave band of electromagnetic wave inside all deflects to the place that refractive index is high from middle, therefore the electromagnetic wave of set trend is gradually dispersed to middle part, last parallel launch is gone out, and from macroscopic view, electromagnetic wave light beam has become greatly again.
Man-made microstructure 20 is in being periodically uniformly distributed as preferably selecting in described lattice, and man-made microstructure 20 is attached to the metal wire on medium substrate 10, and its size can not exceed the lattice of medium substrate 10, and described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.Metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or particle quarter method be attached on medium substrate 10.Medium substrate 10 is obtained by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene, depending on actual conditions, the medium substrate stacked combination of multiple man-made microstructure can be encapsulated, and also can be separated by arrange every a lattice is encapsulated, to reach the effect wanted.
Some artificial man-made microstructure 20 are by being realized by artificial technology, can be designed by the artificial man-made microstructure to having certain electric magnetic characteristic, for man-made microstructure 20 and the effective dielectric constant ε of medium substrate 10 and the size method for designing of equivalent permeability μ product value as follows:
The first step, by Computer Simulation and experiment test, cellular construction (comprising man-made microstructure and the medium substrate) electromagnetic property within the specific limits of some various geometric is measured, store and measure the electromagnetic response curve that obtains, determine the dielectric constant of various different cellular construction and magnetic permeability and be stored in a database;
Second step, deflection refractive index as required determines corresponding dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, requires: the product of dielectric constant and magnetic permeability is little of large gradual change trend;
3rd step, selects the cellular construction of Meta Materials respective point from database according to above-mentioned dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
In the present invention, to the concrete pattern not requirement of man-made microstructure 2, as long as because it meets our final modulation effect, namely feasible.Generally, man-made microstructure is in space in periodic array, and preferably, all people make the periodic array of micro-structural in space in uniformity.Man-made microstructure 2 can be " work " font, and " king " font etc., Given this, the combination of man-made microstructure 2 in metamaterial space modulator is unlimited.The pattern that can be man-made microstructure is identical, but its design size is different; Also can be that pattern is all not identical with design size.This according to specific needs can be different, it is all the result after Computer Simulation, that is in whole metamaterial space modulator, the pattern of man-made microstructure, design size and spatial arrangement all obtain by computer is reverse, because the substantial amounts of man-made microstructure in whole metamaterial space modulator, if therefore Top-Down Design, cannot realize at all.
Those skilled in the art should expect, above-mentioned method realizes by the method for software program, and this software program may reside in hard disk, floppy disk, USB flash disk and CD.
Described base material 1 of the present invention can be obtained by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.As an embodiment, select polytetrafluoroethylene to make base material 1, the electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good, therefore can not produce interference to electromagnetic electric field, and have excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material adhered to as man-made microstructure 2 is good selection, as an embodiment, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line, and copper conducts electricity very well with silver, sensitiveer to the response of electric field.
The present invention utilizes the ordered arrangement of man-made microstructure, by to the effective dielectric constant ε of medium substrate and man-made microstructure and the product non-uniform Distribution of equivalent permeability μ, what realize the refraction index profile of material is little of large gradual change trend, thus reaches the effect of electromagnetic wave divergent.
Implement divergent electromagnetic ripple Meta Materials of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
2. simply, be easy to realization, low cost, by Meta Materials, electromagnetic wave dispersed, do not rely on kind and the shape of electromagnetic wave divergent equipment;
3. be with a wide range of applications, Meta Materials by dispersing electromagnetic, so can make electromagnetic wave transfer to from a direction another one direction, can divergent electromagnetic wave-wave bundle, can be used for generating various unusual phenomenon.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Meta Materials of a divergent electromagnetic ripple, it is characterized in that, comprise: medium substrate and some man-made microstructure, described medium substrate is divided into some lattices, described man-made microstructure is placed in described lattice, described man-made microstructure is uniformly distributed in periodicity in described lattice, there is more than one section in described Meta Materials, it is medium substrate in the middle part of described section, the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of described medium substrate itself and the product of magnetic permeability μ are minimum, other effective dielectric constant ε everywhere and equivalent permeability μ product value are from small to large in gradual change trend from middle.
2. the Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ is by when medium substrate is selected, obtain numerical value by changing the pattern of man-made microstructure, design size and/or man-made microstructure arrangement in space by emulating, described pattern is the derivative type of " work " font or " work " font.
3. the Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described man-made microstructure is the metal wire be attached on medium substrate, and described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
4. the Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, the method at electronics quarter or ion quarter be attached on medium substrate.
5. the Meta Materials of divergent electromagnetic ripple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described medium substrate is obtained by ceramic material, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.
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| CN102683870B true CN102683870B (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101389998A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2009-03-18 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | Metamaterials |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| AU2009283141A1 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Duke University | Metamaterials for surfaces and waveguides |
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| US20090160718A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Ta-Jen Yen | Plane focus antenna |
| CN101699659B (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2013-01-02 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101389998A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2009-03-18 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | Metamaterials |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| AU2009283141A1 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Duke University | Metamaterials for surfaces and waveguides |
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