CN102668832A - Pot culture method for persimmons - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pot culture method for persimmons. The pot culture method comprises the following steps of: (1) pot culture substrate adoption; (2) variety selection: selecting complete persimmon varieties with high grafting affinity with diospyros lotus; (3) seedling selection: selecting strong growing seedlings according to the concrete requirements that the seedling height is greater than or equal to 120cm, the seedling base part thickness is greater than or equal to 1.2 cm, and the number of lateral roots is not less than 5; (4) fixed planting: heeling bought tree seedlings in the field with loose soil quantity before the persimmon tree germination in early spring, and transplanting the tree seedlings into a pot when white new roots grow on the tree seedlings; (5) stem height determination: carrying out stem height determination after the pot transplanting at the stem height determination height being 35 to 45cm; and (6) planting management. When the method provided by the invention is adopted, 2 to 3 branches can be germinated in the fixed planting year of the persimmon tree seedlings, the branches are strong, in addition, flower buds are formed at the upper part, the trees can bear fruits in a second year, in addition, the quality of the fruit is better than that of persimmon fruit planted in the field, and more stable tree shapes and higher yields can be realized in the third year.

Description

A kind of method for potted of sweet persimmon

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of sweet persimmon, relate in particular to a kind of method for potted of sweet persimmon.

Background technology

Persimmon originates in China, and at the existing cultivation history more than 2000 of China, for a long time all because of its tree height is big, and quilt is planted by residence, the edge of a field as fruit growing for it.Sweet persimmon skin is thin, meat is tender.Sweet crisp, kernel is few, and fruit juice is many, contains grey glucoside, citrulling, sucrose, glucose, fructose, vitamin and abundant niacin, vitamin B1, B2, E, C and bata-carotene, and trace elements iron, zinc, selenium all are higher than general persimmon.In order to improve the ornamental value of persimmon, in recent years, potted plant persimmon is arranged also, but present pot culture technology is applied mechanically the field cultivation technology mostly, cause potted plant persimmon be shaped slow, be prone to weak, fruit is little, ornamental value can not demonstrate fully out.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for potted of sweet persimmon.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention has adopted a kind of method for potted of sweet persimmon, may further comprise the steps:

(1) selects potting media for use;

(2) kind is selected: select and the high complete sweet persimmon kind of dateplum grafting affinity;

(3) nursery stock is selected: select the nursery stock of robust growth, specific requirement is height of seedling >=120cm, and seedling base portion rugosity >=1.2cm, lateral root are no less than 5;

(4) field planting: early spring, persimmon was heeled in the big Tanaka that the soil is porous with the sapling of buying back before germinateing, and treated that the new root of sapling adularescent trips out basin when sending;

(5) fixed doing: do surely immediately after going up basin, 35～45 centimetres of heading heights, attention one fixes on to cut below the full bud band and cuts, and is about to full bud and all cuts off;

(6) plant planting management.

The described matrix of step (1) is that size is the slag of 5～10mm, garden mould, and expanded chicken manure, three's ratio are slag: garden mould: expanded chicken manure=2.5: 6.5: 1.

The described complete sweet persimmon kind of step (2) is that No. 1, Hubei Province persimmon or sunset are red.

The described basin of step (4) is selected the pottery basin or the earthen basin of 30～35 centimetres of diameters for use; Water permeablely behind the last basin, the mulch film with wide 60cm～80cm, thick 0.008mm covers then.

The kind planting management of step (6) is divided into management in spring, summer management and flower and fruit management.

Described management in spring may further comprise the steps:

(1) lime sulfur of 1 Baume of spray, 5 degree before the rudiment;

(2) rudiment on the stock is erased in bud picking at any time;

(3) this phase insect pest of pest control mainly is the cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis, chafer and aphid.The cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis kill special missible oil or 10% gram a red-spotted lizard missible oil spray cloth branches and leaves with 1000 times of 35% a red-spotted lizard, and chafer is with 750 times of first dimension salt (Da Jia, Dou Jia) spray cloth blade, and aphid is with 800 times of aphid despot spray cloth blades;

(4) this phase of disease control mainly is the generation of prevention disease, can in pest control, spray the medicine prevention, and medicament can be used thiophanate methyl, gram bacterium health, living greatly M45;

(4) spray leaf fertilizer is used 300 times+plant nucleic acid of urea (120 jin of water/bags) for the first time, and the blade face tow sides all should be sprayed onto, and makes the blade face wet and do not drip.Spray once after 10 days, this sprays 0.2% diammonium phosphate and plant nucleic acid (concentration is with for the first time) again;

(5) water and keep cultivation matrix moistening, water during arid.

Described summer management may further comprise the steps:

(1) mid-May is then removed mulch film in matrix covering field planting, covers with stalk that shreds or weeds, and thickness is 3-5cn, and maintenance covers throughout the year later on;

(2) matrix is topdressed and is carried out by the end of May, and three element compound fertilizer 10 grams are executed in every strain, and later per 2 weeks execute once, execute altogether 6 times; Three element compound fertilizer and multi-component composite fertilizer are alternately used after 1 year;

(3) matrix is poured water and is in time watered according to weather and rainfall situation, waters primary water, and prevent matrix ponding in general per 1～3 day;

(4) draw branch, thin branch when young sprout length 50～60cm, to draw branch, make branch keep flat and grow obliquely; Noted later in 1 year dredging and remove overstocked branch.

Described flower and fruit management may further comprise the steps:

(1) flower thinning not;

(2) florescence pollination through pollination, makes it form a quantity of seeds, both can improve fruit-setting rate, can prevent physiological fallen fruit again; Pollen is gathered and pollinating method: the flower under will adopting dries, and sifts out pollen, is stored in the freezer compartment of refrigerator, after blooming, in 3～4 days, awards 1～2 time with the writing brush point;

(3) spend after vegetables and fruits immediately, fruit bearing shoot not staying fruit at 5 below the leaf, 6～10 leaves stay 1 fruit, 11 leaves are above stays 2 fruits, making leaf-fruit ratio is 15～20: 1.

Adopt method of the present invention to have the following advantages:

(1) method of the present invention adopts and earlier nursery stock is heeled in, and carries out field planting (going up basin) when nursery stock sends the new root of white by the time, and this moment, planting survival rates was high, and seedling-slowing stage is short;

(2) the present invention's fixed doing below full bud band is about to full bud and all cuts off, and can weaken apical dominance, improves germination rate, weakens the shoot growth gesture, promotes bud to form;

(3) to adopt facile raw material to carry out composite for matrix of the present invention, obtains being suitable for the matrix of persimmon growth;

(4) the control leaf-fruit ratio stipulates that clearly leaf-fruit ratio is (15～20): 1.

Adopt method of the present invention, the field planting of sweet persimmon seedling can be sent 2-3 branch then, and branch is healthy and strong and form bud on top, got final product the result in 1 year, and fruit quality is superior to the persimmon fruit of field planting; Can be made into more stable tree-like and higher output on the 3rd year.The sweet persimmon that the present invention cultivates out not only mouthfeel is good, and output is high, has good edibility; Simultaneously, the leaf look of its persimmon leaf is healthy and strong, shinny, full of life, and gradually become red by green autumn, has very much ornamental value.

Embodiment

The sweet persimmon method for potted of present embodiment, may further comprise the steps: (1) is selected potting media for use, and matrix is that size is the slag of 5～10mm, garden mould, expanded chicken manure, three's ratio are slag: garden mould: expanded chicken manure=2.5: 6.5: 1;

(2) kind is selected: select and the high complete sweet persimmon kind of dateplum grafting affinity, kind can be red for No. 1, Hubei Province persimmon or sunset;

(3) nursery stock is selected: select the nursery stock of robust growth, specific requirement is height of seedling >=120cm, and seedling base portion rugosity >=1.2cm, lateral root are no less than 5;

(4) field planting: early spring, persimmon was heeled in the big Tanaka that the soil is porous with the sapling of buying back before germinateing, and treated that the new root of sapling adularescent trips out basin when sending; Basin is selected diameter 30-35 centimetre pottery basin or earthen basin for use; Water permeablely behind the last basin, the mulch film with wide 60cm～80cm, thick 0.008mm covers then;

(5) fixed doing: do surely immediately after going up basin, 35～45 centimetres of heading heights, attention one fixes on to cut below the full bud band and cuts, and is about to full bud and all cuts off;

(6) plant planting management, be divided into management in spring, summer management and flower and fruit management.

Wherein spring, management may further comprise the steps:

(1) lime sulfur of 1 Baume of spray, 5 degree before the rudiment;

(2) rudiment on the stock is erased in bud picking at any time;

(3) this phase insect pest of pest control mainly is the cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis, chafer and aphid.The cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis kill special missible oil or 10% gram a red-spotted lizard missible oil spray cloth branches and leaves with 1000 times of 35% a red-spotted lizard, and chafer is with 750 times of first dimension salt (Da Jia, Dou Jia) spray cloth blade, and aphid is with 800 times of aphid despot spray cloth blades;

(4) this phase of disease control mainly is the generation of prevention disease, can in pest control, spray the medicine prevention, and medicament can be used thiophanate methyl, gram bacterium health, living greatly M45;

(4) spray leaf fertilizer is used 300 times+plant nucleic acid of urea (120 jin of water/bags) for the first time, and the blade face tow sides all should be sprayed onto, and makes the blade face wet and do not drip.Spray once after 10 days, this sprays 0.2% diammonium phosphate and plant nucleic acid (concentration is with for the first time) again;

(5) water and keep cultivation matrix moistening, water during arid.

Summer management may further comprise the steps:

(1) mid-May is then removed mulch film in matrix covering field planting, covers with stalk that shreds or weeds, and thickness is 3～5cn, and maintenance covers throughout the year later on;

(2) matrix is topdressed and is carried out by the end of May, and three element compound fertilizer 10 grams are executed in every strain, and later per 2 weeks execute once, execute altogether 6 times; Three element compound fertilizer and multi-component composite fertilizer are alternately used after 1 year;

(3) matrix is poured water and is in time watered according to weather and rainfall situation, waters primary water, and prevent matrix ponding in general per 1～3 day;

(4) draw branch, thin branch when young sprout length 50～60cm, to draw branch, make branch keep flat and grow obliquely; Noted later in 1 year dredging and remove overstocked branch.

Flower and fruit management may further comprise the steps:

(1) flower thinning not;

(2) florescence pollination through pollination, makes it form a quantity of seeds, both can improve fruit-setting rate, can prevent physiological fallen fruit again; Pollen is gathered and pollinating method: the flower under will adopting dries, and sifts out pollen, is stored in the freezer compartment of refrigerator, after blooming, in 3～4 days, awards 1～2 time with the writing brush point;

(3) spend after vegetables and fruits immediately, fruit bearing shoot not staying fruit at 5 below the leaf, 6～10 leaves stay 1 fruit, 11 leaves are above stays 2 fruits, making leaf-fruit ratio is 15～20: 1.

Claims (8)

1. the method for potted of a sweet persimmon is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:

(1) selects potting media for use;

(2) kind is selected: select sweet persimmon kind;

(3) nursery stock is selected: select the nursery stock of robust growth, specific requirement is height of seedling >=120cm, and seedling base portion rugosity >=1.2cm, lateral root are no less than 5;

(4) field planting: early spring, persimmon was heeled in the big Tanaka that the soil is porous with the sapling of buying back before germinateing, and treated that the new root of sapling adularescent trips out basin when sending;

(5) fixed doing: do 35～45 centimetres of heading heights immediately surely after going up basin;

(6) plant planting management.

2. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described matrix of step (1) is that size is the slag of 5～10mm, garden mould, expanded chicken manure, three's ratio are slag: garden mould: expanded chicken manure=2.5: 6.5: 1.

3. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described complete sweet persimmon kind of step (2) is that kind or No. 1, Hubei Province persimmon or sunset are red for time youth.

4. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described basin of step (4) is selected the pottery basin or the earthen basin of 30～35 centimetres of diameters for use; Water permeablely behind the last basin, the mulch film with wide 60cm～80cm, thick 0.008mm covers then.

5. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the kind planting management of step (6) is divided into management in spring, summer management and flower and fruit management.

6. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described management in spring may further comprise the steps:

(1) lime sulfur of 1 Baume of spray, 5 degree before the rudiment;

(2) rudiment on the stock is erased in bud picking at any time;

(3) this phase insect pest of pest control mainly is the cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis, chafer and aphid.The cotton a red-spotted lizard of persimmon, ceroplastes floridensis kill special missible oil or 10% gram a red-spotted lizard missible oil spray cloth branches and leaves with 1000 times of 35% a red-spotted lizard, and chafer is with 750 times of first dimension salt (Da Jia, Dou Jia) spray cloth blade, and aphid is with 800 times of aphid despot spray cloth blades;

(4) this phase of disease control mainly is the generation of prevention disease, can in pest control, spray the medicine prevention, and medicament can be used thiophanate methyl, gram bacterium health, living greatly M45;

(4) spray leaf fertilizer is used 300 times+plant nucleic acid of urea (120 jin of water/bags) for the first time, and the blade face tow sides all should be sprayed onto, and makes the blade face wet and do not drip.Spray once after 10 days, this sprays 0.2% diammonium phosphate and plant nucleic acid (concentration is with for the first time) again;

(5) water and keep cultivation matrix moistening, water during arid.

7. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described summer management may further comprise the steps:

(1) mid-May is then removed mulch film in matrix covering field planting, covers with stalk that shreds or weeds, and thickness is 3-5cn, and maintenance covers throughout the year later on;

(2) matrix is topdressed and is carried out by the end of May, and three element compound fertilizer 10 grams are executed in every strain, and later per 2 weeks execute once, execute altogether 6 times; Three element compound fertilizer and multi-component composite fertilizer are alternately used after 1 year;

(3) matrix is poured water and is in time watered according to weather and rainfall situation, waters primary water, and prevent matrix ponding in general per 1～3 day;

(4) draw branch, thin branch when young sprout length 50～60cm, to draw branch, make branch keep flat and grow obliquely; Noted later in 1 year dredging and remove overstocked branch.

8. the method for potted of sweet persimmon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flower and fruit management may further comprise the steps:

(1) flower thinning not;

(2) florescence pollination through pollination, makes it form a quantity of seeds, both can improve fruit-setting rate, can prevent physiological fallen fruit again; Pollen is gathered and pollinating method: the flower under will adopting dries, and sifts out pollen, is stored in the freezer compartment of refrigerator, after blooming, in 3～4 days, awards 1～2 time with the writing brush point;

(3) spend after vegetables and fruits immediately, fruit bearing shoot not staying fruit at 5 below the leaf, 6～10 leaves stay 1 fruit, 11 leaves are above stays 2 fruits, making leaf-fruit ratio is 15～20: 1.