CN102630604B - Method for herding sturgeons in lakes and reservoirs in saline-alkali waters on plateaus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for herding sturgeons in lakes and reservoirs in saline-alkali waters on the plateaus. The method comprises arrangement of lakes and reservoirs for herding type breeding of sturgeons, preparation of the sturgeons cultured by sturgeon fry culture and intensive breeding facilities, domesticating and feeding technology before sturgeon stocking and escape-proof net arrangement and catching methods. The method is characterized by selecting the lakes and reservoirs with flat bottoms, average depth of 3-4 meters, dead storage of more than 1/3 of waters area, waterweeds on more than 1/3 of area and benthos resources as the lakes and reservoirs for herding type breeding; throwing the sturgeons into the lakes and reservoirs when the water temperature is 10-12 DEG C in spring and autumn, ensuring the sturgeons to stop eating for one week before throwing the sturgeons into the lakes and reservoirs and carrying out feeding habit domestication with minced fish feeds prepared from silver carps and bighead carps or little fish for two weeks; and throwing compound feeds for the sturgeons into the deep water areas where the sturgeons haunt in June-August every year, centralizing the sturgeons in the lakes and reservoirs by zones with large purse nets when the sturgeons bred in the lakes and reservoirs are about 4-5kg respectively, catching the male sturgeons and continuously putting the female sturgeons back to the reservoirs to be bred until the gonads develop maturely.

Description

The method that plateau saline-alkali waters Hu Ku herds sturgeon

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for storehouse, lake, plateau saline-alkali waters sturgeon breeding.

Background technology

The high original numerous large small lakes of NORTHWEST CHINA and reservoir (with doffing Cheng Hu storehouse), water quality pH is 8.35, salinity is 1706.61mg/L, basicity is 507.55mg/L, and hardness is 465.13mg/L, and water type is magnesium sulfate III type, most of lake Kucheng is idle water body, and water body benefit is lower.The former Soviet Union is at twentieth century beginning of the eighties, adopts to river, lake, reservoir herd formula sturgeon breeding, and the sturgeon product that obtains a year is earned foreign exchange 8,000,000,000 dollars for its country.There is similar ecological environmental condition in the lake that northwest plateau Hu Ku and the former Soviet Union of China puts sturgeon in a suitable place to breed with reservoir, natural environmental condition and Food organism resources are all better than the Hu Ku of the former Soviet Union, therefore, can herd formula cultivation only carrying out sturgeon as the northwest plateau saline-alkali water Hu Ku of field irrigation and poor efficiency cultivation.How to utilize these water bodys to carry out aquaculture, developing applicable breed variety is one of key link promoting western inland lake storehouse culture fishery.

Summary of the invention

The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to provide a kind of adaptation in the technology of storehouse, northwest plateau saline-alkali water lake sturgeon breeding, make only as the plateau lake storehouse of irrigating and poor efficiency cultivates, utilized and develop.

Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the Hu Ku that herds formula cultivation for sturgeon; Sturgeon seed rearing and intensive culture facility that utilization is set up in western inland lake reservoir area, carry out sturgeon from incubating oosperm, seed rearing and intensive culture; Domestication and feeding technology before sturgeon is put in a suitable place to breed; The anti-net of escaping arranges and catching method, it is characterized in that selecting at the bottom of Kuku, lake smooth, mean depth of water 3～4m, having the more than 1/3 long of more than 1/3 water surface area minimum capacity of a reservoir ，Hu storehouse area has pasture and water and has that benthon is resourceful cultivates Hu Ku as the sturgeon formula of herding; The sturgeon seed rearing that employing is set up in western inland lake reservoir area and the sturgeon of intensive culture are thrown in Hu Ku and carry out and herd formula cultivation when 10～12 ℃ of spring and autumn water temperatures, sturgeon is thrown in before storehouse, lake, sturgeon to cultivation to 400g/ tail specification left and right, stopped eating for 1 week, change and throw the rotten feed of fish that silver carp flathead or small fish make and carry out domestication, 2 week of domestication time, then select physically fitly, the sturgeon that completes conversion of food habit is thrown in Hu Ku; Sturgeon manufactured feed is thrown in the profundal zone of often haunting sturgeon annual 6～August, throws something and feeds once 21 of every nights, in feeding volume Shi Hu storehouse 0.2～0.3% of the estimation TBW of sturgeon; Storehouse, lake water transport port and floodwater releasing port are prevented escaping with mesh 5cm block, the block length of span and block are exaggerated long than being 0.9, exaggerated and infraclass Length Ratio are 0.9, the ratio 0.8 of the depth of water and net height, the exaggerated spherical foam float that fastens diameter 12cm, float spacing is 2m, exaggerated system connects 30kg/ anchor, anchor interval 20m, and anchor line length is 5 with the ratio of the depth of water, along infraclass, make the mesh bag of filling stone scraper-trough conveyer, mesh bag mouth diameter 15cm; The sturgeon cultivating in Hu storehouse reaches 4～5kg/ tail left and right, with the sturgeon burst in seine net Jiang Hu storehouse, concentrate, fish for out male sturgeon for the deep processing of sturgeon, female sturgeon continues to put back in reservoir and cultivates to gonadal maturation, for exploitation sturgeon seed jam products.

The present invention compared with prior art, its outstanding feature is to provide a supporting technology for utilizing the sturgeon of domestic western lake, reservoir to herd formula cultivation, and the domestic rivers such as Liao Xiang the Changjiang river, Heilungkiang of only carrying out carry out the enhancement releasing work of mandarin sturgeon, acipenser schrencki at present, also do not have western lake, reservoir at home to carry out the precedent that sturgeon is herded formula cultivation.China Zhong, east sturgeon relies on sturgeon manufactured feed to throw something and feed with facility cultivation, pond culture He Hu reservoir area cage culture completely, and be that cultivation 750g is main for the sturgeon of food and drink below, and because sturgeon is intensive culture, quantity is intensive, movable to be reduced, therefore sturgeon gonad maturity is subject to certain impact, show as fat bag ovum, both affected the fish brood amount of sturgeon, affected again the quality of sturgeon caviar; Also be subject to the required waters restriction of " crossing the summer " and the large specification sturgeon of cultivation simultaneously.By the present invention, herd formula sturgeon breeding method and not only save a large amount of sturgeon manufactured feed costs, can make full use of western inland lake storehouse abundant benthon resource (arthropods: insect larvae, shell-fish, annelids: oligochaetes, Polychaeta, mollusk: Bivalve, gastropod, small fishes), the sturgeon more low-carbon environment-friendly of growing; And the sturgeon that cultivated for three whole year can reach about 4～5kg/ tail, for the deep processing of sturgeon and the exploitation sturgeon seed jam products fish of supplying raw materials guarantees, for western inland lake storehouse sturgeon cultivation has been opened up bright prospects.

Embodiment

The present invention includes and adopt the Hu Ku that herds formula cultivation for carrying out sturgeon; Sturgeon seed rearing and intensive culture facility that utilization is set up in western inland lake reservoir area, carry out sturgeon from incubating oosperm, seed rearing and intensive culture; Domestication and feeding technology before sturgeon is put in a suitable place to breed; The anti-net of escaping arranges and catching method.The present invention selects at the bottom of Kuku, lake smooth, and mean depth of water 3～4m has the more than 1/3 long of more than enough 1/3 water surface areas minimum capacity of a reservoir ，Hu storehouse area to have pasture and water and have that benthon is resourceful herds formula cultivation Hu Ku as sturgeon; The sturgeon seed rearing that employing is set up in western inland lake reservoir area and the sturgeon of intensive culture, when 10～12 ℃ of spring and autumn water temperatures, throwing in reservoir carries out and herds formula cultivation, sturgeon is thrown in before storehouse, lake, sturgeon to cultivation to 400g/ tail specification left and right, stopped eating for 1 week, change and throw the rotten feed of fish that silver carp flathead or small fish make and carry out domestication, 2 week of domestication time, then select physically fitly, the sturgeon that completes conversion of food habit is thrown in Hu Ku; The present invention can produce potentiality by sampling Dui Hu storehouse zoobenthos fish and estimate, for carrying out, herds sturgeon breeding supply volume scientific basis is provided in Hu storehouse; According to the feature that is dry season in western inland lake storehouse annual 6～July, sturgeon manufactured feed is thrown in the profundal zone of often haunting sturgeon annual 6～August, to make up reservoir dry season, reduce because of water level, reservoir water surface area reduces and the sturgeon of the causing situation that benthon food resource reduces of ingesting, specific practice is that the square bait table that the length of side is 2m is thrown in the profundal zone of often haunting sturgeon, it is that 40 mu of waters surface are thrown in 1 that bait table is thrown in density, throw something and feed once 21 of every nights, in feeding volume Shi Hu storehouse 0.2～0.3% of the estimation TBW of sturgeon; Storehouse, lake water transport port and floodwater releasing port are prevented escaping with mesh 5cm block, the block length of span and block are exaggerated long than being 0.9, exaggerated and infraclass Length Ratio is 0.9, the ratio 0.8 of the depth of water and net height, the exaggerated spherical foam float that fastens diameter 12cm, float spacing is 2m, exaggerated system connects 30kg/ anchor, anchor interval 20m, anchor line length is 5 with the ratio of the depth of water, along infraclass, makes the mesh bag that (mesh bag mouth diameter 15cm) fills stone scraper-trough conveyer; The sturgeon cultivating in Hu storehouse reaches 4～5kg/ tail left and right, with the sturgeon burst in seine net Jiang Hu storehouse, concentrate, fish for out male sturgeon for the deep processing of sturgeon, female sturgeon continues to put back in reservoir and cultivates to gonadal maturation, realizes the maximization of sturgeon cultivation benefit.

Carry out the formula of the herding cultivation in sturgeon Hu storehouse, it is form, the depth of water, the bottom environment condition according to Hu Ku that the benthic resource situation that sturgeon is ingested is carried out sampling analysis, in the trip of upper, middle and lower, reservoir area, respectively establish 2 at a distance of the sampled point of 1000m, between the sampled point of Shang, middle reaches at a distance of 1500m, in, 1500m apart between sampled downstream point.Spring (April 20), summer (July 20), autumn (September 20), winter (November 20), minute four seasons sampling.Sampling instrument area is 1/16m ²the raw bottom sampler of Peter (the raw bottom sampler of Peter is the conventional benthic equipment of collection while being a kind of field investigation, mainly two jaw lobes, consists of, and two jaw lobes open for square, and primary sample area is 1/16m ²), through 70 object bolting silk nets, in water, washing and filtering goes out zoobenthos, detects whole samples, by 7% formalin, fixedly after 24h, with torsion Libra, weighs; Then carry out evaluation, the counting of kind, be finally converted into density (individual/m ²) and biomass (g/m ²).When estimation zoobenthos standing crop, with arithmetic mean, try to achieve average biomass.Estimate when this storehouse fish produces potentiality, with reference to the method for Luo Junde, (Primary Study of rich water Zoobenthos of Reservoirs is closed, fresh water fishery, 1988 (5): 24-28), mollusk is by standing crop, and feed coefficient is by 60; Oligochaetes, midge class year minimum proliferative ability respectively by 2.2 times with 1.5 times, feed coefficient is by 6; Local shell-fish and amphipoda can be bred secondary in 1 year, and feed coefficient calculates by 5.By Dui Hu storehouse zoobenthos fish, produce potentiality and estimate, for the formula of the herding sturgeon breeding supply volume of carrying out in sturgeon Hu storehouse provides scientific basis.At random fish for sturgeon 10 tails with trap netting gear or silk screen every month, and sturgeon growing state is detected, and measures body length and the body weight of sturgeon, uses W=aL ^bmodel carries out matching, coefficient of condition K=(W/L ³) * 100, above W is body weight (g), and L is body long (cm), and a is Factors, and b is power exponent, utilizes variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA) to check the significance of difference month sturgeon growth differences.When b index is less than 3, coefficient of condition K is while reducing to be significantly greater than other months with value for coefficient of variation, reflects that sturgeon nutritional condition owes rich or living environment condition variation.For the sturgeon manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding in timely Xiang Hu storehouse provides foundation.

Claims (1)

1. plateau saline-alkali waters Hu Ku herds the method for sturgeon, comprises the Hu Ku that herds formula cultivation for sturgeon; Sturgeon seed rearing and intensive culture facility that utilization is set up in western inland lake reservoir area, carry out sturgeon from incubating oosperm, seed rearing and intensive culture; Domestication and feeding technology before sturgeon is put in a suitable place to breed; The anti-net of escaping arranges and catching method, it is characterized in that selecting at the bottom of Kuku, lake smooth, mean depth of water 3～4m, the more than 1/3 long of minimum capacity of a reservoir ，Hu storehouse area having more than 1/3 water surface area has pasture and water and has the resourceful Hu Ku of benthon to herd formula cultivation Hu Ku as sturgeon; The sturgeon seed rearing that employing is set up in western inland lake reservoir area and the sturgeon of intensive culture are thrown in Hu Ku and carry out and herd formula cultivation when 10～12 ℃ of spring and autumn water temperatures, sturgeon is thrown in before storehouse, lake, sturgeon to cultivation to 400g/ tail specification, stopped eating for 1 week, change and throw the rotten feed of fish that silver carp flathead or small fish make and carry out domestication, 2 week of domestication time, select physically fitly, the sturgeon that completes conversion of food habit is thrown in Hu Ku; Sturgeon manufactured feed is thrown in the profundal zone of often haunting sturgeon annual 6～August, throws something and feeds once 21 of every nights, in feeding volume Shi Hu storehouse 0.2～0.3% of the estimation TBW of sturgeon; Storehouse, lake water transport port and floodwater releasing port are prevented escaping with mesh 5cm block, the block length of span and block are exaggerated long than being 0.9, exaggerated and infraclass Length Ratio is 0.9, the ratio 0.8 of the depth of water and net height, the exaggerated spherical foam float that fastens diameter 12cm, float spacing is 2m, exaggerated system connects 30kg/ anchor, anchor interval 20m, anchor line length is 5 with the ratio of the depth of water, makes the mesh bag of filling stone scraper-trough conveyer of mesh bag mouth diameter 15cm along infraclass; The sturgeon cultivating in Hu storehouse reaches 4～5kg/ tail, with the sturgeon burst in seine net Jiang Hu storehouse, concentrates, and fishes for out male sturgeon, and female sturgeon continues to put back in reservoir and cultivates to gonadal maturation.