CN102630456A - Method for raising seedlings of wild Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart var. yunnanica in cuttage manner - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings of wild Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart var. yunnanica in cuttage manner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for raising seedlings of wild Camellia pitardii Coh. var. yunnanica in a cuttage manner. The method comprises the following steps of: picking up branches, selecting strong branches of 1-2-year wild Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart var. yunnanica, cutting the strong branches into 8-10cm sections from top to bottom while maintaining complete eyes on two sides of the sections, soaking the picked branches in water for 1h for preparing for roots to be mudded; preparing yellow mud, namely adding 50ml of plant rooting agent No. CO2008-D1, 0.75kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.75kg of compound fertilizer into every 100kg of yellow mud, and uniformly stirring; mudding the root, namely inserting the lower ends of the branches into the prepared yellow mud till the lower ends of the branches are full of yellow mud, wherein the insertion depth is 2-3cm; inserting the branches for raising the seedling, namely ditching in a seedling raising field according to the line spacing of 20-30cm and the depth of 8cm, placing the branches with mudded roots in the ditches according to the row spacing of 15-20cm in an inclined manner, enabling incisions of the mudded roots downwards to closely adhere matrixes, returning a half of each matrix and treading down, returning the other half of each matrix with the depth of cuttage being 3-5cm, spraying enough water, frequently spraying water within the following three months for keeping the soil wet; and immediately transplanting after surviving through cuttage. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the rooting percentage of cuttage spikes can reach 80-93%, the survival rate is higher than 85%, the seedling root is strong, and the seedling grows greatly; and compared with the traditional seedling raising manner, the method has remarkable advantages.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to the cuttage and seedling culture method of a kind of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea.
Background technology
Narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea (mutation) (
Camellia pitardiiCohen-Stuart var. yunnanica), evergreen undershrub is the shrubbery shape, and trunk is not obvious; Sprout and spire are by pubescence; Oval shape of leaf or ellipse, long 3.6-4.3cm, wide 1.2-1.5cm, there is sawtooth at the edge; The long 4-6mm of petiole.Hua Dansheng or 2-3 clusters, and Hua Jinding gives birth to or armpit is given birth to, and is blood red when just opening, and is afterwards and talks redness, the long 3-5mm of bennet, footpath 5-8cm; Bractlet and sepal 6-8 piece, keratin or thin keratin, green comes off after spending; Petal 6-7 sheet, wide obovate or subcircular, long 1.5-2cm, wide 1.2-2cm, tip is circular, slightly Colaesce of base portion; Stamen is most, the middle and lower part symphysis of foreign steamer filigree; Ovary is spherical, and is close by fine hair, Room 3, rare 4-5 chamber.Capsule sphere or oblate spheroid, footpath 3-5cm; The pericarp keratin has pubescence; The 3-5 lobe splits when ripe, and there is seed 1-2 grain every chamber; Seed diameter 1-1.5cm, brown.The area belongs to the middle subtropical zone weather.Be common in pine, oak mixed forest or the secondary shrub forest, be the heliophilous species of well developed root system.Earth is characteristic of acid red soil vegetatively, pH value 5.0-7.0, and growth is more good on acid sandy soil.The 2-3 month in December at florescence to next year, the fruit phase 7-8 month.Rarely seen area, northeast, Jianshui County, state, Red River, the place of height above sea level 1200-1500m of being distributed in of this kind.
Woodyization of edible oil is world development trends, and the population growth, under the situation about falling sharply of ploughing, the plantation woody oleiferous plants has become main path and the development trend that the world today solves edible oil and iundustrial oil wretched insufficiency.The Chinese government attaches great importance to the woody oleiferous plants industry development; Successively issue " General Office of the State Council is about promoting the suggestion of oil plant production development ", " State Council supplies with the suggestion of safety about promoting the health care of edible vegetable oil industry ", particularly No. 1 file of central authorities in 2012 proposes woody oleiferous plants industries such as the suitable area development of emphasis support oil tea.Department such as National Development and Reform Committee, the Ministry of Finance shows great attention to the development of oil tea, in the relevant planning of country, policy document, has included the content aspect the oil tea in, and policy, financial support dynamics continue to increase.
Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising is at existing 50 years of researches of China and applicating history, because of its have simple, growing-seedling period short, the reproduction coefficient advantages of higher, in the Hunan, provinces and regions such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian are by wide popularization and application.As far back as the 1950's, the oil tea scientific worker just begins tackling key problem research Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising technology, begins to have carried out the test of long skill cuttage and seedling culture, but does not all succeed.To the sixties; Be referred from the principle and the method for tea tree single node cutting, oil tea cuttage technique main points are familiar with to some extent, change long fringe cuttage and be short fringe (about 6 ㎝) cuttage; And the administrative skill after the reinforcement research improvement cuttage; Growing seedlings has obtained success in succession, but cuttage survival rate is all desirable, and cuttage raise seedling technique is still waiting to improve.
For wild narrow leaf southwest this rare certain species of Red Hill tea, whether cutting propagation is fit to, and does not have the prior art data can be for reference, must just can learn through groping to test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of woody oleiferous plants plant; The cuttage breeding method of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea, this method can make the cuttage seeding survival rate of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea high, more healthy and stronger than tree seedling, and the growth potential of nursery stock is strong; It is fast to grow up; Its branch cutting breeding is superior to propagation by grafiting, and seedling cost is low, solves the deficiency of prior art with this.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
A kind of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea cuttage and seedling culture method is characterized in that it has the following steps:
(1) adopt branch, choose the healthy and strong branch that wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea 1-2 gives birth to, down be whittled into 8-10 cm branch from the upper end with cutter, the both sides eye is complete on the reservation branch, soaks 1 hour adopting the branch of returning, in order to the slurry root;
(2) prepare yellow mud, dig out 2 stock tanks of drop, be placed on a last stock tank to yellow mud; Be soaked in water 12 hours; The yellow mud puddle that tramps with one's feet next day becomes yellow mud water, is discharged into next stock tank to yellow mud water again, lets its deposition; After bleeding off the water of clarification then, add 50 milliliters by every 100kg yellow mud water slurry
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent, superphosphate, each 0.75kg of composite fertilizer fully mix thoroughly;
(3) slurry root branch lower end slurry root, is about to the branch lower end and inserts in the yellow mud that upward step prepares, and the degree of depth 2～3 ㎝ are advisable to stick yellow mud;
(4) transplant and grow seedlings, on the furrow of growing seedlings,, tiltedly be placed on the branch of having starched root in the ditch by spacing in the rows 15-20cm distance by line-spacing 20-30cm, dark 8cm trench digging; The undercut mouth down is close to matrix, and branch bar inclination 45 degree return half matrix and the reality that tramps with one's feet then; Return half matrix again, the degree of depth of cuttage is 3～5 cm, drenches sufficient water; Thereafter frequent trickle keeps ground moistening in 3 months.
(4) step transplanted and grows seedlings that soil must not dry lack of water in back 2 months.
Above-mentioned
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent is meant and in 50kg yellow mud pulp-water, adds the spirit of taking root, the basic element of cell division, enlarging agent, fruits and vegetables power II numbers each 10 milliliters, superphosphate, each 0.3kg of composite fertilizer.
Above-mentioned superphosphate is for containing effective P
4O
1014 %～20 %, wherein 85% water-soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.
Above-mentioned composite fertilizer is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively the NpK complex fertilizer of 15-15-15 (percentage by weights).
Transplant a cutting on the slotting machine of cuttage in the booth of natural lighting, artificial spraying, the slotting machine cutting medium carries out disinfection with the carbendazim solution of 0.15 %, and matrix formulations is: river sand 70%, yellow soil 20%, fertilizer 5%, saw not 4%, perlite 1%.
In time transplant behind the cutting survival, cultivation matrix is humus soil 85%, river sand 10%, fertilizer 5%.
Compared with prior art, superiority of the present invention is embodied in following several aspect:
When (1) many plants bred with branch cutting, its slotting fringe generally can grow certain adventive root naturally.Through using
CO2008-D 1 After number growth hormone is handled, increased the quantity of adventive root.
(2) through the plant establishment agent
CO2008-D 1 The semi-lignified branch of number handling, its power of taking root can obtain certain raising, and its rooting rate can reach 80 %～93 %.
(3) the seed germination experiment confirm of system wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea seed have the deep dormancy characteristic; If seed is not treated; Need to sprout chronic or do not sprout, thereby limited the sexual propagation of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea, be unfavorable for its protection and sustainable utilization.And the semi-lignified branch cottage propagation of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea only needs about 38 days, and its rooting rate can reach 80-95%; No matter 1 year living cuttage seeding is that amount of growth and biomass are all high than the sowing seedling.The breeding that the method that has proved absolutely the semi-lignified branch cottage propagation is used for wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea is feasible, effectively, is a kind of best mating system of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea.
(4) selection of cutting medium: from root length, cutting medium is that perlitic plugged ear root length is long shorter than the plugged ear root of extra large coal soil, and simultaneously, each also has significant difference between handling.Between each processing of coal soil of sea, the root of plugged ear is long not to reach significant difference, illustrates that extra large coal soil is the desirable matrix of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea cuttage.Its moisture capacity and gas permeability are better, also are rich in nutriment.But from the survival rate and the situation of taking root, the cutting medium prescription is: river sand 70%, yellow soil 20%, fertilizer 5%, saw are not 4%, the survival rate of perlite 1% reaches more than 85%, and nursery stock takes root might as well.
(5) the present invention has obtained some key technologies of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea semi-lignified branch cottage propagation, has obtained cuttage effect preferably.
The optimum optimization combination of the wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea cottage propagation that this test is determined is: make to insert fringe with semi-lignified branch, through rising with adding 50 persons of outstanding talent by per 100 kilograms of water slurrys
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent (spirit of taking root, the basic element of cell division, enlarging agent, fruits and vegetables power II number each 10 milliliters), superphosphate (contains effective P
4O
1014 %～20 %, wherein 85% is water-soluble, belongs to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer), composite fertilizer's (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively the NpK complex fertilizer of 15-15-15 (percentages)) fully mixes thoroughly for each 0.75 kilogram, carries out the treatment combination of cuttage then.
Embodiment
Further specify implementation process of the present invention and beneficial effect with instance below, but scope of the present invention is not as limit.
1, the agent of preparation plant establishment earlier
CO2008-D 1 Number:
50 kilograms of yellow mud pulp-waters add the spirit of taking root, the basic element of cell division, enlarging agent, fruits and vegetables power II numbers each 10 milliliters, and superphosphate (contains effective P
4O
1014 %～20 %, wherein 85% is dissolved in, and belongs to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer), each 0.3 kilogram of composite fertilizer's (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively the NpK complex fertilizer of 15-15-15 (percentages)) mixes thoroughly and can use with the yellow mud pulp-water.
2, the collection of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea cuttage branch: select the plant of wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea robust growth for use, when the fringe bar is reached maturity in the winter time, adopt the fringe cuttage and seedling culture.On the good maternal plant that has chosen, clip tree crown middle and upper part is peripheral, grows substantial, healthy and strong, the full semi-lignified branch of axillalry bud.Gather the fringe bar to be advisable morning, after the collection, put into clear water and soak, dry water after, sealing is preserved moisture in the plastic sack of packing into, transporting to behind the destination immediately, the stand is placed in the little shed of dark and damp plastics for use.
3, branch slurry root.The preparation of yellow mud: 2 stock tanks that dig drop earlier; Be placed on a last stock tank to yellow mud, be soaked in water for 1 night, make yellow mud soft; The yellow mud puddle that tramps with one's feet next day becomes yellow mud water; Be discharged into next stock tank to yellow mud water again, let it precipitate, promptly add 50 persons of outstanding talent after bleeding off the water of clarification then and rise by per 100 kilograms of water slurrys
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent (spirit of taking root, the basic element of cell division, enlarging agent, fruits and vegetables power II number each 10 milliliters), superphosphate (contains effective P
4O
1014 %～20 %; Wherein 85% is water-soluble; Belong to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer), 0.75 kilogram of composite fertilizer's (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively the NpK complex fertilizer of 15-15-15 (percentages)) mixes thoroughly with yellow mud, can be about to branch lower end slurry root the branch lower end and insert in the yellow mud for preparing; The degree of depth 2～3 ㎝ are advisable to stick yellow mud.Carry out cuttage then.
4, transplant and grow seedlings.On the furrow of growing seedlings by line-spacing 20-30cm trench digging, dark 8cm, the branch of having starched root by spacing in the rows 15-20cm apart from oblique cutting in ditch, the undercut mouth down is close to real matrix, branch bar 45 degree that tilt return the half-fine matrix and the reality that tramps with one's feet then, return half matrix again, drench sufficient water.Thereafter frequent trickle keeps ground moistening in 3 months, and soil must not dry lack of water in 2 months after cuttage especially.The cutting medium prescription is: river sand 70%, yellow soil 20%, fertilizer 5%, saw not 4%, perlite 1%.
5, in time transplant behind the cutting survival, cultivation matrix is humus soil 85%, river sand 10%, fertilizer 5%.During the transplanted seedling cultivation, note water and fertilizer management, in time weed a garden.
Above technology was grown seedlings in 2-5 month, and main hype (cutting) root of hair, bud are sprouted, and took root in 10-15 days after the general cuttage, germinateed in 10-20 days, and survival rate can reach 95%, and the rate of rooting can reach 95%, grows seedlings and can transplant afforestation in 6 months, also can educate 1 year seedling.
6, transplant simultaneously in 8 cm * 12 cm with the cuttage seeding of cutting survival and seeds germinated and be equipped with in the nutritious bag of nutrition soil, carry out experiment in cultivation, measure and add up two kinds of growth of seedlings amounts and biomass after 1 year.Result of the test shows that seedling plant of the present invention is high higher than seed seedling with hat width of cloth amount of growth.The hat width of cloth of cuttage seeding is 1163 times of seed seedling, and leading thread and leaf layer and seed seedling are approaching; But biomass (dry weight) heavily is 2127 times of seed seedling like root, and stem heavily is 1172 times of seed seedling, and leaf heavily is 1179 times of seed seedling.Show thus: cuttage seeding of the present invention is more healthy and stronger than tree seedling, and the growth potential of nursery stock is strong, and growing way is fast.Its semi-lignified branch cottage propagation is superior to seminal propagation.
Claims (4)
1. wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea cuttage and seedling culture method is characterized in that it has the following steps:
(1) adopt branch, choose the healthy and strong branch that wild narrow leaf southwest Red Hill tea 1-2 gives birth to, down be whittled into 8-10 cm branch from the upper end with cutter, the both sides eye is complete on the reservation branch, soaks 1 hour adopting the branch of returning, in order to the slurry root;
(2) prepare yellow mud, dig out 2 stock tanks of drop, be placed on a last stock tank to yellow mud; Be soaked in water 12 hours; The yellow mud puddle that tramps with one's feet next day becomes yellow mud water, is discharged into next stock tank to yellow mud water again, lets its deposition; After bleeding off the water of clarification then, add 50 milliliters by every 100kg yellow mud water slurry
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent, superphosphate, each 0.75kg of composite fertilizer mix thoroughly;
(3) slurry root branch lower end slurry root, is about to the branch lower end and inserts in the yellow mud that upward step prepares, and the degree of depth 2～3 ㎝ are advisable to stick yellow mud;
(4) transplant and grow seedlings, on the furrow of growing seedlings,, tiltedly be placed on the branch of having starched root in the ditch by spacing in the rows 15-20cm distance by line-spacing 20-30cm, dark 8cm trench digging; The undercut mouth down is close to real matrix, and branch bar inclination 45 degree return half matrix and the reality that tramps with one's feet then; Return half matrix again, the degree of depth of cuttage is 3～5 cm, drenches sufficient water; Thereafter frequent trickle keeps ground moistening in 3 months.
2. according to the said wild narrow leaf of claim 1 southwest Red Hill tea cuttage and seedling culture method, it is characterized in that (2) step is said
CO2008-D 1 Number plant establishment agent is meant and in 50kg yellow mud pulp-water, adds the spirit of taking root, the basic element of cell division, enlarging agent, fruits and vegetables power II numbers each 10 milliliters, the mixed thing of superphosphate, each 0.3kg of composite fertilizer; Superphosphate is for containing effective P
4O
1014 %～20 %, wherein 85% water-soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer; Composite fertilizer is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively the NpK complex fertilizer of 15-15-15 (percentage by weights).
3. according to the said wild narrow leaf of claim 1 southwest Red Hill tea cuttage and seedling culture method; It is characterized in that transplanting a cutting on the slotting machine of cuttage in the booth of natural lighting, artificial spraying; The slotting machine cutting medium carries out disinfection with the carbendazim solution of 0.15 %, and matrix formulations is: river sand 70%, yellow soil 20%, fertilizer 5%, saw not 4%, perlite 1%.
4. according to the said wild narrow leaf of claim 1 southwest Red Hill tea cuttage and seedling culture method, it is characterized in that in time transplanting behind the cutting survival, cultivation matrix is humus soil 85%, river sand 10%, fertilizer 5%.
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| CN103011930A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Camellia culture matrix |
| CN103222400A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-31 | 广州市园林科学研究所 | Zhang's scarlet camellia culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105052443A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽农业大学 | Rapid propagation method for autumn single node cutting of tea-oil trees |
| CN105359917A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 黄钱英 | Container seedling-raising method for lithocarpus oleaefolius A. Camus |
| CN105359916A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 黄钱英 | Container seedling-raising method for lithocarpus carolinae |
| CN105409544A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区管理处 | Preparation method of yellow dipping slurry of roots in seedling culture of camellia chrysantha |
| CN106008054A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Special culture medium for Camellia longicaudata container seedlings |
| CN106069521A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 张先玉 | A kind of gardens method for culturing seedlings of Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
| CN106105950A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings shortening Flos Camelliae Japonicae growing-seedling period |
| CN106105949A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of breeding method of yangtse-huaihe region Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
| CN106717984A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 莫玉明 | A kind of beautiful millettia root cuttage and seedling culture method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103011930A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Camellia culture matrix |
| CN103222400A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-31 | 广州市园林科学研究所 | Zhang's scarlet camellia culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105052443A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽农业大学 | Rapid propagation method for autumn single node cutting of tea-oil trees |
| CN105409544A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区管理处 | Preparation method of yellow dipping slurry of roots in seedling culture of camellia chrysantha |
| CN105359917A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 黄钱英 | Container seedling-raising method for lithocarpus oleaefolius A. Camus |
| CN105359916A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 黄钱英 | Container seedling-raising method for lithocarpus carolinae |
| CN106069521A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 张先玉 | A kind of gardens method for culturing seedlings of Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
| CN106105950A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings shortening Flos Camelliae Japonicae growing-seedling period |
| CN106105949A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 张先玉 | A kind of breeding method of yangtse-huaihe region Flos Camelliae Japonicae |
| CN106008054A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Special culture medium for Camellia longicaudata container seedlings |
| CN106717984A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 莫玉明 | A kind of beautiful millettia root cuttage and seedling culture method |
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Application publication date: 20120815 |