CN102619517A - Overlaying rock cemented pillarless sublevel caving method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an overlaying rock grouting bonded pillarless sublevel caving method. Aiming at the problem that the end ore drawing caving mining method has great loss dilution, the pillarless sublevel caving method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: after ore drawing at each sublevel is completed, injecting and uniformly permeating a liquid cementing material into overlaying rocks surrounding the ore drawing port and the end wall at both sides and front part of the end part of a mining roadway besides the lowest sublevel roadway in each sublevel, laying aside for 1-3 days, eliminating excessive water in the overlaying rocks through water drainage ditches on both sides of the mining roadway, cementing the overlaying rocks to reduce the fluidity, and performing blasting and actual mining in the next ore caving step. The newly caved ores are dry and have good fluidity, so that ores are easy to discharge and rocks are not easy to discharge, the ore extraction rate is effectively increased, and the dilution loss of ores is reduced. The overlaying rock grouting bonded pillarless sublevel caving method has the advantage that ores are basically discharged in the form of pure ores and also has the advantages of small loss dilution and particularly has obvious effect on mines with heavy rock meal in overlaying rock and small water quantity in stopes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the underground mining method technical field, relate in particular to a kind of no foundation block caving method that covers rock injecting glue bonding.
Background technology
Underground mining method comprises adopts standard, cutting and three basic working procedure of back production; Press the mode of safeguarding to be divided into openstope method, filling method and caved stopes three major types by ground; Caved stopes is the mining methods of controlling and pressing with managing with avalanche country rock bashing; The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings because have that process structure is simple, mining rate is big, efficient is high, mechanization degree is high, advantage such as safety, mining cost are low, worldwide be widely used.The end ore-drawing collapse method of a large amount of ore drawings mainly contains two types of sublevel caving method and block caving methods.
Sublevel caving method is that ore body is divided into some stages; To the stage be divided into plurality of segments; Mode by rhombus is staggered is arranged the substoping route, and segmentation is carried out actual mining by a less ore caving interval under covering layer one by one from top to bottom, and sublevel caving method is divided into sill pillars sublevel caving method and sublevel caving method without sill pillar according to the ore removal mode; The sill pillars sublevel caving method bottom is provided with polycrystalline substance, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine; Sublevel caving method without sill pillar divides pars infrasegmentalis not set out the polycrystalline substance in ore deposit; Do not stay any ore pillar, work such as the rock drilling of segmentation, ore caving and ore removal are all carried out in stope drift active workings, and are safe and reliable; Particularly in the underground mining of iron ore mine, these mining codes have comparative advantage at metallurgical mine.
The essential characteristic of block caving method is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.The block caving method actual application scheme is many, and foundation block caving method scheme is only arranged at present both at home and abroad, and the foundation block caving method that has of its medial end portions ore removal has certain advantage; Be that all stage end wall is erectility, carry out back production in the end, ore caving interval of primary excavation stage overall height; The polycrystalline substance of arranging through the stage bottom carries out ore removal; Nugget production capacity is big, and labor productivity is high, mainly uses at nonferrous metal mine.Though there is not the formulation of foundation block caving method scheme at present; But do not have the foundation block caving method and close place is arranged with " high end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar " scheme; High end wall sublevel caving method without sill pillar is as one group with several segmentations (2-3 segmentation usually); Its end wall is erectility in same upright position, forms high end wall, ore caving interval of these several segmentations of primary excavation.
Number of patent application 201110232079.7 discloses " a kind of formula of cornicing with the artificial false top of steel and concrete structure does not have foundation stage caved stopes " and number of patent application 201110232064.0 and discloses " a kind of no foundation stage caved stopes of the formula structure of cornicing " and all relate to a kind of no foundation end wall stage caved stopes that cornices; Be that ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, be divided into segmentation again; The substoping tunnel interlaced arrangement that assumes diamond in shape is carried out actual mining in stope drift active workings up and down, and each segmentation keeps the leading structure of cornicing of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of segmentation down always in the stage; With the stage is unit; Back production highly equals the stage overall height, in the stage each segmentation by from top to bottom order ore caving interval of explosion successively, again by from top to bottom order successively at each substoping tunnel ore removal.
Therefore; No foundation block caving method by each segmentation end wall upper-lower position branch vertical end wall in the stage with cornice two kinds of end walls; No foundation vertical end wall block caving method is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in same upright position; And there is not the foundation end wall block caving method of cornicing is that each segmentation end wall of all stage is in the leading position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation on it of a kind of down segmentation, all is that back production highly equals the stage overall height.
The avalanche method of end ore removal is under covering layer, to carry out the end ore drawing, and what just begun to emit is pure ore, and top barren rock landing soon forms the barren rock funnel, and barren rock is sneaked in advance and emitted.Extensively adopt cut off grade ore drawing at present both at home and abroad, be lower than cut-off grade when emitting the grade of ore, promptly stop ore drawing, a residual ore part of not emitting is emitted with the mode that the ore deposit rock mixes in following segmentation, and another part then is lost in underground.The covering layer bottom big problem of ore drawing ore losses dilution never is well solved, and is a great problem on puzzlement mining circle.The general rate of dilution is 20-25%, and high reaches 42.9%, and the rate of extraction is generally 55-70%.
The covering layer bottom big main cause of ore drawing ore losses dilution is because the ore drawing mode that the ore deposit rock directly contacts under the covering layer causes.If can control flowing of barren rock,, and greatly improve ore recovery rate with the ore losses dilution problem that fundamentally solves the end ore-drawing collapse mining method.
Caved stopes covering layer long-term existence is in stope, and along with the carrying out of back production, corrasion that the ore deposit rock constantly flows and frequent explosion squeezing action cover in the rock and contain a large amount of fritters and powder.
A large amount of real, tests show: in the ore drawing process of end, fritter and powder ore deposit rock can pass through the bulk space and arrive the ore removal mouth in advance, and its flowing velocity is faster than big lump ore rock.Ore drawing by the time, the overlying rock LUMPINESS DISTRIBUTION characteristics that go out around the mine mouth are: near more from drawhole, powder rock and rubble are many more.
According to powder technology knowledge, when containing powder, rubble chance water and glue, it is big that caking property is easy to become, and influences its flowability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the big problem of end ore-drawing collapse mining method loss and dilution; Be employed in and cover its flowability of method change of injecting cementitious materials in the rock; According to " it is obviously different with the flowability of broken ore to cover rock; make ore emit easily and rock be not easy to emit " principle, a kind of no foundation block caving method that the rock injecting glue bonds that covers is proposed, purpose is to improve ore recovery rate, reduction ore dilution loss effectively.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical proposals.
A kind of no foundation block caving method that covers rock injecting glue bonding of the present invention comprises ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, presses the rhombus interlace mode and arranges extracting drift; To the stage be divided into segmentation; Rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance, under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production; Be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage; Back production is unit with the stage, and ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively; After it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage; Both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock, with liquid cementitious materials inject and uniformly penetrating to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; Left standstill 1-3 days; Through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides, will cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out the actual mining of next ore caving interval again.
Liquid cementitious materials according to the invention is water glass and the calcium chloride solution that the water glass solution used of single fluid grouting or two fluid grouting are used.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) ore is emitted with the form of pure ore basically, and loss and dilution is very little, and it is more obvious especially covering layer to be contained the mine effect that the powder rock is heavier, the stope water yield is little;
2) technology is simple, and is safe and reliable, and cost is low, profitable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 arranges the stope drift active workings sketch map for rhombus.
Fig. 2 is in same upright position sketch map for each segmentation end wall of stage.
Fig. 3 gos deep into injecting glue sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock for adopting grouting equipment under the vertical end wall situation with Grouting Pipe.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 4 carries out next ore caving interval back production after rock bonds for injecting glue under the vertical end wall situation will cover.
Fig. 5 is a kind of sketch map that cornices during state for each segmentation end wall of stage is in.
Fig. 6 cornices to adopt under the end wall situation grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep into injecting glue sketch map in stope drift active workings both sides and the anterior overlying rock.
Ore avalanche situation sketch map when Fig. 7 carries out next ore caving interval back production after the rock bonding for injecting glue under the end wall situation of cornicing will cover.
Fig. 8 is that Grouting Pipe injecting glue sketch map is inserted in many places in stope drift active workings both sides and anterior overlying rock.
Fig. 9 is each segmentation injecting glue scope sketch map of stage.
Among the figure: 1 is stope drift active workings, and 2 is overlying rock, and 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line; 4 is ore body, and 5 is last to fan shaped medium length hole, and 6 is Grouting Pipe; 7 is the slurry stream of injecting glue; 8 for injecting glue leaves standstill the wet bonding overlying rock in back, and 9 is the ore that new avalanche is done, and 10 is each segmentation injecting glue penetration range line of stage.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 9, a kind of no foundation block caving method that covers rock injecting glue bonding of the present invention comprises ore body is divided into the stage; In the stage, press the rhombus interlace mode and arrange extracting drift 1, will the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings 1; 2 is overlying rock among Fig. 1, and 3 is every route ore body avalanche scope line, in stope drift active workings 1, adopts and concentrates the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole 5 in advance; Under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production, be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage, and back production is unit with the stage; Ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage carries out ore removal in each 1 end, substoping tunnel by order from top to bottom more successively, and 4 is ore body among Fig. 2,5; After it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage, both sides and front portion in each 1 end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in stope drift active workings 1 overlying rock 2; Injecting liquid cementitious materials also, uniformly penetrating because lumpiness is uneven in the covering rock, contains a large amount of powder rocks and rubble in the covering rock 2 after the ore drawing end around stope drift active workings 1 drawhole and the end wall to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock 2 on every side; These powder rocks and rubble are filled in covering rock 2 spaces under the effect of cementitious materials and water, and 7 is the slurry stream of injecting glue among Fig. 3,6,8; 10 is each segmentation injecting glue penetration range line of stage among Fig. 9; Through 1-3 days leave standstill,, will cover in the rock 2 excessive moisture and drain through the gutter of stope drift active workings 1 both sides; Make drawhole overlying rock on every side be bonded to one than stable whole; Mobile very poor, generally speaking, to contain the glue amount be 8-15% to the best when covering the stable bonding of rock.Carry out explosion, the ore drawing actual mining of next ore caving interval again, after the explosion of next ore caving interval, because the effect of explosion, humidity that again will be more stable covers rock 8 compactings, makes it more stable, forms " retaining wall " together; In addition, because the ore 9 of new avalanche is more dried, good fluidity; Cause covering rock 8 obviously different with the flowability of the ore 9 of new avalanche like this, when ore drawing, ore 9 flows fast; And that rock 8 flows is slow, can reduce sneaking into of barren rock in the ore drawing process significantly, improves emitting of pure ore.In order to prevent and to reduce the moist moisture content that covers in the rock 8 on every side and infiltrate in the new ore caving stone 9, carry out ore drawing work as early as possible.
Liquid cementitious materials according to the invention is water glass and the calcium chloride solution that the water glass solution used of single fluid grouting or two fluid grouting are used; Its cementitious materials plays the effect that makes overlying rock bonding, filling space and the reduction on every side of stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall cover the rock flowability; When adopting single fluid grouting, water glass and water are made into the solution of concentration 10-40%; When using two fluid grouting, can adopt the two fluid grouting machine, water glass and calcium chloride solution are alternately injected; The volumetric usage of two kinds of solution should be suitable; Concentration of sodium silicate is 20% o'clock, and the concentration of calcium chloride is advisable with 10 ~ 15%, and two kinds of solution reactions generate silica gel and gel of calcium silicate; Make to cover rock and be bonded to and a kind ofly have certain intensity but be not consolidated into the state of an integral body, reduce the flowability that covers rock.
The present invention is not limited only to above-mentioned liquid cementitious materials, covers the whole fixed cement material of rock but generally can not use.
The endwall structure that cornices, because distance of cornicing of segmentation is gone up in segmentation in advance down, the Grouting Pipe insertion depth is shallow, the endwall structure that cornices is more convenient than the water filling of vertical end wall structure.
The present invention is very obvious to the mine effect that covering layer contains powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little, estimates that the rate of extraction can reach 80-95%, and the rate of dilution reaches 1-5%, and economic benefit is obvious.
The invention belongs to a large amount of ore-drawing collapse mining methods, solved the big problem of end ore drawing loss and dilution, safe and reliable, simple, cost is low, profitable.For the mine that covering layer contains powder and rubble is heavier, the stope water yield is little, can replace at present more popular sublevel caving method without sill pillar, sill pillars sublevel caving method and underground mining method such as foundation block caving method is arranged.
Claims (3)
1. a no foundation block caving method that covers rock injecting glue bonding comprises ore body is divided into the stage, in the stage, presses the rhombus interlace mode and arranges extracting drift; To the stage be divided into segmentation, rock drilling, explosion and ore removal are all accomplished in stope drift active workings, in stope drift active workings, adopt and concentrate the rock drilling mode to arrange to fan shaped medium length hole in advance; Under covering layer, carry out the backing type back production, be in same upright position or a kind of down segmentation to end wall leading on it during the position of the distance of cornicing of segmentation when each substoping in the stage, and back production is unit with the stage; Ore caving interval of each segmentation homogeneous avalanche of all stage; Carry out ore removal in each end, substoping tunnel successively by order from top to bottom again, it is characterized in that each segmentation ore drawing finishes in the stage after, both sides and front portion in each end, substoping tunnel of this stage except that descending most segmentation; Adopt grouting equipment that Grouting Pipe is goed deep in the stope drift active workings overlying rock; Injecting liquid cementitious materials also, uniformly penetrating left standstill 1-3 days, through the gutter of stope drift active workings both sides to stope drift active workings drawhole and end wall overlying rock on every side; To cover in the rock excessive moisture and drain, carry out the actual mining of next ore caving interval again.
2. cover the no foundation block caving method of rock injecting glue bonding according to claim 1 a kind of, it is characterized in that said liquid cementitious materials is water glass and the calcium chloride solution that the water glass solution used of single fluid grouting or two fluid grouting are used.
3. according to a kind of no foundation block caving method that covers rock injecting glue bonding of claim 2, it is characterized in that said two fluid grouting is the solution that water glass and calcium chloride solution are made into concentration 10-40%.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102619519A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-01 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Ore drawing technique for controlling fluidity of ore rocks via pillarless vertical end-wall sublevel caving method |
| CN105333777A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Ditching blasting method for deep open pit mine |
| CN105804749A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中南大学 | Method for drilling upward fan-shaped medium-length holes in double movements of tunneling drill jambo |
| CN106246183A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-21 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of method determining sublevel caving method without sill pillar Caved ore body form |
| CN106522955A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-22 | 广西大学 | Studding recovery method for reconstructing covering layer through dead zone wastefill and top surrounding rock spallation collaboratively |
| CN113187481A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Filling mining method for overburden rock concentrated grouting caving stoping |
| CN113202476A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Covering rock grouting method for remotely changing positions by non-pillar sublevel caving method |
| CN113236252A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 辽宁科技大学 | Single-route bedpost-free sublevel caving method for covering rock stratum long-distance drilling and grouting method |
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| CN105333777A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Ditching blasting method for deep open pit mine |
| CN105804749A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中南大学 | Method for drilling upward fan-shaped medium-length holes in double movements of tunneling drill jambo |
| CN106246183A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-21 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of method determining sublevel caving method without sill pillar Caved ore body form |
| CN106522955A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-22 | 广西大学 | Studding recovery method for reconstructing covering layer through dead zone wastefill and top surrounding rock spallation collaboratively |
| CN113187481A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Filling mining method for overburden rock concentrated grouting caving stoping |
| CN113202476A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Covering rock grouting method for remotely changing positions by non-pillar sublevel caving method |
| CN113236252A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 辽宁科技大学 | Single-route bedpost-free sublevel caving method for covering rock stratum long-distance drilling and grouting method |
| CN113236252B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-06-06 | 辽宁科技大学 | Single-route bottomless column sublevel caving method cover stratum long-distance drilling grouting method |
| CN113202476B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-08-11 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Covering rock grouting method for remotely changing position by using non-bottom column sublevel caving method |
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Application publication date: 20120801 |