CN102523779A - Method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants - Google Patents
Method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants, comprising the following steps of: (1) digging grooves and holes, ensuring length according to terrain, setting slight gradient at the bottom of the grooves, and arranging a water outlet at a lower place; (2) building a water discharge groove at the end of the water outlet; (3) digging a water return pool at the head of the land, reflowing redundant water in the grooves and holes, and storing the water in the water return pool; (4) isolating the saline-alkali waste cultivated land from the matrix by an agricultural greenhouses film at the bottom and the periphery of the grooves and holes, or paving furnace clinker at the bottom of the grooves and holes, and isolating the periphery of the grooves and holes by the agricultural greenhouses film; (5) the proper matrix has mixture of pearlstone, vermiculite and silver sand, mixture of furnace clinker, danty and coal ash, mixture of exotic soil and straw fermented substrate and exotic soil of the mixture, respectively filling the matrix into the different grooves and holes; (6) applying compound fertilizer and diamine with fixed quantity before the plants are grown, and topdressing urea and diamine with fixed quantity at twice at the fruiting period of the plants; (7) irrigating by means of trickle irrigation by a drip tape; (8) ridging, film paving and growing when the plants are grown; and (9) leading the grooves and holes to have a certain gap, and replacing the surfaces of the grooves and holes with the straw fermented substrate, so that the influence of the saline alkali to the matrix is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil agrochemistry field, particularly a kind of saline and alkaline old-field utilizes the method for kind of plant again.
Background technology
The salinization of soil is a global resource and ecological problem.At present, whole world saline soil area is about 1,000,000,000 hectares, and wherein China's saline soil area is about 3,460 ten thousand hectares, 7,600,000 hectares of arable land salinization of soil, and nearly 1/5 ploughs, and salinization of soil takes place; Wherein primary salinization type, secondary salinization type and various alkalization type distribute and account for 52%, 40% and 8% of the gross area respectively; The secondary salinization soil area of being not good at causing because of improvement presents cumulative year after year trend.Saline and alkaline harm cause a large amount of in, low-yield land and peasant be poor, makes large tracts of land soil resource be difficult to utilize, overall productivity in agriculture descends, and badly influences the raising of agricultural production and life of farmers level.Spreading of arable soil salinization of soil if can not get effectively control and positive control measures, certainly will will restrict China's agricultural sustainable development and improvement of the ecological environment.
The saline land is as a kind of ecological resources, and each country of the whole world all drops into a large amount of human and material resources at present, financial resources resist saline and alkaline improvement, and various alkaline land improving technology are put into effect in succession; It is simple to have invented a kind of method like Pakistani researcher; Cost is low, the improving technology that risk is little, and promptly seeds before seeding is done pre-treatment one seed soaking; Seed soaking can improve percentage of seedgermination, promotes the growth of crop under bad soil condition; It is that metabolism (physiology and chemistry) is carried out in a kind of permission before germination, but the embryo's that do not grow controlled hydration process and dry run again, this technology has improved the output of saline land plantation wheat.
Still have in China not obtain the saline land that develops about 80%, be distributed in arid, semiarid zone mostly; In decades; Country's tissue has dropped into great amount of manpower and material resources are implemented to transform to the saline land; Along with the development of modern science and technology technology, actively innovate and the technical products that is exclusively used in soil melioration developed puts goods on the market, and in practical application, obtained certain effect.As at China commercially available standing grain health saline-alkali soil conditioner, Kang Dibao, execute ground good and various saline land composite fertilizer such as red road microbial organic fertilizer etc.Also have and adopt various improving technologies to use in different regions, adopt vertical shaft mostly like the Xinjiang in " saline land all ", the technology mode of " drip irrigation+ridge culture+overlay film " is adopted in Ningxia; Set up respectively and adopted fresh water, salt water drip irrigation technique to utilize technical system in the saline land.Also have Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province to utilize natural sea-water on the seabeach of newly enclosing and cultivating, to plant salt tolerant sea water vegetable etc.But because commercially available commodity exist price comparison high, kind is less relatively, does not use so obtain penetration and promotion; And traditional remodeling method has certain limitation, is difficult to suppress the salinization of soil problem of soil; Therefore, try to explore, develop, improve and utilize saline and alkaline old-field, prevent the technical measures of secondary salinization of soil, utilize the method for kind of plant to have important practical significance again and propose a kind of saline and alkaline old-field.
Summary of the invention
Aim of the present invention technical problem to be solved is to saline and alkaline can't the discharge; The tradition ameliorative measure is unsuitable again; Cause the saline land by no longer cultivated problem, and provide a kind of saline and alkaline old-field to utilize the method for kind of plant again, to improve the environment of plant growth on the saline and alkaline old-field.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes through following technical scheme;
A kind of saline and alkaline old-field utilizes the method for kind of plant again, and concrete steps comprise:
(1), grooving cave: can confirm groove cave length according to actual landform, along length direction the gradient arranged slightly, design a delivery port at the pocket of bottom land in the bottom of groove;
(2), build rhone: delivery port one end in the groove cave is built rhone;
(3), dig back pool: dig a back pool at the edge of a field, the superfluous water backflow in the groove cave is stored in the back pool;
(4), the groove cave isolates: in bottom, groove cave and adopt the canopy film to cover saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave all around, with the canopy film saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated all around;
(5), filling substrate: the matrix of suitable this method is that perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage; Mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1; Slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage; Mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1, the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk, and mixed proportion is 1: 1~3: 1; Soil moved in to improve the original is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging; Respectively above-mentioned matrix is filled in the different groove caves;
(6), apply fertilizer: the kind plant goes to and applies composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9~37.5g/m in the groove cave
2Impose urea and diamines twice at the crop fruiting period, the amount of imposing is 15~22.4g/m at every turn
2
(7), the irrigate band is set: lay the irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation and irrigate;
(8), shop film plantation: when crop-planting, carry out the film plantation of ridging shop:
(9), groove cave spacing: groove cave spacing is 50~70cm, and about 5~10cm place, this part saline-alkali soil top layer is replaced with the stalk thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Technology of the present invention further provides, and when adopting in the said step (4) slag to isolate, the matrix of filling must be the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk.
Remarkable result of the present invention is:
1), method of the present invention; Owing to isolating in the no longer cultivated soil that is employed in former salinization of soil; For crop provides new growing environment, thereby reduced of the influence of original salinized soil, the crop of planting on the saline and alkaline old-field that not even a blade of grass grows can normally be emerged and grow up plant growth;
2), method of the present invention; Adopt the irrigation method of back pool and irrigate band; Can make in the new crop growth environment too much that salinity dissolves with the current of irrigating gradually, drain the salinity of dissolving from rhone again, thereby reduced the salt content in the new crop growth environment;
3), method of the present invention, the matrix of employing is the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original, soil moved in to improve the original and stalk; Soil moved in to improve the original can improve the physical property in saline land, and the effect that presses down salt, pouring salt, presses alkali and increase soil fertility is arranged, and can make the new soil environment salt content that is made for the thing growth be reduced to the degree of unlikely damage to crops growth; The become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk can change saline and alkaline soil property, promotes soil fertility, and the alkalescence of buffering soil makes it to help the growth of vegetables, obtains and the same good harvest in general plot;
4), method of the present invention, effectively utilized land resources, and passed through planting vegetable; Play the effect of utilizing saline and alkaline old-field again, let salt affected soil become renewable resources, improved the Human's production living environment; Economy is environmental protection again, has good development prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further described
A kind of saline and alkaline old-field utilizes the method for kind of plant again, comprises the steps:
(1), the grooving cave, wide 50cm, dark 35cm, length can confirm along length direction the gradient is arranged slightly at trench bottom according to actual landform, designs a delivery port at the pocket of bottom land, prevents ponding in the groove.
(2), build rhone at delivery port one end in groove cave.
(3), dig a back pool at the edge of a field, the storage that refluxes of the superfluous water in the groove cave is gone into this back pool, so that recycle.
(4), in groove cave bottom and adopt the canopy film to cover all around saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave, use the canopy film all around, saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated; When adopting slag to isolate, the matrix of filling must be the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk; Thing all has the effect that reduces soil salt because slag and stalk become thoroughly decomposed, and therefore adopts this isolation technique can play the effect of duplicate protection matrix.
(5), the matrix of suitable this method has four kinds, matrix one, perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage, mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1; Matrix two, slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage, and mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1; The become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of matrix three, soil moved in to improve the original and stalk, mixed proportion is 1: 1~3: 1; Matrix four, soil moved in to improve the original, it is low to be the salt alkali content, and the loam of suitable crop growth is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging; Need respectively described four kinds of matrix to be filled in the different groove caves, create an environment new, suitable growth to crops.
(6), the kind plant goes to and applies composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9g/m in the groove cave
2~37.5g/m
2Impose urea and diamines twice at the crop fruiting period, the amount of imposing is 15g/m at every turn
2~22.4g/m
2
(7), lay the irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation and irrigate.
(8), when crop-planting, carry out the film plantation of ridging shop.
(9), groove cave spacing is 50~70cm, and about 5~10cm place, this part saline-alkali soil top layer is replaced with the stalk thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to reduce this part salinization of soil, matrix does not receive saline and alkaline the influence in the protection groove cave.
The effect instance is following:
Embodiment 1 adopts vermiculite+perlite+fine sand+canopy film to cover isolation
Host material: vermiculite, perlite, fine sand
Matrix ratio: perlite: vermiculite: fine sand=1: 1: 1; 1: 1.5: 1; 1.5: 1: 1
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and is applied diamines and each 35g/m of composite fertilizer in the groove cave
2Impose twice diamines and each 15g/m of composite fertilizer after the field planting
2
Implementation method: the sub-district specification is 900cm * 50cm, three repetitions, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.Carry out Routine Management behind the crop-planting, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate crop biology characteristic weekly, treat to add up output respectively after crop is gathered.In the plantation, eggplant, tomato plant height are moderate, and the pumpkin plant development is better, and leaf growth presents yellow green in earlier stage, and at the back annesl that topdresses, bearing capacity is good.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 2
Adopting slag+weathered coal+flyash+canopy film to cover isolates
Host material: slag, weathered coal, flyash
Matrix ratio: slag: weathered coal: flyash=1: 1: 1; 1: 1.5: 1; 1.5: 1: 1
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and is applied diamines and each 32.5g/m of composite fertilizer in the groove cave
2Impose twice diamines and each 17g/m of urea after the field planting
2
Implementation method: the sub-district specification is 900cm * 50cm, three repetitions, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.Carry out Routine Management behind the crop-planting, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate crop biology characteristic weekly, treat to add up output respectively after crop is gathered.In the plantation, eggplant, tomato plant height are moderate, and the pumpkin plant development is better, and leaf growth presents yellow green in earlier stage, and at the back annesl that topdresses, bearing capacity is good.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 3
Adopt soil moved in to improve the original+stalk thing+canopy film that becomes thoroughly decomposed to cover and isolate
Host material: soil moved in to improve the original, the stalk thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Matrix ratio: soil moved in to improve the original: become thoroughly decomposed thing=3: 1 of stalk
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and is applied diamines, each 35g/m of composite fertilizer in the groove cave
2Impose twice diamines and each 20g/m of urea after the field planting
2
Implementation method: the sub-district specification is 900cm * 50cm, three repetitions, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.Carry out Routine Management behind the crop-planting, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate crop biology characteristic weekly, treat to add up output respectively after crop is gathered.In the plantation, the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish survival rate be than higher, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and the pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and fruit is big.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 4
Adopting soil moved in to improve the original+canopy film to cover isolates
Host material: soil moved in to improve the original, be advisable to fill up groove cave ridging
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and is applied diamines, each 36.5g/m of composite fertilizer in the groove cave
2Impose twice diamines and each 21.5g/m of urea after the field planting
2
Implementation method: the sub-district specification is 900cm * 50cm, three repetitions, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.Carry out Routine Management behind the crop-planting, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate crop biology characteristic weekly, treat to add up output respectively after crop is gathered.In the plantation, the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish survival rate are high, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and the pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and fruit is big as a result.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Embodiment 5
Adopt slag+soil moved in to improve the original+film ridge culture
Host material: slag, soil moved in to improve the original
Slag thickness: 15cm
Crop varieties: eggplant, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish
Apply fertilizer: plantation is gone to and is applied diamines, each 37g/m of composite fertilizer in the groove cave
2Impose twice diamines and each 22g/m of urea after the field planting
2
Implementation method: the sub-district specification is 900cm * 50cm, three repetitions, and drip irrigation is irrigated.Each repeats eggplant 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Capsicum 12 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Tomato 10 strains, 30cm * 20cm; Pumpkin 6 strains, 50cm (spacing in the rows) * 20cm (line-spacing); Radish 6 strains, 30cm * 20cm.Carry out Routine Management behind the crop-planting, on a small quantity drip irrigation repeatedly.Investigate crop biology characteristic weekly, treat to add up output respectively after crop is gathered.In the plantation, the survival rate of the eggplant of this test, capsicum, tomato, pumpkin, radish is high, and eggplant, tomato plant strain growth are good, and plant is high, and the pumpkin plant development is good, and blade presents green, and fruit is big as a result.
Result of implementation sees the following form:
Except that the foregoing description, the present invention can also have other embodiments; All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation form, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a saline and alkaline old-field utilizes the method for kind of plant again, and it is characterized in that: the step of this method comprises:
(1), grooving cave: can confirm groove cave length according to actual landform, along length direction the gradient arranged slightly, design a delivery port at the pocket of bottom land in the bottom of groove;
(2), build rhone: delivery port one end in the groove cave is built rhone;
(3), dig back pool: dig a back pool at the edge of a field, the superfluous water backflow in the groove cave is stored in the back pool;
(4), the groove cave isolates: in bottom, groove cave and adopt the canopy film to cover saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated, or spread the thick slag of 8-10cm in bottom, groove cave all around, with the canopy film saline and alkaline old-field and matrix are isolated all around;
(5), filling substrate: the matrix of suitable this method is that perlite, vermiculite, fine sand mix by a certain percentage; Mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1, and slag, weathered coal, flyash mix by a certain percentage, and mixed proportion is 1: 1.5: 1~2: 1.5: 1; The become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk; Mixed proportion is 1: 1~3: 1, and soil moved in to improve the original is advisable to fill up groove cave ridging, respectively above-mentioned matrix is filled in the different groove caves;
(6), apply fertilizer: the kind plant goes to and applies composite fertilizer and diamines 29.9~37.5g/m in the groove cave
2Impose urea and diamines twice at the crop fruiting period, the amount of imposing is 15~22.4g/m at every turn
2
(7), the irrigate band is set: lay the irrigate band, carry out drip irrigation and irrigate;
(8), shop film plantation: when crop-planting, carry out the film plantation of ridging shop;
(9), groove cave spacing: groove cave spacing is 50~70cm, and this part 5~10cm place, saline-alkali soil top layer is replaced with the stalk thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
2. a kind of saline and alkaline old-field according to claim 1 utilizes the method for kind of plant again, it is characterized in that, when adopting in the said step (4) slag to isolate, the matrix of filling must be the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of thing of soil moved in to improve the original and stalk.
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Cited By (10)
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CN103650693A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-26 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Compound substrate and method for improving clayed soil |
CN103708906A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-04-09 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Composite matrix for clay improvement and improvement method for cohesive soil |
CN103999708A (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil |
CN105284355A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业大学 | Facility leak-stopping and evaporation-limiting cultivation method for non-arable land |
CN105724217A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-07-06 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables |
CN106171736A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of salt-soda soil, arid area pergola on the city road |
CN106171738A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Film-covering planting technology irrigated by a kind of salt-soda soil Fructus Lycii ditch |
CN107041217A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | Implantation methods on a kind of ridge |
CN111528073A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-14 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | Soil salinization improvement method |
CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
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CN103650693A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-26 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Compound substrate and method for improving clayed soil |
CN103999708A (en) * | 2014-06-07 | 2014-08-27 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil |
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CN105284355A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中国农业大学 | Facility leak-stopping and evaporation-limiting cultivation method for non-arable land |
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CN106171736A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of salt-soda soil, arid area pergola on the city road |
CN107041217A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | Implantation methods on a kind of ridge |
CN111528073A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-08-14 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | Soil salinization improvement method |
CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
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