CN105103698A - Soil preparation method for improving production performance of soil in sandy soil matrix greenhouse - Google Patents
Soil preparation method for improving production performance of soil in sandy soil matrix greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil preparation method for improving the production performance of soil in a sandy soil matrix greenhouse. According to the method, field soil is partially added in a pure sandy soil farming layer, the three-dimensional structure that sand is covered with soil, soil is coated with fertilizer and ridges are high is formed, and the pure sandy soil productivity is greatly improved. Based on the soil dressing principle, the good rooting performance, moisture and fertilizer retention performance, buffer performance, biological performance and nutrient performance of the field soil are kept, the pure sand layer is utilized for cutting off surface layer soil capillary force, the humidity in the greenhouse is lowered, and therefore diseases caused by high humidity in the greenhouse are greatly reduced. The soil temperature of the farming layer in winter is increased due to the fact that the ridges are high, and therefore the growth of vegetable root systems is promoted. Accordingly, the soil production performance and the vegetable output are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics field, a kind of method of soil preparation significantly promoting sandy soil matrix green house productivity by making furrow entire technique.
Background technology
In recent years, for the needs basis not taking original arable land being greatly developed industrialized agriculture, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang starts to build green house in desert area on a large scale, and only Hotan Prefecture has just planned 100,000 mu of green houses, and part puts into production.Because cultivated land resource is nervous, green house construction is on the peripheral sand dune be bulldozed, oasis, cultivation matrix be soil content lower than 5% fine sand, the function that pure sand cannot provide normal soil perfect, therefore the booth vegetable growing nutrient obstacle phenomenon that causes of pure husky cultivation matrix is very general.Sandy soil major obstacle comprises the following aspects specifically: 1. nutritional disorder.Pure sand almost can not provide any nutrient for crop, and not only macroelement lacks, and medium trace element also generally lacks, and should take into account the supply of macroelement and medium trace element in production, and nutrient management difficulty is large.And normal soil can provide a large amount of medium trace element nutrient for crop, only need supplementary macronutrient in production, nutrient management ratio is easier to; 2. physical property obstacle.First be that pure husky unit weight is large, plant takes root difficulty, and be secondly that pure husky liquid manure guarantor stores ability, leak Lou fertile, pour water and must fill with diligent filling less, fertilising must Shaoshi duty be executed, and in production, vegetables are easy to coerce by liquid manure and affect growth; 3. chemical property obstacle.Pure husky cation exchange capacity CEC is little, and buffer capacity is poor, and the Acidity of Aikalinity of the soil solution to irrigation fertilization is very sensitive, easily cause and pour water and the harm of source of manure soda acid, and then affect fertilizer validity, and the normal Acidity of Aikalinity of soil to liquid manure has good shock-absorbing capacity; 4. biological property obstacle.Beneficial microbes a large amount of in normal soil and harmful microorganism form balanced relation, mutually restrict, and pathogen is not easy outburst, and in pure sandy soil, microorganism total amount is low, more lack microorganism species balance, the harmful bacterias such as sickle-like bacteria are easy to outburst, plant disease management difficulty.And pure sandy soil lack due to microorganism, the enzyme that element exchange needs microbial metabolism to provide also lacks, and causes the fertilizer soil applied to transform difficulty.
Existing nutrients enrichment method mainly uses the feces of livestock and poultry become thoroughly decomposed in a large number; because local large-scale cultivation feces of livestock and poultry organic fertilizer resource is limited; price is higher; add that transport and labour cost every mu booth fertilizer price reach more than 3000 yuan, and all need again to drop into fertilizer before per season plantation.
The method that in production, another one is conventional is soil moved in improve the original method, namely replaces the method for the pure sand of topsoil with high-quality soil.But the method faces, and high-quality soil source difficulty, quantities are large, transport and the high problem of labour cost.
The present invention utilizes soil moved in improve the original to improve principle, utilize relatively less rural area soil to form pure sand hill in plow layer and cover rural area soil cultivating bed, furrow cover sand, the structure of overlay film under-film drip irrigation on sand, thus significantly promote the method for the pure sandy soil productivity of booth under the lower prerequisite of quantities.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of method of soil preparation promoting sandy soil matrix green house soil productivity is provided, the method adds rural area soil by local in pure sandy soil plow layer, form the stereochemical structure of " sand hill soil " " mount is fertile " " high ridging ", significantly improve the method for pure sandy soil productivity.The method utilizes soil moved in improve the original method principle, taking into account while rural area soil takes root performance, preserve moisture and fertility performance, shock-absorbing capacity, biological property, nutritional properties preferably, utilize pure sand bed to cut off topsoil capillary force, reduce canopy humidity, thus significantly reduce in canopy because of the disease that high humidity causes; Promote topsoil temperature in winter by high ridging, and then promote the method for vegetable root system growth; Thus significantly improve productivity and the yield of vegetables of soil.
A kind of method of soil preparation promoting sandy soil matrix green house soil productivity of the present invention, soil moved in improve the original is utilized to improve principle, utilize relatively less rural area soil to form pure sand hill in plow layer and cover Nutrition Soil cultivating bed, the coated base manure of Nutrition Soil, the structure of overlay film under-film drip irrigation on sand, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
In a, smooth green house, cultivation bed, detects the foreign matters such as the stone in sandy soil, stalk, root stubble;
B, cover rural area soil 8cm the pure sandy soil (1) of cultivation bed are upper, then on rural area soil, spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer 90m become thoroughly decomposed
3/ ha;
Rural area soil, fertilizer, top layer sandy soil are fully mixed into Nutrition Soil (2) by c, the rotary tillage of use rotovator 2 times;
D, determine the position of ridge (3) according to the requirement of planting vegetable kind to row spacing, the dark ditch of 25cm is opened in the middle of every ridge (3), bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil (4) is diammonium phosphate 375kg/ha, urea 150kg/ha, potassium sulfate 225kg/ha, the flat ditch of earthing;
E, the Nutrition Soil (2) of furrow (5) turned at ridge (3) upper ridging, being routed up by pure sandy soil (1) under furrow (5) covers on ridge (3) again, until form the thick pure sand bed of 5cm on ridge, form ridge height 35-40cm, the wide 50-55cm of furrow;
F, survey each laying irrigate bands (6) in bank 12cm place apart from two ridge (3) are upper;
G, at ridge (3) upper covering with plastic film (7), mulch film width is to covering furrow (5) bottom;
H, along under irrigate band, according to growing vegetables require spacing in the rows definite value vegetables.
A kind of method of soil preparation promoting sandy soil matrix green house soil productivity of the present invention, the clear superiority of the more conventional method of soil preparation of the method is following several respects:
1. under the prerequisite that significantly can reduce in the more conventional soil moved in improve the original method of rural area soil demand, provide combination property (physical property, chemical property, biology performance, nutritional properties) more better than conventional soil moved in improve the original method, and construction totle drilling cost obviously reduces; Under conventional sandy soil condition, do not pour water more than three days, vegetables are just obviously suffered from drought, and according to the improved booth of this method, within seven days, do not pour water and also can not obviously suffer from drought;
2., by sand hill soil, the structure of mount fertilizer, makes base fertilizer concentrate near root district, in planting seedlings success, root system starts after lower bundle soon can close to base fertilizer, base fertilizer and seedlings root can not be caused again simultaneously directly to contact injury to seedlings root, significantly improve the validity of base fertilizer;
3. by rotary tillage, soil, sand, fertilizer are carried out suitable blending, for the seedling of customization provides desirable field planting soil condition, be conducive to reducing seedling-slowing stage, promote that the even seedling of seedling is strengthened;
4. by high ridging, be conducive to soil warming, promote vegetable growth;
5. the leaching that high ridging is conducive to by pouring water reduces root district perniciousness harm;
6. by covering sand on ridge, overlay film on sand, the mode of under-film drip irrigation, surface soil moisture capillarity can be cut off, when heavy irrigation, by the smooth draining of the pure sand bed of furrow, thus significantly can reduce air humidity in canopy, reducing the generation of disease again.The hot and humid main cause being disease and breaking out in booth.
Significantly can promote sandy soil matrix green house soil productivity by method of the present invention, and then significantly reduce booth management difficulty, improve booth vegetable output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method of soil preparation furrow cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Embodiment
In March, 2015, the harmonious Village E17 in Hetian County, Hotan Prefecture, E19 and E21 canopy has carried out the test of sandy soil matrix green house entire technique, the wide 7.5m of growing area in booth, long 60m, E17 canopy conveniently method of soil preparation carries out wholely, process in contrast, E19 canopy carries out wholely according to the method described in the present invention, E21 canopy carries out whole according to soil moved in improve the original method, pure sandy soil are for examination soil, examination cucumber variety is supplied to be that Xinjin grinds No. 4, cropping pattern is ridge two row mode, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm, overlay film on ridge, film web 1.40m, one film two row, adopt under-film drip irrigation fertilizer application mode, spacing in the rows 45cm, about actual 1700 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every canopy.
Embodiment 1 (contrast)
Control treatment (E17 canopy): the conventional method of soil preparation adopted in namely producing, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1, cucumber started nursery;
Picked the foreign matter such as stone, stalk, root stubble in sandy soil in cultivation bed on March 20, and carry out smooth to cultivation bed material soil;
March 25, pure sandy soil 1 evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure 4m become thoroughly decomposed
3, diammonium phosphate 17kg, urea 7kg and potassium sulfate 10kg;
March 26, with rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, fertilizer, base fertilizer and top layer sand are fully mixed into Nutrition Soil 2;
March 27, mark the position on ridge according to 1.2m row spacing, then the part Nutrition Soil 2 of furrow 5 is turned over ridging on ridge 3, form ridge height 15-20cm, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm; Each laying irrigate band 6, bank 12cm place is surveyed apart from two in ridge 3; Ridge covers the wide black mulch film of 1.4m 7;
April 1, along under irrigate band, according to the spacing in the rows definite value cucumber seedling of 45cm.
Embodiment 2
For method of soil preparation process of the present invention (E19 canopy), concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1, cucumber started nursery;
Cultivation bed top layer 8cm sandy soil are transported booth by March 20, pick the foreign matter such as stone, stalk, root stubble in sandy soil in cultivation bed, and carry out smooth to cultivation bed material soil;
March 25 transported 30m from neighbouring farmland
3rural area soil, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields on Shamian Island, and pure sandy soil 1 define rural area soil layer, and soil thickness is about 8cm, then on rural area soil, spread fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure 4m become thoroughly decomposed
3;
March 26, with rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, fertilizer and top layer sand are fully mixed into Nutrition Soil 2;
March 27, mark the position on ridge 3 according to 1.2m row spacing, in the middle of every ridge 3, open the dark ditch of 25cm, bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil 4 for diammonium phosphate 17kg, urea 7kg and potassium sulfate 10kg, the flat ditch of earthing;
Then whole Nutrition Soils 2 of furrow 5 are turned over ridging on ridge 3, the purer sand under furrow 5 is routed up cover on ridge 3, until form the thick pure sand bed of 5cm on ridge, form the ridge 3 of ridge height 30-35cm, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm;
Each laying irrigate band 6, bank 12cm place is surveyed apart from two in ridge 3;
Ridge covers the wide black mulch film of 1.4m 7 on 3;
April 1, along under irrigate band, according to the spacing in the rows definite value cucumber seedling of 45cm.
Embodiment 3
For the land preparation mode process (E21 canopy) of soil moved in improve the original method, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
March 1, cucumber started nursery;
Cultivation bed top layer 16cm sandy soil are transported booth by March 20, pick the foreign matter such as stone, stalk, root stubble in sandy soil in cultivation bed, and carry out smooth to cultivation bed material soil;
March 25 transported 60m from neighbouring farmland
3rural area soil, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields on Shamian Island, and pure sandy soil 1 define rural area soil layer, and soil thickness is about 16cm, then on rural area soil, spread fertilizer over the fields the chicken manure 4m become thoroughly decomposed
3;
March 26, with rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, rural area soil, top layer sand and fertilizer and base manure are fully mixed into Nutrition Soil 2;
March 27, mark the position on ridge 3 according to 1.2m row spacing, then the part Nutrition Soil 2 of furrow 5 is turned over ridging on ridge 3, form ridge height 15-20cm, row spacing 70cm, furrow width 50cm; Each laying irrigate band 6, bank 12cm place is surveyed apart from two in ridge 3; Ridge covers the wide black mulch film of 1.4m 7;
April 1, along irrigate band 6 times, according to the spacing in the rows definite value cucumber seedling of 45cm.
Embodiment 4
Manage according to the management method of high-yield culturing code in cucumber breeding time of embodiment 1-3 process; May 1 hung calamity, May 20 lower first batch of cucumber, July 20 end of day;
Mensuration project and method:
The mensuration of cucumber growing way: May 20, the strain of each process random selecting continuous print 10, plant height is measured with tape measure, the stem measuring 5-6 internode by digital calipers is thick, leaf area is whole leaf area sums of the 6th leaf up-to-date fully expanded leaves sheet to top from the bottom up, and single leaf leaf area adopts empirical formula method to calculate: and leaf area=0.5 × leaf is wide × and long+0.25 × leaf of leaf is wide
2;
Chlorophyll SPAD Reading measures: adopt SPAD-502 type chlorophyll meter to measure the SPAD value of blade, and May 20, the middle part of the fully expanded leaves sheet that each process random selecting 50 growing ways are consistent, avoided vein and the position having damage, average;
The mensuration of cucumber yield: every processing selecting continuous print 10 strain, the knot melon number of cucumber won in record at every turn, and output, calculates average melon weight;
The mensuration of powdery mildew of cucumber disease index: cucumber at seedling stage powdery mildew grade scale: 0 grade, asymptomatic; 1 grade, blade occurs that white powder symptom is no more than 50% of total leaf area; 2 grades, blade occurs that white powder symptom exceedes 50% of total leaf area; 3 grades, blade wilting or withered, only growing point survival; 4 grades, plant is withered;
Disease index=∑ (state of an illness rank × this grade of diseased plant tree) × 100%/(investigating total strain number × highest level)
Result of the test:
The different impact processed cucumber growth wholely:
May 20, the growing way measurement result on cucumber showed: the growth of different entire technique on cucumber causes remarkable impact.Due to the restriction at water source, rotation irrigation cycle can also reach a filling in 3-5 days before May, a filling in 7 days is reached when entering May, due to sandy soil preserve moisture and fertility ability, irrigation frequency, prolongation affected to control treatment output, and soil moved in improve the original method and the inventive method, due to the good water retention property of root layer soil, substantially do not affect table 1 by what extend irrigation frequency;
Table 1 difference processes the impact on cucumber growth wholely
| Plant height (cm) | Stem thick (mm) | Leaf area (cm 2) | SPAD value | |
| Embodiment 1 contrasts | 184b | 9b | 9600b | 37b |
| Embodiment 2 the present invention | 235a | 13a | 13400a | 44a |
| Embodiment 3 soil moved in improve the original method | 240a | 12a | 12700a | 45a |
(note: often arrange different letter representation difference and reach 5% significance level, lower same)
Result of the test shows, compare with soil moved in improve the original method, the inventive method can realize identical growing way appearance under the condition significantly reducing engineering cost, equal indifference in the indexs such as, leaf area per plant thick at plant height, stem and chlorophyll concentration, but two process are all significantly higher than control treatment in each index.Contrast leaf colour cast is shallow, and other two process leaf looks dark green.
The different impact processed powdery mildew of cucumber disease index wholely:
Powdery mildew of cucumber is often in fruiting period morbidity, and hot and humid in canopy is the major reason of falling ill, and result of the test shows, novel whole ground method, owing to having cut off the native capillarity of table, drip irrigation system has oozed the water come and has oozed from sandy soil layer rapidly, occurs in drip irrigation process without runoff, all the time without ponding in face, ridge and ditch, air humidity is well controlled, and due to soil condition good, long more sturdy of seedling, resistance against diseases is strong, does not catch an illness in breeding time.Although conventional treatment pour water down ooze also very fast, but due to sandy soil preserve moisture and fertility performance and other poor performance, extend the moisture caused irrigation frequency and limit the various disorders caused, cause the long relative deviation of cucumber, premunition is weak, there is plant part to occur powdery mildew, controlled by the chemicals treatment state of an illness.Soil moved in improve the original method due to topsoil water retention capacity strong, after pouring water, air humidity is large, and powdery mildew is comparatively serious, although control the state of an illness by medicine, the output of cucumber still causes certain influence table 2.
Table 2 difference processes the impact on powdery mildew of cucumber disease index wholely
| Disease index (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 contrasts | 6.0±0.7 |
| Embodiment 2 the present invention | 0 |
| Embodiment 3 soil moved in improve the original method | 22.1±1.3 |
The different impact processed cucumber yield formation wholely:
Result of the test shows, with soil moved in improve the original method ratio, the method for the invention, output is slightly high, main cause be the mean fruit weight of the inventive method apparently higher than soil moved in improve the original method, and tie melon sum difference remarkable table 3.
Table 3 difference processes the impact formed cucumber yield wholely
| Knot melon sum (pi/m 2) | Output (kg/m 2) | Average melon heavy (g) | |
| Embodiment 1 contrasts | 58.9b | 11.8c | 201c |
| Embodiment 2 the present invention | 66.3a | 16.9a | 255a |
| Embodiment 3 soil moved in improve the original method | 66.7a | 15.6b | 234b |
The output of the inventive method and soil moved in improve the original method is all far above contrast, and output promotes amplitude and reaches 32-43%, no matter is that knot melon is total or average fruit weight average is significantly higher than contrast.
Claims (1)
1. one kind promotes the method for soil preparation of sandy soil matrix green house soil productivity, it is characterized in that utilizing soil moved in improve the original to improve principle, utilize relatively less rural area soil to form pure sand hill in plow layer and cover Nutrition Soil cultivating bed, the coated base manure of Nutrition Soil, overlay film on sand, the structure of under-film drip irrigation, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
In a, smooth green house, cultivation bed, detects the foreign matters such as the stone in sandy soil, stalk, root stubble;
B, cover rural area soil 8cm the pure sandy soil (1) of cultivation bed are upper, then on rural area soil, spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer 90m become thoroughly decomposed
3/ ha;
Rural area soil, fertilizer, top layer sandy soil are fully mixed into Nutrition Soil (2) by c, the rotary tillage of use rotovator 2 times;
D, determine the position of ridge (3) according to the requirement of planting vegetable kind to row spacing, in the middle of every ridge (3), open the dark ditch of 25cm, bottom of trench applies fertilizer to the subsoil (4) is diammonium phosphate 375kg/ha, urea 150kg/ha, potassium sulfate 225kg/ha, the flat ditch of earthing;
E, the Nutrition Soil (2) of furrow (5) to be turned at ridge (3) upper ridging, the purer sandy soil (1) under furrow (5) are routed up cover on ridge (3), until form the thick pure sand bed of 5cm on ridge, form ridge height 30-35cm, the wide 50-55cm of furrow;
F, survey each laying irrigate bands (6) in bank 12cm place apart from two ridge (3) are upper;
G, at ridge (3) upper covering with plastic film (7), mulch film width is to covering furrow (5) bottom;
H, along under irrigate band, according to growing vegetables require spacing in the rows definite value vegetables.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN110495332A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2019-11-26 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that facility plastic greenhouse crop is poured |
| CN111919535A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-13 | 福建农林大学 | Method for improving yellow river sleeve salinized land by planting mushroom grass by utilizing mushroom bran as resource |
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| CN102656971A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-09-12 | 郝国成 | Production method and application of sandy land conditioner made from bentonite |
| CN104186058A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-10 | 陈土有 | Desertificated soil improvement method |
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| GB1453486A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1976-10-20 | Lewin G E W | Method and device for soil improvement |
| CN101422110A (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-06 | 杨鸿珠 | Desert controlling method |
| CN101849453A (en) * | 2009-04-04 | 2010-10-06 | 高清 | Earth surface planting desert reforming technology |
| CN102656971A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-09-12 | 郝国成 | Production method and application of sandy land conditioner made from bentonite |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN106961870B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2022-11-29 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | Irrigation and drainage system for pepper planting and irrigation and drainage method thereof |
| CN110495332A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2019-11-26 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method that facility plastic greenhouse crop is poured |
| CN111919535A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-13 | 福建农林大学 | Method for improving yellow river sleeve salinized land by planting mushroom grass by utilizing mushroom bran as resource |
| CN111919535B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-08-05 | 福建农林大学 | Method for improving yellow river sleeve salinized land by planting mushroom grass by utilizing mushroom bran as resource |
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