CN102515950B - Mid-low yield field alfalfa special-purposed fertilizer, preparation method thereof, and application method thereof - Google Patents

Mid-low yield field alfalfa special-purposed fertilizer, preparation method thereof, and application method thereof Download PDF

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CN102515950B
CN102515950B CN 201110410514 CN201110410514A CN102515950B CN 102515950 B CN102515950 B CN 102515950B CN 201110410514 CN201110410514 CN 201110410514 CN 201110410514 A CN201110410514 A CN 201110410514A CN 102515950 B CN102515950 B CN 102515950B
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fertilizer
parts
alfalfa
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special fertilizer
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盛亦兵
张晓冬
王国良
隋学艳
贾春林
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SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a mid-low yield field alfalfa special-purposed fertilizer, a preparation method thereof, and an application method thereof. The special-purposed fertilizer comprises raw materials of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and organic matters. The fertilizer is prepared through pan granulation. A mass ratio of the nutrients in the special-purposed fertilizer is represented by that N:P2O5:K2O=5-7:15-20:3-4. The alfalfa special-purposed fertilizer provided by the invention can be applied as a basal fertilizer or a top dressing. The fertilizer is advantaged in simple production technology, low cost, environment-friendliness, high utilization rate, and substantial yield-increasing effect. The fertilizer satisfies requirements of high yield and high-quality production of alfalfa plantation in saline-alkali lands or non-saline-alkali lands with middle or low land capabilities.

Description

A kind of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer and preparation and application process
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fertilizer manufacturing, particularly a kind of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer and preparation and application process.
Background technology
Alfalfa (Medicago stativa L.) is Perennial legume forages, is also China and even the herbage variety of cultivated area maximum in the world.The advantages such as, quality better high due to its strong adaptability, output have the laudatory title of " King of Pasture ".China is the country of protein feed resources shortage, and development quality alfalfa grass meal has become a new technological industry of exploitation protein feed resource.
CN101099432A (CN200710055909.7) discloses a kind of alfalfa drought resisting, anti-freezing cultivating method, wherein having announced fertilization time is disposable all fertilizer that apply before soil cultivation, fertilizer can be composite fertilizer or unitary class fertilizer carries out proportioning, wherein, to execute N be 30~45kg, P to per hectare 2O 5Be 135~180kg, K 2O is 135~180kg; CN101904265A (CN201010233703.0) discloses a kind of cultivating method of alfalfa in low-salt and-alkali cultivated land, wherein mentioning combined seed and fertilizer drill ditches on the ridge and executes seed manure, seed manure is that the mixing of diammonium phosphate and vitriolate of tartar is fertile, and the amount of application of diammonium phosphate is 145kg/hm 2~155kg/hm 2, the amount of application of vitriolate of tartar is 45kg/hm 2~75kg/hm 2In the prior art of having announced, the applying fertilizer of alfalfa is all general commercially available general fertilizer, also there is no up to now the report about the alfalfa special fertilizer.
The Shandong Province is the important livestock industry producing region of China, is also the main plantation area of northern alfalfa.But be subjected to the impact of traditional planting layout and policy, alfalfa production base, Shandong Province is distributed in yellow riffle area more, and take middle-and-low-yielding fields as main, soil type mostly is mild or moderate saline-alkali soil, and the basic soil fertility of soil is on the low side, the preserve moisture and fertility ability; In the alfalfa production process, by the long-term excessive quick-acting chemical fertilizer of using of prior art, fertilizer nutrient this season utilization ratio is very low, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer only has 30~35%, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is about 10~20%, potassium utilization rate is 35~50%, causes serious environmental pollution when bringing the tremendous economic loss.Therefore, according to soil property characteristics and the regulation of fertilizer requirement in Alfalfa Growing area, Shandong Province, provide a kind of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer and preparation and application process.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended to make up the deficiency of existing alfalfa production and application fertilizer technology, according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of alfalfa and in the soil property characteristics in the soil fertility saltings such as low or plantation area, non-saltings, a kind of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer and preparation and application process are provided.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer is made by the prior art disc granulation by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic matter material, and wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are pressed N: P 2O 5: K 2The nutrients ratio combination of O=5~7: 15~20: 3~4;
Organic matter material is weathered coal, peat soil or brown coal; The consumption of organic matter material is 30~55wt% of alfalfa special fertilizer total mass.Wherein preferred weathered coal or peat soil.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate.
Described phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate.
Described potash fertilizer is selected from vitriolate of tartar or Repone K.
Described when the prior art disc granulation, need to add appropriate pelletizing additives, described pelletizing additives is selected from wilkinite, attapulgite or kaolin.Preferred pelletizing additives consumption is 3~5wt% of alfalfa special fertilizer total mass; Preferred pelletizing additives is wilkinite.
Further preferred, the alfalfa special fertilizer, one of composition of raw materials such as following A~D:
A. alfalfa special fertilizer, raw materials quality part consists of: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 8 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 38 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites.
This alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=7: 20: 4; This formula is particularly suitable for using in the saltings of the soil fertility such as low.
B. alfalfa special fertilizer, raw materials quality part consists of: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 6 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 52 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites;
This alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=5: 15: 3; This formula is particularly suitable for using in the saltings in medium soil fertility.
C. alfalfa special fertilizer, raw materials quality part consists of: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 7 parts, Repone K, 39 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites;
This alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=7: 20: 4; This formula is particularly suitable for using in the non-saltings of the soil fertility such as low.
D. alfalfa special fertilizer, raw materials quality part consists of: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 5 parts, Repone K, 53 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites;
This alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=5: 15: 3; This formula is particularly suitable for using in the non-saltings in medium soil fertility.
The preparation method of alfalfa special fertilizer of the present invention is as follows:
Each raw material pulverizing to particle diameter 0.1~0.3mm, is mixed by proportioning, stir, add pelletizing additives to deliver to granulation in granulating disc, granulation is dried to water content≤10wt% by 60~70 ℃, namely gets the alfalfa special fertilizer.
Further preferred, it is the particle of 1~4.75mm that dried alfalfa special fertilizer is further sieved the cut-off footpath, as being alfalfa special fertilizer finished product.
Saltings or the non-saltings of the soil fertility such as low during alfalfa special fertilizer of the present invention is suitable for.
The application process of alfalfa special fertilizer of the present invention is as follows:
Alfalfa special fertilizer of the present invention can be made base manure or topdress and use.When using as base manure, base manure amount of application 950~1050kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 450~550kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 150~300kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2Should in time water or earthing after fertilising, carry out field management by prior art.
Effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, organic content is abundant
Humic acids is one of main component of the soil organism, special fertilizer of the present invention adopts and is rich in weathered coal, peat soil or the brown coal of humic acids as Source Organic Matter, life-time service can strengthen soil aggregate, keeps the balance of Trace Elements in Soil, improves the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability.
2, nutrient reasonable ratio
Soil fertility saltings or the non-saltings such as low during northern China Alfalfa Growing district generally is selected in, for example Shandong Province's Alfalfa Growing focuses mostly on along the Huanghe Beach area, and take low moderate saline-alkali soil as main, soil basis soil fertility is lower.Special fertilizer of the present invention for the regulation of fertilizer requirement of alfalfa and in the soil property characteristics configuration in the soil fertility saltings such as low or plantation area, non-saltings form, the nutrient reasonable ratio, with strong points, utilization rate of fertilizer is high.
Embodiment
Urea (46-0-0) used in embodiment is produced by Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Factory, Shandong; monoammonium phosphate (11-44-0) is produced by Hunan, Hubei cloud chemical industry stock company; vitriolate of tartar (0-0-50) and Repone K (0-0-60) are by Shandong Haihua Group production; weathered coal is produced by the prosperous humic acid factory of reaching in Shanxi; organic content 〉=50wt%; free state content of humic acid 〉=30wt%, wilkinite is produced by Weifang China Weihe River wilkinite Group Plc.
Described nitrogen fertilizer amount with N calculate, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P 2O 5Calculating, Potassium Fertilizer are with K 2O calculates, and the nutrient mass ratio is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=5~7: 15~20: 3~4.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of alfalfa special fertilizer, take urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, weathered coal as basic raw material, the mass parts of each component is: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 8 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 38 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites.
The preparation method is as follows:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, weathered coal raw material and the pelletizing additives wilkinite of each feed composition all are crushed to particle diameter 0.1~0.3mm; and mix; deliver to beginning granulation in granulating disc; granulation is dried to water content≤10wt% by 60~70 ℃, and the particle of sieve cut-off footpath 1~4.75mm is alfalfa special fertilizer finished product.
The alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content that makes is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=7: 20: 4.
This alfalfa special fertilizer is particularly suitable for using in the saltings of the soil fertility such as low, base manure amount of application 1000kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 500kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 200kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2, water after fertilising.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of alfalfa special fertilizer, take urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, weathered coal as raw material, the mass parts of each component is: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 6 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 52 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content that makes is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=5: 15: 3.
This alfalfa special fertilizer is particularly suitable for using in the saltings of medium soil fertility, base manure amount of application 1000kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 500kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 200kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2, water after fertilising.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of alfalfa special fertilizer, take urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, peat soil as raw material, the mass parts of each component is: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 7 parts, Repone K, 39 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content that makes is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=7: 20: 4.
This alfalfa special fertilizer is particularly suitable for using in the non-saltings of the soil fertility such as low, base manure amount of application 1000kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 500kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 200kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2, water after fertilising.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of alfalfa special fertilizer, take urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, peat soil as raw material, the mass parts of each component is: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 5 parts, Repone K, 53 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The alfalfa special fertilizer nutrient content that makes is N: P 2O 5: K 2O=5: 15: 3.
This alfalfa special fertilizer is particularly suitable for using in the non-saltings of medium soil fertility, base manure amount of application 1000kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 500kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 200kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2, water after fertilising.
The field experiment result:
Comparative Examples: potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and diammonium phosphate (13-44-0) are produced by Lubei Enterprise Group Co, Shandong.
The effect of above embodiment 1~4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Guangrao County, Dongying city, Accessories during Binzhou Wudi County, Shandong Province, Jiyang County, Jinan City, Shandong Province, Shouguang City, Weifang City, Shandong Province.
Test period: 2010~2011.
For trying alfalfa cultivars: No. 1 alfalfa variety of lucerne, Wudi County and No. 1 alfalfa variety of Shouguang City's plantation Shandong lucerne in the golden queen's alfalfa variety of Guangrao County's plantation, Jiyang County plantation.
Each experimental point establish basic soil fertility low, in two test sites, 4 kinds of fertilizer of embodiment 1~4, application process: base manure amount of application 1000kg/hm are used in grouping respectively 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 500kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 200kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2, water after fertilising.And take Comparative Examples fertilizer as contrast, the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount is pressed local farmers custom consumption, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is as base manure, amount of application 750kg/hm 2, period of seedling establishment imposes diammonium phosphate, amount of application 300kg/hm 2, water after fertilising.The effect average result see Table 1 with table 2.
Table 1. is compared the effect of increasing production of embodiment 1~4 with Comparative Examples
Figure BDA0000118263510000041
Table 2. is compared the fertilising cost contrast of embodiment 1~4 with Comparative Examples
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer, made by the prior art disc granulation by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic matter material, and wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are pressed N:P 2O 5: K 2The nutrients ratio combination of O=5~7:15~20:3~4; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; Described phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; Described potash fertilizer is selected from vitriolate of tartar or Repone K;
Described organic matter material is weathered coal, peat soil or brown coal; The consumption of organic matter material is 30~55wt% of alfalfa special fertilizer total mass;
Pelletizing additives during described disc granulation is selected from wilkinite, attapulgite or kaolin, and described pelletizing additives consumption is 3~5wt% of alfalfa special fertilizer total mass;
Preparation by the following method:
Each raw material pulverizing to particle diameter 0.1~0.3mm, is mixed by proportioning, stir, add pelletizing additives to deliver to granulation in granulating disc, granulation is dried to water content≤10wt% by 60~70 ℃, namely gets the alfalfa special fertilizer;
It is the particle of 1~4.75mm that dried alfalfa special fertilizer is further sieved the cut-off footpath, as alfalfa special fertilizer finished product.
2. middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that raw materials quality part consists of: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 8 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 38 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites; Use in the saltings that is adapted at the soil fertility such as low.
3. middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that raw materials quality part consists of: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 6 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 52 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites; Use in the saltings that is adapted at medium soil fertility.
4. middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that raw materials quality part consists of: 4 parts, urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 7 parts, Repone K, 39 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites; Use in the non-saltings that is adapted at the soil fertility such as low.
5. middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that raw materials quality part consists of: 3 parts, urea, 34 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 5 parts, Repone K, 53 parts of peat soils, 5 parts of pelletizing additives wilkinites; Use in the non-saltings that is adapted at medium soil fertility.
6. the application process of the described middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa of claim 1~5 any one special fertilizer, make base manure or topdress and use; Wherein, when using as base manure, base manure amount of application 950~1050kg/hm 2, the period of seedling establishment amount of application 450~550kg/hm that topdresses 2, amount of application 150~300kg/hm topdresses after cradling 2
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CN108191579A (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-06-22 东北农业大学 A kind of Frigid black soil agriculture district alfalfa special complex fertilizer
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