CN102513919B - Method for grinding aluminum oxide ceramic ball based on soft grinding material fixation grinding tool - Google Patents
Method for grinding aluminum oxide ceramic ball based on soft grinding material fixation grinding tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513919B CN102513919B CN201110413995.0A CN201110413995A CN102513919B CN 102513919 B CN102513919 B CN 102513919B CN 201110413995 A CN201110413995 A CN 201110413995A CN 102513919 B CN102513919 B CN 102513919B
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- oxide ceramic
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for grinding an aluminum oxide ceramic ball based on a soft grinding material fixation grinding tool, comprising the following steps: 1) preparing the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool from a soft grinding material, a curing agent and a filling agent, wherein the hardness of the soft grinding material is lower than the hardness of an aluminum oxide ceramic; 2) thermoforming prepared ingredients in a mold, unloading the mold, thermo-curing and trimming upper and lower end faces so as to ensure the evenness and the parallelism of the end faces of the grinding tool; 3) mounting the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool on an upper disc of a grinding machine, wherein a lower disc adopts an iron cast grinding disc or the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool; placing the aluminum oxide ceramic ball to be machined into a raceway of a lower disc and starting the grinding machine; injecting alkaline cooling liquid between the upper and lower discs; and scratching the surface of the aluminum oxide ceramic ball by grinding grains on the soft grinding material fixation grinding tool, so as to realize the finish machining of the aluminum oxide ceramic ball. According to the invention, the machining quality of the aluminum oxide ceramic ball can be improved, the machining efficiency is improved and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ginding process of aluminium oxide ceramic ball, efficient, high-quality Ginding process that especially aluminium oxide ceramic ball fine finishining is used.
Background technology
Along with the development of industrial technology, machine tools and instruments equipment is proposed to the performance requirements such as high speed, high accuracy, high reliability.Compared with traditional bearing steel, it is little that aluminium oxide ceramics has density, hardness is high, elastic modelling quantity is high (rigidity is high), wear-resistant, thermal coefficient of expansion is low, heat endurance and chemically stable is good, insulation, without very good combination properties such as magnetic, be considered to manufacture the optimal material of bearing roller, and obtain very ten-strike in the application of ceramic ball bearing (steel race ring, ceramic material rolling element .).The excellent combination properties such as ceramic ball bearing has that long service life (steel bearing 2～5 times), rotating speed are high, overall precision and good rigidity, thermal stability are good and nonmagnetic, at high temperature, at a high speed, there is boundless application prospect under the condition of work such as high accuracy, acid and alkali corrosion, galvano-cautery, high-intensity magnetic field, unlubricated or medium be lubricated, be widely used in the numerous areas such as Aero-Space, military affairs, oil, chemical industry and high speed and precision machinery.
But, aluminium oxide ceramics belongs to hard crisp difficult-to-machine material, traditional ceramic ball processing mainly adopts the V-shaped groove polishing that grinds steel ball, adopt the diamond abrasive of hard as abrasive media, the method that adopts free abrasive to grind is processed, the process-cycle long (complete ceramic batch ball and need 12～15 days).Very long process and expensive diamond abrasive have caused high manufacturing cost.Research experience both domestic and external shows, the working (machining) efficiency of aluminium oxide ceramics rolling element is low, processing cost height is the main cause that restriction ceramic ball bearing is applied.
In free abrasive process of lapping, abrasive particle is mainly realized material in the mode of rolling and is removed, and the abrasive particle quantity that participates in material removal in the unit interval is few, and material removing rate is low.In order to overcome the problem that free abrasive working (machining) efficiency is lower, the mechanisms the such as at present report such as existing patent, technical paper has been developed the quick removal of fixed abrasive material (emery wheel) grinding technique for the allowance of Ceramic Balls, the delineation of the hard abrasive materials such as diamond that utilization is consolidated, boron carbide, carborundum (hardness of these abrasive materials will higher than Ceramic Balls material) realize the efficient removal to Ceramic Balls material.In Solid abrasives lapping processing, abrasive particle is cemented in together, and abrasive particle is mainly removed workpiece material with the form of delineation, and the abrasive particle quantity that participates in processing is many, can obtain very high material removing rate.But, aluminium oxide ceramic ball effects on surface/subsurface crackle with hard crisp characteristic is very responsive, under larger load, realize the material of aluminium oxide ceramic ball with the mechanism of the hard abrasive materials such as diamond, boron carbide, carborundum and remove, be easy to cause surface damages such as pit, cut and micro-crack on aluminium oxide ceramic ball surface.These blemish can expansion form larger embrittlement cracking under the effect of external load, thereby cause the catastrophic failure of Ceramic Balls, have seriously reduced the serviceability of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.Therefore, the fixed abrasive material process technology of exploitation is mainly applicable to the efficient removal of aluminium oxide ceramic ball allowance at present, is difficult to obtain the high-quality surface without surface damage.The accurately machined main purpose of aluminium oxide ceramic ball is further to improve the Surface Machining defect that semifinishing causes, and improves surface quality and the precision of Ceramic Balls, until reach the requirement of finished product.Therefore, the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball seldom adopts the fixed abrasive material processing method of the hard abrasive materials such as these diamonds, boron carbide, carborundum.And the grinding/finishing method that still adopts the free abrasive of chromium oxide, diadust etc. carries out fine finishining, therefore, the working (machining) efficiency in aluminium oxide ceramic ball fine finishining stage is still very low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that aluminium oxide ceramic ball fine finishining stage efficiency is low, cost is high, the invention provides a kind of machined surface quality, working (machining) efficiency is high, production cost the is low aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Based on an aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process for mild abrasives set grinding tool, this Ginding process comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of mild abrasives set grinding tool: described mild abrasives set grinding tool is by mild abrasives, curing agent and filler are formulated, the hardness of described mild abrasives is lower than aluminium oxide ceramics, the quality percentage composition of three kinds of components is respectively: mild abrasives 60%～80%, curing agent 10%～20%, filler 10%～20%; Mild abrasives, curing agent, filler are mixed, stir;
2) making of mild abrasives set grinding tool: by the batching configuring hot forming in mould, complete heat cure after the demoulding, and its upper and lower end face is repaired, ensure flatness and the depth of parallelism of grinding tool upper and lower end face;
3) fine finishining of mild abrasives set grinding tool to aluminium oxide ceramic ball: mild abrasives set grinding tool is installed on to the upper dish of grinder, lower wall adopts cast iron mill or mild abrasives set grinding tool; Aluminium oxide ceramic ball to be processed is placed in the raceway of lower wall, starts grinder, and between upper lower burrs, injects alkaline cooling fluid; Abrasive particle on mild abrasives set grinding tool carries out scratching to aluminium oxide ceramic ball surface, realizes the fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
Preferably, in described step 3) in, under the effect of pressure and relative velocity, mild abrasives on set grinding tool and aluminium oxide contact area and alumina material generation solid phase reaction, generation one deck is soft, the easy reaction product layer of removing, and utilize the rubbing action between follow-up abrasive material and product layer that product layer is removed, thereby realize the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
Further, described mild abrasives is silica, and the Mohs' hardness of described mild abrasives is 7.
Further again, described curing agent is one of following: 1. epoxy curing agent, 2. unsaturated-resin curing agent, 3. novolac resin, 4. thermosetting phenolic resin, 5. polyamide curing agent, 6. phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, 7. phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, 8. boron bakelite resin, 9. organosilicon phenolic resins etc.
Further, described filler is one or several following mixing: 1. NaOH, 2. sodium acid carbonate, 3. starch based filler, 4. carbohydrate filler, 5. cellulose family filler, 6. inorganic salts filler.
Preferred another kind of scheme: described step 2) in, in heat pressure forming process, pressure is 300-600kg/cm
2, hot pressing temperature, according to the difference of curing agent, is arranged on 100-200 DEG C, and hot pressing time is arranged on 45-120min according to difference between grinding tool.Described step 2) in, in solidification process, oven temperature remains on 80-200 DEG C, drying time 10-48 hour; Be less than for grinding tool diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool can directly be made into monoblock type grinding tool; Be greater than for diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool, can be made into fan-shaped grinding tool piece, be assembled in use circular millstone.
Described step 2) in, in dressing process, flatness and the depth of parallelism should be controlled in 0.1mm.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: adopt the low mild abrasives of hardness ratio aluminium oxide ceramic ball hardness, be mixed with fixed abrasive material grinding tool, in process, utilize the solid phase reaction between mild abrasives and alumina material,, the easy reaction product layer removed soft at aluminium oxide ceramic ball surface formation one deck, and utilize the rubbing action between follow-up abrasive material and product layer that product layer is removed, thereby realize the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.Due to, the abrasive hardness adopting is far below the hardness of aluminium oxide ceramic ball, therefore the surface damage such as such as pit, cut and micro-crack causing when this processing method can not cause the hard abrasive machining aluminium oxide ceramic balls such as diamond, boron carbide, carborundum to aluminium oxide ceramic ball, has therefore improved the crudy that can improve aluminium oxide ceramic ball.On the other hand, owing to having adopted fixed abrasive material grinding tool, soft abrasive material is consolidated, the abrasive particle quantity that participates in processing is provided, therefore improved the accurately machined working (machining) efficiency of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
Utilize the solid phase reaction between mild abrasives and alumina material,, the easy reaction product layer removed soft at aluminium oxide ceramic ball surface formation one deck, and utilize the rubbing action between follow-up abrasive material and product layer that product layer is removed, thereby realize the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.Below provide silica (SiO
2) and aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) ceramic material reacts at a certain temperature and generates the equation of mullite:
3Al
2O
3+2SiO
2→Al
6O
13Si
2 (1)
Mullite Mohs' hardness is 6.5-7.5, far below the hardness (being about 9) of aluminium oxide ceramics, and close with the hardness of the abrasive material such as cerium oxide, zirconia.Therefore, adopt these mild abrasives to carry out fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball, it not the pure mechanism of utilizing abrasive material, but realizing material, chemical-mechanical (friction) effect that has utilized abrasive material and workpiece removes, thereby can not cause surface damages such as pit, cut and micro-crack aluminium oxide ceramic ball, thereby obtain smooth undamaged surface.
Alkalescence cooling fluid is also the important component part of the solid phase reaction of aluminium oxide ceramics.Alkali has not only promoted the carrying out of chemically mechanical polishing, and has participated in directly and the chemical reaction of alumina material, has strengthened the effect of chemically mechanical polishing.As while using NaOH cooling fluid, aluminium oxide can react with base and generate sodium metaaluminate NaAlO
2and H
2o.Their reaction equation is as follows:
Al
2O
3+2NaOH→2NaAlO
2+H
2O (2)
Solid phase reaction between this mild abrasives and aluminium oxide ceramic ball can not be carried out in oil base environment.Its main cause is that conductance and the dissolubility of oil base polishing fluid is almost nil.The carrying out that oil film between abrasive material and workpiece has stoped chemical reaction between them, even if having also very faint.
On the other hand, owing to having adopted fixed abrasive material grinding tool, soft abrasive material is consolidated, compared with grinding with traditional free abrasive, not only improve the abrasive particle quantity that participates in processing, and increased the constraint to abrasive particle, and reduce the Free-rolling of abrasive particle, therefore improve the accurately machined working (machining) efficiency of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: reduce the surface damage that abrasive particle machinery removal effect causes aluminium oxide ceramic ball, improve the crudy of aluminium oxide ceramic ball, process velocity is very fast, working (machining) efficiency is high, reduce production costs.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of mild abrasives set grinding tool.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of large diameter mild abrasives set grinding tool piecemeal assembling.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of mild abrasives set grinding tool is arranged on the principle schematic on grinder.
The principle schematic of Fig. 4 mild abrasives and aluminium oxide ceramic ball generation solid phase reaction.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Based on an aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process for mild abrasives set grinding tool, this Ginding process comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of mild abrasives set grinding tool:
With reference to Fig. 1, described mild abrasives set grinding tool comprises soft abrasive particle 1, curing agent (bonding agent) 2 and filler 3, and its quality percentage composition is respectively: mild abrasives 60%～80%, curing agent 10%～20%, filler 10%～20%.Mild abrasives, curing agent, filler are mixed, stir;
2) making of mild abrasives set grinding tool:
The mild abrasives set grinding tool batching configuring is put into grinding tool, hot forming.Pressure is 300-600kg/cm
2, hot pressing temperature, according to the difference of curing agent, is arranged on 100-200 DEG C, and hot pressing time is arranged on 45-120min according to difference between grinding tool.The grinding tool demoulding after hot forming, put into curing oven, oven temperature remains on 80-200 DEG C, drying time 10-48 hour; Be less than for grinding tool diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool can directly be made into monoblock type grinding tool.Be greater than for diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool, with reference to Fig. 2, can be made into fan-shaped grinding tool piece 1, when use, some fan-shaped grinding tool pieces are bonded in circular base plate 2 with binding agent, be assembled into circular millstone.After mild abrasives set grinding tool completes, its end face is repaired, to ensure flatness and the depth of parallelism of finishing face, flatness and the depth of parallelism should be controlled in 0.1mm.
3) adopt mild abrasives set grinding tool to carry out fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball:
First carry out the installation of mild abrasives set grinding tool, with reference to Fig. 3, adopt binding agent that mild abrasives set grinding tool 1 is bonded on grinding tool basal disc 2, then basal disc 2 is connected with the upper plate tire 3 of grinder with bolt.Mild abrasives set grinding tool uses as the upper dish of grinder.Basal disc is made up of steel, cast iron or aluminium alloy.
With reference to Fig. 3, aluminium oxide ceramic ball to be processed 4 (having completed roughing or semifinishing) is placed on to (rolling cross sectional shape is V-arrangement or semicircle) in the ring raceway 5 of offering on the lower millstone 6 of grinder, and lower abrasive disk is cast iron (or adopting equally mild abrasives set grinding tool).Press down the upper dish that mild abrasives set grinding tool has been installed, start grinder.And between upper and lower dish, inject alkaline cooling fluid 7.Under the effect of pressure and relative velocity, mild abrasives on set grinding tool and aluminium oxide contact area and alumina material generation solid phase reaction (referring to Fig. 4), production one deck is soft, the easy reaction product layer of removing, and utilize the rubbing action between follow-up abrasive material and product layer that product layer is removed, thereby realize the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.Due to, the abrasive hardness adopting is far below the hardness of aluminium oxide ceramic ball, and therefore this processing method can not cause surface damages such as pit, cut and micro-crack aluminium oxide ceramic ball, has therefore improved the crudy that can improve aluminium oxide ceramic ball.On the other hand, owing to having adopted fixed abrasive material grinding tool, soft abrasive material is consolidated, has improved the abrasive particle quantity that participates in processing, therefore improved the accurately machined working (machining) efficiency of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
Described mild abrasives is silica.Also can be other soft abrasive particles.
Described curing agent is one of following: 1. epoxy curing agent, 2. unsaturated-resin curing agent, 3. novolac resin, 4. thermosetting phenolic resin, 5. polyamide curing agent, 6. phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, 7. phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, 8. boron bakelite resin, 9. organosilicon phenolic resins etc.
Described filler is one or several following mixing: 1. NaOH, 2. sodium acid carbonate, 3. starch based filler, 4. carbohydrate filler, 5. cellulose family filler, 6. inorganic salts filler.
The present embodiment is chosen at the fine finishining of carrying out aluminium oxide ceramic ball on 3M7240L vertical steel ball lapping machine.Embodiment condition is as shown in table 1.Mild abrasives set grinding tool has adopted silica mild abrasives to make respectively, and other making is all identical with machined parameters.Use mild abrasives set grinding tool pair
aluminium oxide ceramic ball process.In process, adopt alkaline cooling fluid to carry out Cooling and Lubricator.Before embodiment starts, need to there is the beforehand research time of 2-5 hour to be used for guaranteeing that Ceramic Balls contacts well between the groove of lower abrasive disk and the soft fixed abrasive material of top lap.
Table 1
Table 2 has shown the processing result of aluminium oxide ceramic ball in embodiment.Result shows, aluminium oxide ceramic ball material removing rate in the present embodiment is stable, (under same process condition, adopt free diadust to carry out fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball) compared with traditional process of lapping, material removing rate is almost under the same conditions 2-3 times.In the present embodiment, adopt silica mild abrasives set grinding tool to carry out fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball, surface roughness is 3-5nm, is obviously better than the surface roughness that traditional method for fine finishing obtains.This shows that mild abrasives set grinding tool Ginding process, aspect the aluminium oxide ceramic ball finishing technology of replacement biography, has a good application prospect.
Table 2
Upper example is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and every any modifications and changes of doing according to this patent, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool, is characterized in that: this Ginding process comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of mild abrasives set grinding tool: described mild abrasives set grinding tool is by mild abrasives, curing agent and filler are formulated, the hardness of described mild abrasives is lower than aluminium oxide ceramics, the quality percentage composition of three kinds of components is respectively: mild abrasives 60%～80%, curing agent 10%～20%, filler 10%～20%; Mild abrasives, curing agent, filler are mixed, stir;
2) making of mild abrasives set grinding tool: by the batching configuring hot forming in mould, complete heat cure after the demoulding, and its upper and lower end face is repaired, ensure flatness and the depth of parallelism of grinding tool upper and lower end face;
3) fine finishining of mild abrasives set grinding tool to aluminium oxide ceramic ball: mild abrasives set grinding tool is installed on to the upper dish of grinder, lower wall adopts cast iron mill or mild abrasives set grinding tool; Aluminium oxide ceramic ball to be processed is placed in the raceway of lower wall, starts grinder, and between upper lower burrs, injects alkaline cooling fluid; Abrasive particle on mild abrasives set grinding tool carries out scratching to aluminium oxide ceramic ball surface, realizes the fine finishining to aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
2. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), under the effect of pressure and relative velocity, mild abrasives on set grinding tool and aluminium oxide contact area and alumina material generation solid phase reaction, generation one deck is soft, the easy reaction product layer of removing, and utilize the rubbing action between follow-up abrasive material and product layer that product layer is removed, thereby realize the fine finishining of aluminium oxide ceramic ball.
3. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described mild abrasives is silica, the Mohs' hardness of described mild abrasives is 7.
4. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described curing agent is one of following: 1. epoxy curing agent, 2. unsaturated-resin curing agent, 3. novolac resin, 4. thermosetting phenolic resin, 5. polyamide curing agent, 6. phenolic aldehyde-acetal resin, 7. phenolic aldehyde-epoxy resin, 8. boron bakelite resin, 9. organosilicon phenolic resins.
5. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described filler is one or several following mixing: 1. NaOH, 2. sodium acid carbonate, 3. starch based filler, 4. carbohydrate filler, 5. cellulose family filler, 6. inorganic salts filler.
6. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, in heat pressure forming process, pressure is 300-600kg/cm
2, hot pressing temperature, according to the difference of curing agent, is arranged on 100-200 DEG C, and hot pressing time is arranged on 45-120min according to difference between grinding tool.
7. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, in solidification process, oven temperature remains on 80-200 DEG C, drying time 10-48 hour; Be less than for grinding tool diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool can directly be made into monoblock type grinding tool; Be greater than for diameter
mild abrasives set grinding tool, can be made into fan-shaped grinding tool piece, be assembled in use circular millstone.
8. the aluminium oxide ceramic ball Ginding process based on mild abrasives set grinding tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, in dressing process, flatness and the depth of parallelism should be controlled in 0.1mm.
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| CN108081117A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-29 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of lithium tantalate polishing method based on mild abrasives fixation grinding tool |
| CN108081157A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-29 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of mild abrasives fixation grinding tool for polishing lithium tantalate wafer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107953148A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江工业大学 | It is a kind of based on the sapphire wafer polishing method for including neodymium compound mild abrasives fixation grinding tool |
| CN108098569B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-05-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Neodymium-contained soft abrasive fixing grinding tool for polishing sapphire wafer and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109702586B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-09-21 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Planetary ceramic ball grinding device and use method |
| CN110065012A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-30 | 浙江工业大学 | Abrasive grain distribution is controllable and includes the 3D printing grinding wheel preparation method and device of pore structure and self-cooling channel |
| CN114905368A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-16 | 吕迅 | Processing device and processing method for fixed abrasive particles in discontinuous region of precise sphere |
| CN115229666B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2023-12-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precise grinding and on-line dressing method and device for micro-spheres |
| CN115008356B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-05-05 | 华侨大学 | Preparation method of soft and hard composite structure thinning grinding wheel |
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