CN108040732B - Rapid cultivation method for full-crown greening container large seedlings of camphor trees - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method for full-crown greening container large seedlings of camphor trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040732B CN108040732B CN201711492112.3A CN201711492112A CN108040732B CN 108040732 B CN108040732 B CN 108040732B CN 201711492112 A CN201711492112 A CN 201711492112A CN 108040732 B CN108040732 B CN 108040732B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container big seedlings of camphor trees relates to a big seedling cultivation method. During the best transplanting season of camphor trees, the transplanting survival rate is not ideal enough, the tree body needs to be recovered for a long time, and the landscape effect cannot be presented in time. The invention comprises the following steps: 1) selecting nursery stocks; 2) pruning the nursery stock; 3) lifting and transporting seedlings; 4) planting the nursery stock, namely paving a black plastic mulching film layer with the thickness of more than 0.02mm on the leveled nursery land; the black PVC root control container is enclosed into a circle; 5) managing the nursery land; the fertilizing part is a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container; 6) and (5) outplanting. The camphor tree greening nursery stock cultivated by the method has no seedling revival stage after the engineering transplantation, can quickly form the ecological landscape effect, quickly beautifies the living environment of people and the landscape of urban space, can improve the economic benefit of enterprises or seedling farmers in a short period, and realizes the common promotion of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large seedling cultivation method, in particular to a rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container large seedlings of camphor trees.
Background
Camphor treeCinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl also known as Cinnamomum camphora, etc., belonging to the genus Lauraceae, CinnamomumCinnamomumEvergreen big trees. The tree has big and thick crowns, a tree posture is ambitious, the sprouting ability is strong, the pruning resistance is high, and the capabilities of smoking dust retention, water source conservation, soil fixation and sand prevention and environment beautification are strong. The camphor tree is an important and excellent greening tree species in subtropical regions in China, is widely used as a shade tree, a street tree, a protection forest and a landscape forest, and is also a city tree in many cities in China.
The camphor trees are distributed or cultivated in all the southern provinces, and more Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan are used, wherein Zhejiang is the largest cultivation base for greening seedlings of camphor trees. In the market, camphor tree greening seedlings of various specifications are required and supplied, and the number of seedlings with the diameter at breast height of 12-30 cm is the largest. The best transplanting season of camphor trees is 3 to 4 in the middle of the month, but mainly seedlings with soil balls and moderate pruning when the seedlings are out of nursery are still used, the transplanting survival rate is not ideal, the trees need to be recovered for a long time, and the landscape effect cannot be presented in time. With the rising of the cost of labor force, land and the like, the economic benefit of the nursery stock enterprises or nursery stock farmers planting camphor trees in the field is narrowed. On the other hand, the demand of people for high-quality ecological landscape environment is continuously rising. The garden landscape engineering is required to achieve the effects of fast growth of the transplanted seedlings, fast formation of landscape effect and remarkable enhancement of ecological benefit and social benefit. Therefore, a cultivation method of camphor tree exquisite greening seedlings which have high economic benefit, beautiful crown shapes, capability of transplanting all year around and short cultivation period is in urgent need to be summarized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide the technical task of perfecting and improving the prior technical scheme and providing a rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees so as to achieve the aim of rapidly forming ecological landscapes. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A rapid cultivation method of full-canopy greening container big seedlings of camphor trees comprises the following steps:
1) seedling selection
Selecting camphor tree seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases and pests, have good tree-shaped crowns and have the diameter at breast height of 12-30 cm in a nursery;
2) pruning of nursery stock
Pruning selected camphor tree seedlings before seedling lifting, cutting off small branches 2/5-3/5 and leaves 2/3-3/4 of the whole canopy, and smearing the cut with the diameter of more than 2cm with smearing liquid;
3) seedling lifting and transporting
Before seedling lifting, the 3/5-4/5 part of a seedling tree trunk from the ground to the whole tree trunk height is wound by felt cloth, the felt cloth is wound by 2-4 layers, and the diameter of a soil ball is 5-6 times of the diameter at breast height; paving moist and loose soil with the thickness of 15-20 cm in a carriage of a vehicle for transporting the nursery stocks, hoisting the nursery stocks, regularly placing the nursery stocks in the carriage, and transporting the nursery stocks to a nursery stock cultivation area;
4) planting nursery stock
Leveling a nursery stock cultivation area, and paving a black plastic mulching film layer with the thickness of more than 0.02mm on a leveled nursery land; the black PVC root control container is enclosed into a circle, the diameter of the circle is 7-8 times of the diameter of a chest of a planned camphor tree seedling, a 20-30 cm mixture of acid yellow red soil and decomposed organic fertilizer is laid at the bottom, and the volume ratio of the acid yellow red soil to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 3: 1-5: 1; the height specification of the black PVC root control container is 60 cm-100 cm, and the placing density of the root control container is 4m multiplied by 4 m-8 m multiplied by 8 m; hoisting the nursery stock into a root control container, and erecting the nursery stock by using a support; fully filling the gap between the soil ball for planting the nursery stock and the root control container with the mixture of the soil and the organic fertilizer, and then pouring enough root fixing water;
5) nursery management
The next day after the root fixing water is sufficiently poured, 50 mg.L of water is poured into the root control container-1The GGR6 solution is irrigated once again every 9 to 11 days until the roots can be absorbed; nursery management measures of nursery stocks comprise water, fertilizer and tree management and weeding; a drip irrigation system is adopted for garden moisture management, and 5-8 drip irrigation spray heads are arranged on each nursery stock according to the size of a tree body; in the cultivation process, the moisture in the root control container is kept in a wet state, and when the moisture overflows from the wall or the bottom of the container, the drip irrigation inlet switch is closed in time; topdressing for 1-2 times every month from 5 months to 7 months, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer; the fertilizing part is a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container; along with the temperature rise, the camphor tree seedlings start to germinate a large number of new leaves and new branches; the tree management comprises pruning excessive branches to ensure that the reserved branches are reasonable in quantity and fast in growth, and thick crowns can be formed in time; weeding follows the principle of 'removing early and removing small';
6) coming out of nursery
In late 10 months of the year, camphor trees in the nursery land reach the standard of full-crown greening nursery stock outplanting; the seedlings can be outplanted in batches in all seasons within one whole year from 10 late ten days to 9 months next year; and when the seedlings are out of the nursery, the whole seedlings and the root control container are loaded and transported to a greening construction site.
After the low-quality and low-price camphor tree seedlings which are required by a large amount in the market and have the diameter at breast height of 12-30 cm and can be outplanted with soil balls are quickly cultivated, high-value full-crown fine greening container seedlings are produced, and the full-season outplanting transplantation can be realized all the year round. Moist and loose soil with the thickness of 15-20 cm is paved in a vehicle carriage for transporting the seedlings after the seedlings are lifted, a buffer effect is achieved in the transportation process, and the possibility of soil ball disintegration caused by bumping is reduced. The black plastic mulching layer which is larger than 0.02mm is paved on the ground in the seedling cultivation area, and the measure can prevent the seedling from growing into the underground soil layer in the cultivation process, so that the newly-sent root system can be kept in the root control container, meanwhile, the plastic mulching layer is black and light-proof, the following grass cannot grow, the breakage of the plastic mulching layer can be effectively reduced, and the root system is further prevented from growing into the soil layer below the mulching film. When moisture in the root control container overflows from the wall or the bottom of the container, the drip irrigation inlet switch is closed in time, so that the management cost is saved, and the loss of nutrient elements in the container along with the moisture can be prevented. The fertilizing position is in a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container, and the measure utilizes the fertility of the root system to guide the root system to diffuse into the whole container from the original soil ball.
The camphor tree greening nursery stock cultivated by the technical scheme has no seedling revival stage after engineering transplantation, can quickly form an ecological landscape effect, quickly beautifies the living environment of people and the landscape of urban space, and can improve the economic benefit of enterprises or seedling farmers in a short period, thereby realizing the common promotion of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
As a preferable technical means: in the step 2), reasonably trimming the selected camphor tree seedlings before seedling lifting, and cutting off small branches of the whole crown 1/2.
As a preferable technical means: and 3) winding 2/3 parts of the tree trunks of the seedlings from the ground to the whole tree trunk height by using felt cloth before lifting the seedlings during lifting and transporting the seedlings, wherein the number of winding layers is 3.
As a preferable technical means: and 4) mixing the acid yellow red soil and the decomposed organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 4:1 during field planting of the nursery stock in the step 4).
As a preferable technical means: after watering sufficient root fixing water in nursery management of step 5)The next day, 50 mg.L of the mixture is filled in a root control container-1The GGR6 solution is irrigated once again every 10 days until the roots can be absorbed; topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month from 5 months to 7 months.
As a preferable technical means: the seedling is lifted from 3 to 4 middle of the month. Is favorable for improving the survival rate.
As a preferable technical means: the thickness of the plastic ground film layer is 0.03 mm. The mulching film is too thick, high in cost, too thin and easy to break.
Has the advantages that: the camphor tree greening nursery stock cultivated by the method has no seedling revival stage after the engineering transplantation, can quickly form the ecological landscape effect, quickly beautifies the living environment of people and the landscape of urban space, and can improve the economic benefit of enterprises or seedling farmers in a short period, thereby realizing the common promotion of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1 seedling selection
Selecting camphor tree seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases and pests, have good tree-shaped crown shapes and have the diameter at breast height of 12-30 cm in a nursery land.
S2 pruning the nursery stock
Reasonably pruning selected camphor tree seedlings before seedling lifting, cutting off small branches of the whole canopy 1/2 and blades of 2/3-3/4, and smearing the cut with the diameter of more than 2cm by using a smearing liquid.
S3 seedling lifting and transporting
The seedling is lifted from 3 to 4 middle of the month. And (3) winding the 2/3 part of the tree trunk from the ground to the whole tree trunk height by using felt cloth before lifting the seedlings, wherein the winding thickness is about 3 layers, and the diameter of the soil ball is 5-6 times of the diameter at breast height. Moist and loose soil with the thickness of 15-20 cm is paved in a carriage of a vehicle for transporting the nursery stocks, then the nursery stocks are lifted and regularly placed in the carriage, and then the nursery stocks are transported to a nursery stock cultivation area.
S4 planting the nursery stock
The nursery stock cultivation area needs to be leveled, and a black plastic mulching film layer with the thickness of 0.03mm is paved on the leveled nursery land. The black PVC root control container is enclosed into a circle, the diameter of the circle is 7-8 times of the diameter at breast height of a planned camphor tree seedling, and a mixture of 20-30 cm of acid yellow red soil and decomposed organic fertilizer (volume ratio is 4: 1) is laid at the bottom. The height specification of the black PVC root control container is 60 cm-100 cm, the placing density of the root control container is 4m multiplied by 4 m-8 m multiplied by 8m, and the height specification is determined according to the size of seedlings to be cultivated. Hoisting the nursery stock into a root control container, and erecting the nursery stock by using a support. And fully filling the gap between the soil ball for planting the nursery stock and the root control container with the mixture of the soil and the organic fertilizer, and then pouring enough root fixing water.
S5 nursery management
The next day after the root fixing water is sufficiently poured, 50 mg.L of water is poured into the root control container-1The GGR6 solution is irrigated every 10 days until the roots can absorb the GGR6 solution. The nursery management measures of the nursery stocks mainly comprise water, fertilizer and tree management, weeding and the like. A drip irrigation system is adopted for garden water management, and 5-8 drip irrigation spray heads are arranged on each nursery stock according to the size of a tree body. During the cultivation process, the moisture in the root control container is kept in a wet state, and when the moisture overflows from the wall or the bottom of the container, the drip irrigation inlet switch is closed in time. And (5) after 5 to 7 months, topdressing for 1 time every month, and mainly using nitrogen fertilizer. The fertilizing part is a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container. With the temperature rising, the camphor tree seedlings start to germinate a large number of new leaves and branches. The tree management mainly comprises the step of properly trimming some over-dense branches, so that the reserved branches are reasonable in quantity and fast in growth, and dense crowns can be formed in time. Weeding follows the principle of 'removing early and removing small'.
S6 outplanting
In late 10 months of the year, camphor trees in the nursery land reach the standard of full-crown greening nursery stock outplanting. The seedlings can be outplanted in batches all seasons within one whole year from 10 late ten days to 9 months next year. And when the seedlings are out of the nursery, the whole seedlings and the root control container are loaded and transported to a greening construction site.
Example 2:
the same parts as those in embodiment 1 will not be described again, but the differences are: the seedling is started from late 4 months to early 5 months.
The survival and growth conditions of camphor tree seedlings of 2 examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Table of the survival and growth conditions of camphor tree seedlings in different embodiments
Examples | Survival rate of nursery stock | The ratio of the seedlings out of the nursery to the full-crown seedlings |
Example 1 | 95% | 97% |
Example 2 | 86% | 91% |
The method for quickly cultivating large seedlings of full-canopy greening containers of camphor trees shown in fig. 1 is a specific embodiment of the present invention, has embodied the substantial features and progress of the present invention, and can make equivalent modifications in the aspects of shape, structure and the like according to the practical use requirements and under the teaching of the present invention, which are within the protection scope of the present scheme.
Claims (6)
1. A rapid cultivation method of full-canopy greening container big seedlings of camphor trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seedling selection
Selecting camphor tree seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases and pests, have good tree-shaped crowns and have the diameter at breast height of 12-30 cm in a nursery;
2) pruning of nursery stock
The seedling is lifted from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days of the month; pruning selected camphor tree seedlings before seedling lifting, cutting off small branches 2/5-3/5 and leaves 2/3-3/4 of the whole canopy, and smearing the cut with the diameter of more than 2cm with smearing liquid;
3) seedling lifting and transporting
Before seedling lifting, winding 3/5-4/5 parts of a seedling tree trunk from the ground to the whole tree trunk height by using felt cloth, wherein the felt cloth is wound by 2-4 layers; the diameter of the soil ball is 5-6 times of the breast diameter of the nursery stock; paving moist and loose soil with the thickness of 15-20 cm in a carriage of a vehicle for transporting the nursery stocks, hoisting the nursery stocks, regularly placing the nursery stocks in the carriage, and transporting the nursery stocks to a nursery stock cultivation area;
4) planting nursery stock
Leveling a nursery stock cultivation area, and paving a black plastic mulching film layer with the thickness of more than 0.02mm on the leveled nursery land; the black PVC root control container is enclosed into a circle, the diameter of the circle is 7-8 times of the diameter of a chest of a planned camphor tree seedling, a 20-30 cm mixture of acid yellow red soil and decomposed organic fertilizer is laid at the bottom, and the volume ratio of the acid yellow red soil to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 3: 1-5: 1; the height specification of the black PVC root control container is 60 cm-100 cm, and the placing density of the root control container is 4m multiplied by 4 m-8 m multiplied by 8 m; hoisting the nursery stock into a root control container, and erecting the nursery stock by using a support; fully filling the gap between the soil ball for planting the nursery stock and the root control container with the mixture of the soil and the organic fertilizer, and then pouring enough root fixing water;
5) nursery management
The next day after the root fixing water is sufficiently poured, 50 mg.L of water is poured into the root control container-1The GGR6 solution is irrigated once again every 9 to 11 days until the roots can be absorbed; nursery management measures of nursery stocks comprise water, fertilizer and tree management and weeding; a drip irrigation system is adopted for garden moisture management, and 5-8 drip irrigation spray heads are arranged on each nursery stock according to the size of a tree body; in the cultivation process, the moisture in the root control container is kept in a wet state, and when the moisture overflows from the wall or the bottom of the container, the drip irrigation inlet switch is closed in time; topdressing for 1-2 times every month from 5 months to 7 months, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer;the fertilizing part is a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container; along with the temperature rise, the camphor tree seedlings start to germinate a large number of new leaves and new branches; the tree management comprises pruning excessive branches to ensure that the reserved branches are reasonable in quantity and fast in growth, and thick crowns can be formed in time; weeding follows the principle of 'removing early and removing small';
6) coming out of nursery
In late 10 months of the year, camphor trees in the nursery land reach the standard of full-crown greening nursery stock outplanting; the seedlings can be outplanted in batches in all seasons within one whole year from 10 late ten days to 9 months next year; when the seedlings are out of the nursery, the whole seedlings and the root control container are loaded and transported to a greening construction site;
a black plastic mulching film layer with the thickness larger than 0.02mm is paved on the ground of the seedling cultivation area to prevent the root system of the seedling from growing into an underground soil layer in the cultivation process, so that the newly-sent root system can be kept in the root control container, meanwhile, the plastic mulching film layer is black and light-proof, the lower grass cannot grow, the breakage of the plastic mulching film layer can be effectively reduced, and the root system is further prevented from growing into the soil layer below the mulching film;
the fertilizing part is in a soil layer between the original soil ball of the seedling and the root control container so as to guide the root system to diffuse into the whole container from the original soil ball.
2. The rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 2), reasonably trimming the selected camphor tree seedlings before seedling lifting, and cutting off small branches of the whole crown 1/2.
3. The rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: and 3) winding 2/3 parts of the tree trunks of the seedlings from the ground to the whole tree trunk height by using felt cloth before lifting the seedlings during lifting and transporting the seedlings, wherein the number of winding layers is 3.
4. The rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: and 4) mixing the acid yellow red soil and the decomposed organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 4:1 during field planting of the nursery stock in the step 4).
5. The rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 5), 50 mg.L of water is filled in a root control container the next day after sufficient root fixing water is poured in the nursery management-1The GGR6 solution is irrigated once again every 10 days until the roots can be absorbed; topdressing is carried out for 1 time every month from 5 months to 7 months.
6. The rapid cultivation method of full-crown greening container seedlings of camphor trees according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the thickness of the plastic ground film layer is 0.03 mm.
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CN113133372B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-27 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Plant cultivation method based on assembled greening |
CN111226675B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-05-25 | 长江大学 | Container cultivation method for full-crown seedlings of large camphor trees |
CN112273182A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-29 | 宜宾林竹产业研究院 | Cinnamomum camphora seedling cultivation method suitable for dwarf close-planting afforestation |
CN114303917B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-04-07 | 烟台市福山区水果帮苗木种植专业合作社 | Management method for high-density early-yielding and high-yield cherry protected cultivation |
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