CN102504938B - Cold pressing and physical refining process of camellia oil - Google Patents
Cold pressing and physical refining process of camellia oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cold pressing and physical refining process of camellia oil. The cold pressing and physical refining process of the camellia oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) selecting ripe camellia seeds and drying the ripe camellia seeds by microwave vacuum until the water content is 3-6%; and conveying the dried camellia seeds into a huller to be hulled; (2) carrying out cold pressing on the hulled camellia seeds to squeeze the camellia oil, wherein the temperature of a barrel is in a range of 100-150 DEG C and an oil output temperature is in a range of 80-120 DEG C; (3) removing solid impurities in the squeezed camellia oil through a plate and frame filter press; (4) winterizing the camellia oil filtered by the plate and frame filter press at a temperature in a range from below 5 DEG C to 5 DEG C; (5) carrying out molecular distillation on the winterized camellia oil to remove free fatty acid, oil peroxide products, moisture and other low-boiling-point substances from the camellia oil; and (6) taking a mixture of carclazyte, active carbon and aluminum oxide as a filtering medium to filter; and removing impurities and pigments of the camellia oil treated by the molecular distillation to obtain the finished product. The cold pressing and physical refining process of the camellia oil has the advantages of environmental friendliness, high oil yield, and high retention ratio of micronutrients in finished oil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to squeezing and the refining process of camellia seed oil, particularly a kind of low-temperature cold pressing technique of Camellia oil and a kind of physical refining process of Camellia oil.
Background technology
Camellia oil, having another name called camellia seed oil, obtain from plant of theaceae oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel) seeds, is one of the most ancient traditional woody edible vegetable oil of China, its lipid acid forms very similar to sweet oil, and " east sweet oil " is otherwise known as.Also contain the various active materials such as tea polysaccharide, tsubakisaponin, flavones, tea-polyphenol, VITAMIN and plant sterol in the Camellia oil, often ediblely have reducing cholesterol, improve high-density lipoprotein (HDL), reduce low-density lipoprotein, reducing blood-fat, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, improve the effects such as immunizing power, radioprotective, removing free radical, prophylaxis of tumours, international food and agricultural organization has classified it as the health-care edible oil that emphasis is promoted.
The technique of obtaining of Camellia oil crude oil substantially adopts the lixiviate liquefaction or steams the stir-fry milling process at present, and the refinery practice of crude oil adopts hydration degum-alkali-refining deacidification-washing-filtration decolouring-high-temperature steam deodorization-winterization degreasing-processed oil substantially.Steam stir-fry by high temperature and can destroy the outer field albumen of oil droplet and immobilized artificial membrane, to improve oil yield, extracting technology then can cause dissolvent residual in the processed oil.Steam processing temperature generally at 100 ℃～140 ℃, the frying processing temperature is generally at 200 ℃～300 ℃, and the chamber hall temperature of employing expeller squeezing is generally at 200 ℃～250 ℃, the above-mentioned course of processing can generate carcinogens benzo (a) pyrene, simultaneously lixiviate and steaming and frying technique all can make and have a large amount of free fatty acidies in the oil, acid value is improved, thereby cause that superoxide produces in a large number in the oil.Chemical refining need to add in the alkali lye and free fatty acids, the steps such as high temperature deodorization, meeting so that in the processed oil nutrition content such as vitamin contents, plant sterol be down to extremely lowly, both destroyed the nutrition of Camellia oil, the discharging of alkali refining waste liquid can cause environmental pollution again.
Existing Camellia oil squeezing, extraction and refinery practice exist the problems such as dissolvent residual, carcinogens exceed standard, a large amount of losses of nutritive substance.But some relatively preferably Camellia oil extraction and refinery practices are arranged also at present, as to authorize day be on December 19th, 2007, the patent No. be ZL200610031452.1 domestic patent disclosure a kind of physical low-temperature cold-squeezing process for tea-seed oil, this process using is dried, broken shell, the low tempertaure storage after-ripening, select seed, cleaning, the separation of peeling off, roll embryo, cold press, multi-filtering, adsorption bleaching makes finished product tea oil, simple for process, and can keep most of nutritive ingredient, but the low temperature after-ripening is only adopted in this technique pre-treatment, without frying or otherwise processed, can not destroy the outer albumen of grease and immobilized artificial membrane, oil yield is lower.
And for example open day is on July 14th, 2010, publication number is in the domestic patent of CN101775332A, a kind of method of extracting tea seed oil by water with microwave pretreatment is disclosed, the method is take the shelling tea seed kernel as raw material, add tea-seed oil as drawing finish, pulverizing by microwave exposure, hot water size mixing, constant temperature stirring, centrifugation and vacuum-drying, obtain the finished product tea-seed oil.The complete processing of the imitated sweet oil of this patented method, throwing is except squeezing and extracting technology and chemical refining technique, avoided the loss of the residual and nutritive substance of chemical substance, but this method is not considered the difference between the harvesting course of processing of these two kinds of woody oleiferous plants of camellia seed and Fructus oleae europaeae fruit, sweet oil is pulp oil, generally must be controlled in 8 hours from plucking to process, this moment, oily free fatty acid and Peroxidation Product were extremely low, can consider to adopt this technique.And tea oil tree is grown in the low mountains and hills area more, from harvesting, transportation, drying, shelling to grinding and processing, generally will just can finish through tens days time, the free fatty acids that produces in this process and fatty acid peroxidase product can't be removed, and are difficult to guarantee the quality of finished product.
Open day is on December 10th, 2008 for another example, publication number is in the domestic patent of CN101317611A, a kind of multi-stage molecular distillation continuous depickling technique for oil and fat with high acidity number is disclosed, the method is passed through fine filtering with the lard of high acid value, saturated NaCl washing, after thin film evaporation dewaters, remove most lipid acid by 2～5 molecular distillations again, this method has avoided alkali refining method alkali charge high, the problems such as the nutritive substance loss is large, the method is more suitable with the processing of the greases inferior such as grease of the improper rotten corruption of storage for the sewer oil of high acid value, and is not suitable for for the high-grade woody oleiferous plants of the fresh processing of camellia wet goods.
Cold pressing process and the physical refining method of the Camellia oil that in sum, do not have also at present that a kind of pressing temperature is low, oil yield is high, energy consumption is low, step is few, be of high nutritive value, acid number and peroxide value is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above shortcomings in existing Camellia oil Technology in Pressing and the refinery practice, and a kind of high temperature that need not that provides steams the pretreated low temperature pressing technique of stir-fry, and the physical refining process that step is few, simple to operate, energy consumption is low, quality product is high, avoided Camellia oil cold press and the physical refining process of chemical refining process to infringement and the environmental pollution of oil quality.
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process, and it is characterized in that: the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) choose ripe camellia seed, adopt microwave vacuum drying to water content 3-6%(mass content), dried camellia seed is sent into the peeler shelling, and husking yield is more than 99%; Use the microwave vacuum drying camellia seed, can be under relatively low temperature dry camellia seed, prevent that high temperature from destroying in the camellia seed nutritive substance to the human body beneficial, be dried to moisture content 3-6%, so that the camellia seed moisture content neither can be too high and affects the quality of Camellia oil, can not make owing to moisture content is very few again the cold press operation be difficult for carrying out.
(2) the camellia seed cold press after will shelling squeezes out Camellia oil, and 100 ℃～150 ℃ of bore temperatures, 80 ℃～120 ℃ of oil outlet temperatures are pressed in control; 100 ℃～150 ℃ of bore temperatures are pressed in control, so that camellia seed can be cold rolling under lower temperature, have both protected in the camellia seed the easily nutritive substance of oxidation, again cold press temperature be unlikely to too low and so that the cold press operation be difficult to carry out; 80 ℃～120 ℃ qualities that both guarantee cold press camellia seed oil out so that temperature is unlikely to Tai Gao of oil outlet temperature are unlikely to again the flowability of the too low and impact oil of temperature and make the cold press Efficiency Decreasing, guarantee the quality of the oil that squeezes out.
(3) the Camellia oil crude oil that squeezes out is removed solid impurity by plate-and-frame filter press; Remove impurity by plate-and-frame filter press and can process a large amount of Camellia oils, can also remove the most of solid impurity in the Camellia oil crude oil, prevent from causing Camellia oil apt to deteriorate owing to solid impurity exists, thereby improved the stability of Camellia oil, prolonged the quality guaranteed period of Camellia oil.
(4) with the Camellia oil that obtains after the press filtration, in-5 ℃～5 ℃ winterization, except dewax, ester and other high-melting-point substances; Both remove the part macromolecule impurity in the Camellia oil, improved the zero pour of Camellia oil, be conducive to the storage of Camellia oil, also improved flowability and the clarity of Camellia oil.
(5) process of the Camellia oil after winterization molecular distillation is except free fatty acids, oil peroxidation product, moisture and other low-boiling point materials in the degrease; Thereby removed material and instability factor harmful in the Camellia oil, be conducive to improve keeping quality and the oil product of Camellia oil.
(6) Camellia oil behind the molecular distillation is removed impurity with carclazyte, gac and alumina mixture as filter media and pigment gets product again.Can remove the inexpungible impurity of filtration and objectionable impurities by carclazyte, gac and alumina mixture absorption, so that Camellia oil is safer; Carclazyte, gac and alumina mixture can also adsorb materials such as removing pigment, so that the Camellia oil outward appearance is more attractive in appearance.
As preferably, dry what adopt is microwave vacuum drying process to camellia seed in the described step (1), and the absolute pressure when dry is 7KPa～20KPa, is dried to water ratio 2～5%.Under the vacuum of 7KPa～20KPa, can obtain better drying effect, but less demanding to vacuum pump, do not need to consume a lot of electric power in the vacuum pump operational process yet.
As preferably, the press for extracting juice bore temperature in the described step (2) is controlled at 120 ℃～140 ℃ oil outlet temperatures and is controlled at 90～100 ℃.So that cold pressing process can be obtained best technological effect, particularly in this temperature range the index comprehensives such as content of color and luster, phospholipids content, peroxide value and vitamin-E get up good than other temperature ranges.
As preferably, molecular distillation in the described step (5) is to adopt a molecular distillation, and absolute pressure is 1～90pa, and vaporization temperature is 135 ℃～195 ℃, and condensing temperature is-5 ℃～25 ℃; The acid value of Camellia oil, peroxide value and oxidation toxic products mda content before the molecular distillation 4-6 mg/g, 8～10mmol/kg and 3～6mg/kg is down to 0.05～0.15mg/g, 1～2mmol/kg and below the 1 μ g/kg, water content is lower than 1mg/kg.。Molecular distillation can be fast and is effectively reduced hazardous and noxious substances in the Camellia oil, reduces acid value, improves the quality of Camellia oil.Adopt a molecular distillation with respect to adopting repeatedly molecular distillation can reduce energy waste, increase economic efficiency.
As preferably, the filtration procedure in the described step (6), filtration medium adopt carclazyte, gac and aluminum oxide in mass ratio (60～95): (3～15): (1～15) mixes.Wherein carclazyte is typical filter medium in the refining raw food oil, nonpolar and the low polar material of main absorption, can be effectively except deoiling middle pigment, phosphatide, saponin and other cotton-shaped impurity, gac has the characteristics such as pore texture prosperity, uniform particles, specific surface area are large, high adsorption capacity, main absorption polar material, can effectively remove pigment in the oil, free organic pollutant, benzo (a) pyrene, pesticide residue etc., activated alumina is the large molecular adsorbent of a kind of specific surface area, can effectively remove the heavy metal contaminants such as fluorine in the oil, cl contaminant and arsenic, lead.Carclazyte, gac and aluminum oxide be (60～95) in mass ratio: (3～15): mix (1～15), so that have synergy between carclazyte, gac and the aluminum oxide, can improve adsorption effect.
The present invention compares with present technology, has the following advantages and effect:
(1) by controlling the pressure of microwave vacuum drying, 7KPa～20KPa, drying temperature is controlled at 40 ℃～60 ℃, so both destroy albumen and the immobilized artificial membrane of the outer parcel of oil droplet in kind of the benevolence by microwave oscillation, promoted the stripping of oil droplet, improved the squeezing oil yield, at lower vacuum state, drying temperature can be controlled at lower temperature, reduce free fatty acid content raising and the increase of oil peroxidation product that high temperature and oxygen cause, reduce the difficulty of subsequent fine sweetening process.
Dry materials is to water ratio 3～6%, on the one hand so that in the expressing process, can be because hypertonia cause excess Temperature, and the 2nd, contain a small amount of moisture, phosphatide is combined with moisture content, solubleness reduction in oil avoids in the pressed oil phospholipids content too high.
(2) by the lower pressing temperature of control, avoid the high temperature squeezing to cause the raising of acid value and peroxide value, can prevent again the generation of benzo (a) pyrene.
(3) by a step molecular distillation method, the acid value of Camellia oil from 4～6 mg/g, is down to 0.05～0.15 mg/g, peroxide value is down to 1～2mg/kg from 8～10mg/kg, oxidation toxic products mda is down to below the 1ppb from 3～6ppm, and water content is down to below the 1ppm.
(4) mix as filter media by carclazyte, gac and aluminum oxide, remove the darker pigment of color, and the impurity such as colloid, benzo (a) pyrene that above-mentioned technique may be residual are further removed, so that whole technique is more safe and reliable.
(5) Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process adopt physical dryness, squeezing and refinery practice among the present invention, whole process environmental protection, oil yield is high, and processed oil micronutrient element retention rate is high, and the processed oil index that this technique obtains all is higher than country-level pressed oil standard.
Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process also are fit to such as nuts and kernels woody oleiferous plants crops such as Chinese torreya, walnut, Semen Caryae Cathayensis, apocarya, pine nut, fibert, Yunnan nut, Wood of Shinyleaf Yellowhorn among the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Camellia oil cold press among the present invention and the schema of physical refining process.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment, and following examples are explanation of the invention and the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1: Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process comprise as shown in Figure 1:
(1) chooses ripe camellia seed raw material, this raw material adopts microwave vacuum drying at the microwave of 2450MHz frequency, be dried to moisture content 3%, pressure-controlling is at 12KPa, drying temperature will be controlled in 50 ℃ like this, in order to avoid oxygen causes Oxidation of Fat and Oils, decomposition in the camellia seed kind benevolence in excess Temperature and the air.Because the oil tea shell contains benzo (a) pyrene, therefore dried raw material husking yield should more than 99%, in order to avoid in expressing process, sneak into too much shell, produce benzo (a) pyrene.Microwave vacuum drying among the present invention to water content usually between mass content 3-6%, for example can be 4%, 4.5% or 5%, microwave vacuum drying pressure is generally 7KPa～20KPa among the present invention, for example can be 10 KPa, 12 KPa, 14 KPa, 16 KPa or 18 KPa.
(2) 140 ℃ of bore temperatures are pressed in the camellia seed cold press that will shell, and 100 ℃ of oil outlet temperatures should be avoided too high pressure and surpass 150 ℃ temperature, produce the crude oil of high acid value and peroxide value; Press for extracting juice bore temperature among the present invention for example can be 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃ or 140 ℃ usually at 100～150 ℃, and oil outlet temperature is being 80～120 ℃ usually, for example can be 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃ or 110 ℃.
(3) Camellia oil that squeezes out by filter press, is removed solid impurity.
(4) Camellia oil that Plate Filtration is obtained in 2 ℃ of winterization, is removed high melting-point wax, ester etc., and the winterization temperature among the present invention is generally-5～5 ℃, for example can be-4 ℃ ,-3 ℃ ,-2 ℃ ,-1 ℃, 0 ℃, 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃ or 4 ℃.Winterization is one of method of partial crystallization separation, is the process that the grease cooling is made the crystallizations such as the higher wax of fusing point, ester, is the process that the Camellia oil cooling is made the crystallizations such as the higher wax of fusing point, ester in the present embodiment.
(5) Camellia oil after the winterization, only through a molecular distillation, the molecular distillation condition is: absolute pressure 70pa, 175 ℃ of vaporization temperatures, 5 ℃ of condensing temperatures, except free fatty acids, oily Peroxidation Product and the moisture in deoiling, institute obtains oily acid value from 4～6, is down to 0.05～0.15, peroxide value is down to 1～2 from 8～10, oxidation toxic products mda is down to below the 1 μ g/kg from 3～6mg/kg, and water content is lower than 1mg/kg.Molecular distillation is a kind of distillating method that operates under high vacuum, and at this moment the mean free path of vapour molecule is greater than the distance between water surface of evaporation and the condensing surface, thereby can utilize the difference of each component vaporator rate in the feed liquid, and liquid mixture is separated.One time molecular distillation refers to through a molecular distillation operation.Molecular distillation pressure among the present invention is generally 1～90pa, for example can be 5pa, 10pa, 15pa, 20pa, 25pa, 30pa, 35pa, 40pa, 45pa, 50pa, 55pa, 60pa or 65pa; The vaporization temperature of molecular distillation is generally 135～195 ℃, for example can be 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃ or 190 ℃; Condensing temperature is generally-5～25 ℃, for example can be 0 ℃, 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃ or 20 ℃.
The acid value determination method, the acid test of GBT 15689-2008 vegetable oil material oil; Determination method of peroxide value, GB/T 5538-2005 animal-plant oil determination of POV; The water content measuring method, GB/T 5528-2008 Vegetable oil lipoprotein moisture and volatile matter content content determination; The Mda method, the mensuration of mda in the GB_T 5009.181-2003 lard.
(6) the heavy component Camellia oil of molecular distillation acquisition, the filtration medium proportioning is that carclazyte, gac and quality of alumina were than 80: 3: 2, remove the darker pigment of color, going forward side by side one goes on foot trace impurities such as removing remaining some colloidal substances and benzo (a) pyrene, gets product.The mass ratio of carclazyte, gac and aluminum oxide is generally (60～95) in the filtration medium among the present invention: (3～15): (1～15) for example can be any one group of data in the table 1.
The mass ratio of carclazyte, gac and aluminum oxide in table 1 filtration medium
| Carclazyte | Gac | Aluminum oxide |
| 60 | 3 | 1 |
| 60 | 3 | 5 |
| 60 | 3 | 10 |
| 60 | 3 | 15 |
| 60 | 8 | 1 |
| 60 | 8 | 5 |
| 60 | 8 | 10 |
| 60 | 8 | 15 |
| 60 | 12 | 1 |
| 60 | 12 | 5 |
| 60 | 12 | 10 |
| 60 | 12 | 15 |
| 60 | 15 | 1 |
| 60 | 15 | 5 |
| 60 | 15 | 10 |
| 60 | 15 | 15 |
| 70 | 3 | 1 |
| 70 | 3 | 5 |
| 70 | 3 | 10 |
| 70 | 3 | 15 |
| 70 | 8 | 1 |
| 70 | 8 | 5 |
| 70 | 8 | 10 |
| 70 | 8 | 15 |
| 70 | 12 | 1 |
| 70 | 12 | 5 |
| 70 | 12 | 10 |
| 70 | 12 | 15 |
| 70 | 15 | 1 |
| 70 | 15 | 5 |
| 70 | 15 | 10 |
| 70 | 15 | 15 |
| 80 | 3 | 1 |
| 80 | 3 | 5 |
| 80 | 3 | 10 |
| 80 | 3 | 15 |
| 80 | 8 | 1 |
| 80 | 8 | 5 |
| 80 | 8 | 10 |
| 80 | 8 | 15 |
| 80 | 12 | 1 |
| 80 | 12 | 5 |
| 80 | 12 | 10 |
| 80 | 12 | 15 |
| 80 | 15 | 1 |
| 80 | 15 | 5 |
| 80 | 15 | 10 |
| 80 | 15 | 15 |
| 95 | 3 | 1 |
| 95 | 3 | 5 |
| 95 | 3 | 10 |
| 95 | 3 | 15 |
| 95 | 8 | 1 |
| 95 | 8 | 5 |
| 95 | 8 | 10 |
| 95 | 8 | 15 |
| 95 | 12 | 1 |
| 95 | 12 | 5 |
| 95 | 12 | 10 |
| 95 | 12 | 15 |
| 95 | 15 | 1 |
| 95 | 15 | 5 |
| 95 | 15 | 10 |
| 95 | 15 | 15 |
Embodiment 2:
Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process comprise:
(1) chooses ripe camellia seed 100kg, put into the microwave vacuum drying case, at the microwave of 2450MHz frequency, under the pressure condition of 20KPa, be dried to moisture content 5%.The band shell camellia seed of drying is sent in the peeler shells husking yield 99%;
(2) camellia seed after will shelling is sent in the cold pressing expeller and squeezes, and control is pressed bore temperature and is controlled at 130 ℃, and oil outlet temperature is controlled at below 100 ℃;
(3) Camellia oil that squeezes out by filter press, is removed solid impurity;
(4) Camellia oil that Plate Filtration is obtained in 3 ℃ of winterization 24 hours, is removed high melting-point wax, ester etc.;
(5) Camellia oil after the winterization, put into the feed cup of molecular distillation, degassed 15min under the vacuum prior to 200pa, again at the pressure of 70Pa, 180 ℃ vaporization temperature, 15 ℃ condensing temperature, scraper plate rotating speed 120 turns/carry out molecular distillation under the condition of min, and the heavy component Camellia oil acid value that obtains is lower than 0.15, and peroxide value is lower than 2, oxidation toxic products mda is lower than 1ppb, and water content is lower than 1ppm.
(6) collect the molecular distillation heavy component, adoption rate is carclazyte, gac and the aluminum oxide hybrid filtering media filtration of 90:3:7, remove the darker pigment of color, and the further impurity such as the removal some colloidal substances that may exist and benzo (a) pyrene, get product.
Embodiment 3:
Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process also can be for the production of Chinese torreya oil, and its step is as follows:
(1) chooses maturation and remove arillus Chinese torreya seed 500kg, put into the microwave vacuum drying case, with the microwave of 2450MHz frequency, under the vacuum condition of 10KPa, be dried to moisture content 3%.Dried raw material is sent in the peeler and shells, husking yield 99%;
(2) the Chinese torreya kind benevolence that will shell is sent in the cold pressing expeller and squeezes, and presses bore temperature and is controlled at 120 ℃, and oil outlet temperature is controlled at below 80 ℃;
(3) the Chinese torreya oil that squeezes out by filter press, is removed solid impurity;
(4) Chinese torreya that Plate Filtration obtained oil in 1 ℃ of winterization 18 hours, is removed high melting-point wax, ester etc.;
(5) oil of the Chinese torreya after the winterization, put into the feed cup of molecular distillation, prior to degassed 15min under the 200pa vacuum tightness, again with 5Pa vacuum tightness, 150 ℃ vaporization temperature, 5 ℃ condensing temperature, scraper plate rotating speed 120 turns/condition of min under charging separate, separate the heavy component Chinese torreya oleic acid valency that obtains and be lower than 0.2, peroxide value is lower than 2, oxidation toxic products mda is lower than 1ppb, and water content is lower than 1ppm.
(6) collect molecular distillation heavy component in the step (5), the employing mass ratio is as filter media after carclazyte, gac and the aluminum oxide of 85:13:2 mixes, remove the darker pigment of color, and the further impurity such as the removal some colloidal substances that may exist and benzo (a) pyrene, get product.
Drying mode among the present invention and temperature are studied the impact of pressed oil quality:
Drying temperature is higher, and the oil colours pool that squeezes out is darker, and phospholipids content is higher, and peroxide value is higher, and vitamin contents is lower, so the drying temperature of control raw material is the most important condition of control pressed oil quality.
(1) material: tea seed, pick up from Yu Yuan township, Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, Lovibond photoelectric color comparator, moisture content tester, liquid chromatography, squeezing machine, baking oven, microwave vacuum dryer, spectrophotometer.
(2) experimental technique: get the 140kg tea seed, be divided into 7 groups, respectively at baking (50 ℃, 80 ℃, 110 ℃, 140 ℃, 170 ℃) in microwave dryer (12kpa and 18kpa pressure), drying and the baking oven, be dried to water content 3%.Shelling, low temperature pressing presses 140 ℃ of bore temperatures, measures each index.
Determination method of peroxide value is with reference to GB/T 5538-2005 animal-plant oil determination of POV.
The color measuring method is with reference to the mensuration of GB/T 22460-2008 animal-plant oil Lovibond color and luster.
The content of vitamin E measuring method is with reference to the mensuration of GB/T 5009.82-2003 food vitamins A and vitamin-E.
(3) result
As can be seen from Table 2, the oil yield of microwave vacuum drying and the oil yield of hyperthermia drying are similar, but the indexs such as content of color and luster, phospholipids content, peroxide value and vitamin-E all are better than hyperthermia drying.The index error of the indexs such as the content of the color and luster of oven drying at low temperature, phospholipids content, peroxide value and vitamin-E and microwave vacuum drying is few, but oil yield is lower, and drying time is long (under the 12Kpa pressure, microwave vacuum drying can reach water content 3% in 0.5 hour, and 50 ℃ of common oven dry need 6.8 hours).
Grease is the little oil droplet that exists with the triglyceride level form in the plant species benevolence, and coated outside one deck phosphatide, and the inboard of phosphatide is lipophilic group, and the outside is hydrophilic radical, is connecting oleosin and caleosin.The pyroprocessing of seed (baking, steaming) can make protein denaturation, grease and surface tension reduce, destroy the combination of albumen, phosphatide and triglyceride level, make oil crops seed kernel oil easier squeezing out in expressing process, Here it is why before the plain press, must steam the reason of frying through high temperature, but high temperature destroyed again the quality of pressed oil simultaneously, improve acid value, peroxide value and phospholipids content, reduce the nutrition with it.Microwave is a kind of hertzian wave, has strong penetrativity, and it is by the variation of electromagnetic frequency, thereby make molecular motion in the material that is dried, phase mutual friction produce heat, take away moisture content, so that plant from inside to outside even drying of benevolence, and under vacuum state, the water evaporates temperature is reduced, thus make microwave drying temperature reduce, like this, microwave both strong destruction the combination of grease, phosphatide and albumen, be unlikely to again excess Temperature, on the basis that guarantees oil yield, guaranteed again quality.
Pressing temperature among the present invention is studied the impact of benzo (a) pyrene content:
(1) material and instrument: tea seed, pick up from Yu Yuan township, Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, gas-chromatography, squeezing machine, infrared thermometer.
(2) experimental technique: get the 140kg tea seed, be divided into 7 groups, 80 ℃ of oven dryings are to water ratio 5%, in squeezing machine, squeeze, regulate respectively the squeezing machine rotating speed, make the press for extracting juice bore temperature be controlled at respectively 100 ℃, 130 ℃, 150 ℃, 170 ℃, 190 ℃, 210 ℃, 250 ℃ and squeeze, measure its oil yield and benzo (a) pyrene content.
Benzo (a) pyrene content assaying method is with reference to the mensuration reversed-phased high performace liquid chromatographic of GBT 22509-2008 animal-plant oil benzo (a) pyrene.
As can be seen from Table 3, lifting along with pressing temperature, oil yield promotes thereupon, when pressing temperature reaches 250 ℃, oil yield can reach 98%, but also thereupon decline of oil quality, phospholipids content raises with the lifting of pressing temperature, when pressing temperature reaches 250 ℃, when phospholipids content is 100 ℃ 32 times.Benzo (a) pyrene does not produce in 100 ℃ of-150 ℃ of pressing temperature scopes, when reaching after 170 ℃, just begin to produce, so pressing temperature should not be above 150 ℃.
Above content described in this specification sheets only is to structure example of the present invention explanation.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or replenish or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment; only otherwise depart from structure of the present invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Camellia oil cold press and physical refining process is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) choose ripe camellia seed, adopt microwave vacuum drying to water content 3-6%, dried camellia seed is sent into the peeler shelling, and husking yield is more than 99%, and described microwave vacuum drying process condition is absolute pressure 7kPa～20kPa;
(2) the camellia seed cold press after will shelling squeezes out Camellia oil, and pressing bore temperature is 100～150 ℃, and oil outlet temperature is 80～120 ℃;
(3) Camellia oil that squeezes out is removed solid impurity by plate-and-frame filter press;
(4) with the Camellia oil after the press filtration in-5 ℃～5 ℃ winterization, except dewax, ester and other high-melting-point substances;
(5) process of the Camellia oil after winterization molecular distillation is removed free fatty acids, oil peroxidation product, moisture and other low-boiling point materials in the Camellia oil;
(6) Camellia oil behind the molecular distillation is removed impurity with carclazyte, gac and alumina mixture as filter media and pigment gets product.
2. Camellia oil cold press according to claim 1 and physical refining process is characterized in that: described step (2) is pressed bore temperature and is controlled at 120～140 ℃, and oil outlet temperature is controlled at 90～100 ℃.
3. Camellia oil cold press according to claim 1 and 2 and physical refining process, it is characterized in that: molecular distillation adopts a molecular distillation in the described step (5), condition is absolute pressure 1～90Pa, and vaporization temperature is 135～195 ℃, and condensing temperature is-5～25 ℃; The acid value of Camellia oil, peroxide value and oxidation toxic products mda content before the molecular distillation 4-6mg/g, 8～10mmol/kg and 3～6mg/kg is down to respectively 0.05～0.15mg/g, 1～2mmol/kg and below the 1 μ g/kg, water content is lower than 1mg/kg.
4. Camellia oil cold press according to claim 1 and 2 and physical refining process is characterized in that: it is carclazyte, gac and the alumina mixture of 60～95:3～15:1～15 that the filtration medium in the described step (6) adopts mass ratio.
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