CN103834463A - Low temperature cold-pressing production technology for tea oil - Google Patents
Low temperature cold-pressing production technology for tea oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low temperature cold-pressing production technology for tea oil. The technology consists of a pretreatment cold pressing process, a leaching process and a refining process. Through organic combination of oil low-temperature cold pressing, leaching and refining, the water content of camellia oleifera seeds can be controlled, and content of free fatty acid in the tea oil can be lowered. By means of cold pressing, some colloids and impurities can be prevented from dissolving into crude oil, and the crude oil then undergoes low temperature filtration, decolorization, deodorization, dewaxing and other processes for refining, thus obtaining the finished tea oil product. And the problems of tea oil rancidification and color reversion can be solved. Compared with traditional production technologies, the production technology provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, good crude oil quality, energy saving, small equipment investment, small floor area and the like. The finished tea seed oil product obtained by the technology not only is good edible oil and fat, has health care efficacy, but also can be used as cosmetic oil, thus improving the economic benefits and social benefits of camellia oleifera seeds.
Description
Technical field
The low-temperature cold pressing production technique that the present invention relates to a kind of tea oil, belongs to grease processing technology field.
Background technology
Tea oil is the distinctive Camellia woody edible oil of south China, is one of the world's four large xylophyta oil.Tea oil is because being rich in omega-3 fatty acid, Ω-6 lipid acid and containing a small amount of tea saponin and tea-polyphenol, and or not containing cholesterol, erucic acid and mountain cornel acid, non agricultural chemical residuum, is real pure natural organic edible oil, has the laudatory title of " east sweet oil ".Its physicochemical property are similar to sweet oil, have satisfactory stability and oxidation-resistance, long quality-guarantee period, and smoke point is high, high temperature resistant, easily digested.International food and agricultural organization is classified as the health-care edible oil that emphasis is promoted.
Current, China's tea oil is produced and is generally adopted traditional hot moulding oil-producing technique, due to raw material frying and be subject to rigidity friction and pressurization in oil press zhai, produce 300 DEG C of above high temperature, meeting destroys a large number of nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, VITAMIN and the trace element in decomposition oil product, and the tea oil color making is dark, must carry out further refining processing, energy consumption is large,, production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of low-temperature cold pressing production technique of brand-new tea oil is provided, effectively low-temperature cold pressing, lixiviate and three kinds of technology of refining are combined, improve the quality of tea oil.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A low-temperature cold pressing production technique for tea oil, comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treatment cold pressing process
Tea seed is cleaned and is selected combination sieve, can sieve large assorted, little assorted, heavily assorted, light assorted and dust, tea seed after cleaning enters decorticator, and the benevolence after peeling off, shell mixture are sent into benevolence, the separation of shell separation sieve, and isolated camellia seed kernel rolls into the thick material base of 0.3-0.5mm and is polygon through crushing roll after deironing, material base is sent in flat bottom cooker and steamed and fry, treat that material base exposes glossy, hand is touched hot, and temperature is at 110-120 DEG C, when water content is 2-3%, can enter to squeeze;
Material base after steaming is fried is fed into cold pressing expeller and squeezes, and when squeezing, in boring, temperature is no more than 80 DEG C, and the cake of squeezing out is delivered to and leached workshop leaching; The slag inclusion crude oil of squeezing out drags for slag through oil-filtering box precipitation, and leaf-type filter filters, and the oil-tea camellia seed crude oil of gained is got to refining workshop, and oil-filtering box, the filter dregs of fat are out sent into oil press zhai and returned squeezing;
(2) extract technology
The above-mentioned tea-seed pancake squeezing out is transported to leach in workshop adopts flat-turn leacher to leach, spray adopts these lattice to spray the self-circulation mode of these lattice, spray by repeatedly-drain-spray, extract to greatest extent the grease in cake, finally spray greatly with fresh solvent, cake changes the wet dregs of rice into, after draining, falls wet dregs of rice bucket by the leacher dregs of rice mouth that falls, mixing oil enters evaporation stage after wet cyclone separates
The wet dregs of rice in wet dregs of rice bucket are transported to the dregs of rice that wet in DTDC evapo-separated machine to be steamed and takes off, evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into indirect steam heating, the wet dregs of rice carry out successively preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine, spray into and steam de-through the dry open steam of steam heater heating, drying, after cooling, camellia seed meal goes out workshop through scraper conveyor; Evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into the pressure-controlling of indirect steam at 0.5-0.6Mpa, and the temperature that the wet dregs of rice carry out preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine is controlled at 80-90 DEG C;
Mixing oil is squeezed into the first vaporizer through pump and is evaporated, utilize the secondary steam of evapo-separated machine as the thermal source of the first vaporizer, negative pressure is-0.8～-0.95MPa, temperature is 80-120 DEG C, evaporate after a large amount of solvents, mixing oil is squeezed into the second vaporizer through two steaming feeding pumps, two thermals source that steam are indirect steams, negative pressure and one is steamed identical, temperature is 150-180 DEG C, continue the solvent of evaporation in mixing oil, two mixing oils after steaming are squeezed into stripping tower through stripping feeding pump, the solvent in mixing oil can be down to below 0.2% with open steam stripping.
(3) tea oil refining technique
1. alkali refining comes unstuck
Crude oil first passes through crude oil strainer, except the insoluble impurities in deoiling, then pumps into glue kettle, is preheated to 30-40 DEG C, adds the phosphoric acid of 0.2-0.3% to come unstuck, and stirs 20-30min, and centrifugation goes out Chinese honey locust,
According to the oily acid value after coming unstuck, the oil lower for acid value can not carry out alkali refining, a small amount of free fatty acids can be trapped recovery in deodorising process, need add a certain amount of alkali lye of finite concentration to carry out depickling processing for the oil of inferior quality, detailed process is as follows: crude oil is warming up to 35-40 DEG C, according to the acid value of crude oil and weight, take alkali lye with the metering of 12-18 baume and inject crude oil, limit adds alkali lye limit and stirs, stirring velocity is 60-80r/min, after adding alkali, continue to stir 10-15min, then be warming up to 50-60 DEG C with the speed of 1-2 DEG C/min, under 30-40r/min rotating speed, stir 10-15min, leave standstill 8-12h, oil pump after alkali refining is entered in water washing pan, be warming up to 75-80 DEG C, add the hot water that is equivalent to the heavy 5-10% of oil, stirring cooling leaves standstill after 1-2h, opening the bottom of a pan valve discharges water, repeat said process 2-3 time, to obtain high pure camellia seed oil,
2. decolouring
In the oil input vacuum decoloration tower after alkali refining, oil is warming up to 90-100 DEG C by speed with 2-3 DEG C/min, suck the mixing discoloring agent that is equivalent to crude oil weight 2-4% by pulling vacuum, oil temperature is risen to 105-110 DEG C, keep lowering the temperature after 20-30min, the oil after decolouring and carclazyte mixture input vertical blade filter are filtered, again through the filter of bag type filtering machine essence, except residual discoloring agent in deoiling, obtain removing pigment, the bleached oil of residual soap and metal oxide etc.;
3. deodorization
After being heated to 140-150 DEG C, bleached oil enters deaerator, except the air in deoiling, then to the citric acid that adds 0.01-0.02% in bleached oil, after bleached oil being heated to deodorization temperature 240-260 DEG C again, enter deodorizing tower and carry out deodorization, vacuum tightness maintains 250-280Pa, keep 3-4h, then be cooled to 50-60 DEG C, obtain deodorised oil;
4. dewaxing
Oil after deodorization is transported to interchanger and the lower pressed oil of temperature carries out heat exchange, and then be cooled to 4-5 DEG C to enter crystallizer with icy salt solution, leave standstill 24-36h, to be added with diatomaceous pre-coating solution and be driven into horizontal blade filter from precoating tank pump, be circulated to oil and stop circulation after limpid, after precoating completes, the good camellia seed oil of freezing and crystallizing is pumped into filter and filter, remove wax and ester matter in oil, obtain tea seed processed oil.
Described DTDC evapo-separated machine has eight layers, first, two layers of preheating for the wet dregs of rice, reduce the condensation that mixes moisture in gas, the 3rd, four, five layers is pre-delamination, mix gas through wet dregs of rice layer, carry out first heat exchange, second remove the partial solvent in the wet dregs of rice, utilize heat and the wet dregs of rice of the secondary steam that the direct vapour of precipitation layer forms directly to carry out heat exchange, layer 6 is precipitation layer, in this one deck, pass into live steam the solvent in the wet dregs of rice is completely to the greatest extent de-, owing to directly containing water vapor condensate in vapour, cause dregs of rice moisture to raise, so adopt hot blast to remove the part moisture in the dregs of rice at layer 7, the 8th layer of cooled dehydrated reaches after safety requirements, go out workshop through scraper conveyor.
Described alkali lye can be sodium carbonate solution, sodium hydroxide solution or aqua calcis.
The mixture that described mixing discoloring agent is made up of atlapulgite, the zeolite of 10-20% and the sepiolite of 5-10% of the cocoanut active charcoal of 40-50%, 25-35%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts low-temperature cold pressing, can effectively avoid the destruction of beneficiating ingredient in tea oil, farthest retains quality and the local flavor of tea oil; The present invention is by the combination of oily low temperature pressing, leaching and three kinds of technology of refining, the water ratio of controlled tea seed processed, reduce the content of tea oil free fatty acid, avoid some colloids, impurity to be dissolved in crude oil by cold press, crude oil is again through filter at low temperature, the concise finished product tea oil that obtains of the techniques such as decolouring, deodorization, dewaxing, it has solved tea oil and has become sour, returned look problem, and the leading indicators such as its color and luster, acid value, smell, flavour, transparency, moisture and volatile matter content, insoluble impurities, aflatoxin B1 are all obviously better than GB11765-2003 level.Production technique of the present invention is compared with traditional technology, there is technique simple, quality of crude oil is good, save the energy, the advantage such as facility investment is few, and floor space is little, the finished product tea-seed oil obtaining through this technique is not only good food oils, also there is health-care effect, and can be used as cosmetic oil, thereby improved economic benefit and the social benefit of tea seed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pre-treatment cold-squeezing process flow sheet.
Fig. 2 is extract technology schema.
Fig. 3 is refining techniques process flow sheet.
Embodiment
A low-temperature cold pressing production technique for tea oil, comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treatment cold pressing process
Tea seed is cleaned and is selected combination sieve, can sieve large assorted, little assorted, heavily assorted, light assorted and dust, tea seed after cleaning enters decorticator, and the benevolence after peeling off, shell mixture are sent into benevolence, the separation of shell separation sieve, and isolated camellia seed kernel rolls into the thick material base of 0.4mm and is polygon through crushing roll after deironing, material base is sent in flat bottom cooker and steamed and fry, treat that material base exposes glossy, hand is touched hot, and temperature is at 115 DEG C, when water content is 3%, can enter to squeeze;
Material base after steaming is fried is fed into cold pressing expeller and squeezes, and when squeezing, in boring, temperature is no more than 80 DEG C, and the cake of squeezing out is delivered to and leached workshop leaching; The slag inclusion crude oil of squeezing out drags for slag through oil-filtering box precipitation, and leaf-type filter filters, and the oil-tea camellia seed crude oil of gained is got to refining workshop, and oil-filtering box, the filter dregs of fat are out sent into oil press zhai and returned squeezing;
(2) extract technology
The above-mentioned tea-seed pancake squeezing out is transported to leach in workshop adopts flat-turn leacher to leach, spray adopts these lattice to spray the self-circulation mode of these lattice, spray by repeatedly-drain-spray, extract to greatest extent the grease in cake, finally spray greatly with fresh solvent, cake changes the wet dregs of rice into, after draining, falls wet dregs of rice bucket by the leacher dregs of rice mouth that falls, mixing oil enters evaporation stage after wet cyclone separates
The wet dregs of rice in wet dregs of rice bucket are transported to the dregs of rice that wet in DTDC evapo-separated machine to be steamed and takes off, evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into indirect steam heating, the wet dregs of rice carry out successively preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine, spray into and steam de-through the dry open steam of steam heater heating, drying, after cooling, camellia seed meal goes out workshop through scraper conveyor; Evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into the pressure-controlling of indirect steam at 0.5Mpa, and the temperature that the wet dregs of rice carry out preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine is controlled at 80 DEG C;
Mixing oil is squeezed into the first vaporizer through pump and is evaporated, utilize the secondary steam of evapo-separated machine as the thermal source of the first vaporizer, negative pressure is-0.85MPa, temperature is 95 DEG C, evaporate after a large amount of solvents, mixing oil is squeezed into the second vaporizer through two steaming feeding pumps, two thermals source that steam are indirect steams, negative pressure and one is steamed identical, temperature is 160 DEG C, continue the solvent of evaporation in mixing oil, two mixing oils after steaming are squeezed into stripping tower through stripping feeding pump, the solvent in mixing oil can be down to below 0.2% with open steam stripping.
(3) tea oil refining technique
1. alkali refining comes unstuck
Crude oil first passes through crude oil strainer, except the insoluble impurities in deoiling, then pumps into glue kettle, is preheated to 30 DEG C, adds 0.3% phosphoric acid to come unstuck, and stirs 30min, and centrifugation goes out Chinese honey locust,
According to the oily acid value after coming unstuck, the oil lower for acid value can not carry out alkali refining, a small amount of free fatty acids can be trapped recovery in deodorising process, need add a certain amount of alkali lye of finite concentration to carry out depickling processing for the oil of inferior quality, detailed process is as follows: crude oil is warming up to 40 DEG C, according to the acid value of crude oil and weight, take 30% sodium hydroxide solution with 14 baume meterings and inject crude oil, stir on hydro-oxidation sodium solution limit, limit, stirring velocity is 60r/min, after adding sodium hydroxide solution, continue to stir 15min, then be warming up to 50 DEG C with the speed of 1 DEG C/min, under 40r/min rotating speed, stir 10min, leave standstill 10h, oil pump after alkali refining is entered in water washing pan, be warming up to 80 DEG C, add and be equivalent to oily 10% the hot water that weighs, stirring cooling leaves standstill after 2h, opening the bottom of a pan valve discharges water, repeat said process 3 times, to obtain high pure camellia seed oil,
2. decolouring
In the oil input vacuum decoloration tower after alkali refining, oil is warming up to 90 DEG C by speed with 2 DEG C/min, suck the mixing discoloring agent that is equivalent to crude oil weight 3% by pulling vacuum, oil temperature is risen to 110 DEG C, keep lowering the temperature after 20min, the oil after decolouring and carclazyte mixture input vertical blade filter are filtered, again through the filter of bag type filtering machine essence, except residual discoloring agent in deoiling, obtain removing pigment, the bleached oil of residual soap and metal oxide etc.;
3. deodorization
After being heated to 140 DEG C, bleached oil enters deaerator, except the air in deoiling, then to the citric acid that adds 0.015% in bleached oil, again bleached oil is heated to and enters deodorizing tower after 250 DEG C of deodorization temperatures and carry out deodorization, vacuum tightness maintains 260Pa, keep 4h, then be cooled to 50 DEG C, obtain deodorised oil;
4. dewaxing
Oil after deodorization is transported to interchanger and the lower pressed oil of temperature carries out heat exchange, and then be cooled to 5 DEG C to enter crystallizer with icy salt solution, leave standstill 36h, to be added with diatomaceous pre-coating solution and be driven into horizontal blade filter from precoating tank pump, be circulated to oil and stop circulation after limpid, after precoating completes, the good camellia seed oil of freezing and crystallizing is pumped into filter and filter, remove wax and ester matter in oil, obtain tea seed processed oil.
Described DTDC evapo-separated machine has eight layers, first, two layers of preheating for the wet dregs of rice, reduce the condensation that mixes moisture in gas, the 3rd, four, five layers is pre-delamination, mix gas through wet dregs of rice layer, carry out first heat exchange, second remove the partial solvent in the wet dregs of rice, utilize heat and the wet dregs of rice of the secondary steam that the direct vapour of precipitation layer forms directly to carry out heat exchange, layer 6 is precipitation layer, in this one deck, pass into live steam the solvent in the wet dregs of rice is completely to the greatest extent de-, owing to directly containing water vapor condensate in vapour, cause dregs of rice moisture to raise, so adopt hot blast to remove the part moisture in the dregs of rice at layer 7, the 8th layer of cooled dehydrated reaches after safety requirements, go out workshop through scraper conveyor.
The mixture that described mixing discoloring agent is made up of the sepiolite of 50% cocoanut active charcoal, 30% atlapulgite, 15% zeolite and 5%.
Tea oil production technique of the present invention and traditional technology finished product tea-seed oil index contrast as following table:
Illustrate: unsaponifiables mainly refers to the materials such as sterol, tocopherol, squalene.
Claims (4)
1. a low-temperature cold pressing production technique for tea oil, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-treatment cold pressing process
Tea seed is cleaned and is selected combination sieve, can sieve large assorted, little assorted, heavily assorted, light assorted and dust, tea seed after cleaning enters decorticator, and the benevolence after peeling off, shell mixture are sent into benevolence, the separation of shell separation sieve, and isolated camellia seed kernel rolls into the thick material base of 0.3-0.5mm and is polygon through crushing roll after deironing, material base is sent in flat bottom cooker and steamed and fry, treat that material base exposes glossy, hand is touched hot, and temperature is at 110-120 DEG C, when water content is 2-3%, can enter to squeeze;
Material base after steaming is fried is fed into cold pressing expeller and squeezes, and when squeezing, in boring, temperature is no more than 80 DEG C, and the cake of squeezing out is delivered to and leached workshop leaching; The slag inclusion crude oil of squeezing out drags for slag through oil-filtering box precipitation, and leaf-type filter filters, and the oil-tea camellia seed crude oil of gained is got to refining workshop, and oil-filtering box, the filter dregs of fat are out sent into oil press zhai and returned squeezing;
(2) extract technology
The above-mentioned tea-seed pancake squeezing out is transported to leach in workshop adopts flat-turn leacher to leach, spray adopts these lattice to spray the self-circulation mode of these lattice, spray by repeatedly-drain-spray, extract to greatest extent the grease in cake, finally spray greatly with fresh solvent, cake changes the wet dregs of rice into, after draining, falls wet dregs of rice bucket by the leacher dregs of rice mouth that falls, mixing oil enters evaporation stage after wet cyclone separates
The wet dregs of rice in wet dregs of rice bucket are transported to the dregs of rice that wet in DTDC evapo-separated machine to be steamed and takes off, evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into indirect steam heating, the wet dregs of rice carry out successively preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine, spray into and steam de-through the dry open steam of steam heater heating, drying, after cooling, camellia seed meal goes out workshop through scraper conveyor; Evapo-separated machine interlayer passes into the pressure-controlling of indirect steam at 0.5-0.6Mpa, and the temperature that the wet dregs of rice carry out preheating precipitation in evapo-separated machine is controlled at 80-90 DEG C;
Mixing oil is squeezed into the first vaporizer through pump and is evaporated, utilize the secondary steam of evapo-separated machine as the thermal source of the first vaporizer, negative pressure is-0.8 ~-0.95MPa, temperature is 80-120 DEG C, evaporate after a large amount of solvents, mixing oil is squeezed into the second vaporizer through two steaming feeding pumps, two thermals source that steam are indirect steams, negative pressure and one is steamed identical, temperature is 150-180 DEG C, continue the solvent of evaporation in mixing oil, two mixing oils after steaming are squeezed into stripping tower through stripping feeding pump, the solvent in mixing oil can be down to below 0.2% with open steam stripping;
(3) tea oil refining technique
1. alkali refining comes unstuck
Crude oil first passes through crude oil strainer, except the insoluble impurities in deoiling, then pumps into glue kettle, is preheated to 30-40 DEG C, adds the phosphoric acid of 0.2-0.3% to come unstuck, and stirs 20-30min, and centrifugation goes out Chinese honey locust,
According to the oily acid value after coming unstuck, the oil lower for acid value can not carry out alkali refining, a small amount of free fatty acids can be trapped recovery in deodorising process, need add a certain amount of alkali lye of finite concentration to carry out depickling processing for the oil of inferior quality, detailed process is as follows: crude oil is warming up to 35-40 DEG C, according to the acid value of crude oil and weight, take alkali lye with the metering of 12-18 baume and inject crude oil, limit adds alkali lye limit and stirs, stirring velocity is 60-80r/min, after adding alkali, continue to stir 10-15min, then be warming up to 50-60 DEG C with the speed of 1-2 DEG C/min, under 30-40r/min rotating speed, stir 10-15min, leave standstill 8-12h, oil pump after alkali refining is entered in water washing pan, be warming up to 75-80 DEG C, add the hot water that is equivalent to the heavy 5-10% of oil, stirring cooling leaves standstill after 1-2h, opening the bottom of a pan valve discharges water, repeat said process 2-3 time, to obtain high pure camellia seed oil,
2. decolouring
In the oil input vacuum decoloration tower after alkali refining, oil is warming up to 90-100 DEG C by speed with 2-3 DEG C/min, suck the mixing discoloring agent that is equivalent to crude oil weight 2-4% by pulling vacuum, oil temperature is risen to 105-110 DEG C, keep lowering the temperature after 20-30min, the oil after decolouring and carclazyte mixture input vertical blade filter are filtered, again through the filter of bag type filtering machine essence, except residual discoloring agent in deoiling, obtain removing pigment, the bleached oil of residual soap and metal oxide etc.;
3. deodorization
After being heated to 140-150 DEG C, bleached oil enters deaerator, except the air in deoiling, then to the citric acid that adds 0.01-0.02% in bleached oil, after bleached oil being heated to deodorization temperature 240-260 DEG C again, enter deodorizing tower and carry out deodorization, vacuum tightness maintains 250-280Pa, keep 3-4h, then be cooled to 50-60 DEG C, obtain deodorised oil;
4. dewaxing
Oil after deodorization is transported to interchanger and the lower pressed oil of temperature carries out heat exchange, and then be cooled to 4-5 DEG C to enter crystallizer with icy salt solution, leave standstill 24-36h, to be added with diatomaceous pre-coating solution and be driven into horizontal blade filter from precoating tank pump, be circulated to oil and stop circulation after limpid, after precoating completes, the good camellia seed oil of freezing and crystallizing is pumped into filter and filter, remove wax and ester matter in oil, obtain tea seed processed oil.
2. according to the low-temperature cold pressing production technique of the tea oil described in claims 1, it is characterized in that, described DTDC evapo-separated machine has eight layers, first, two layers of preheating for the wet dregs of rice, reduce the condensation that mixes moisture in gas, the 3rd, four, five layers is pre-delamination, mix gas through wet dregs of rice layer, carry out first heat exchange, second remove the partial solvent in the wet dregs of rice, utilize heat and the wet dregs of rice of the secondary steam that the direct vapour of precipitation layer forms directly to carry out heat exchange, layer 6 is precipitation layer, in this one deck, pass into live steam the solvent in the wet dregs of rice is completely to the greatest extent de-, owing to directly containing water vapor condensate in vapour, cause dregs of rice moisture to raise, so adopt hot blast to remove the part moisture in the dregs of rice at layer 7, the 8th layer of cooled dehydrated reaches after safety requirements, go out workshop through scraper conveyor.
3. the low-temperature cold pressing production technique of tea oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described alkali lye can be sodium carbonate solution, sodium hydroxide solution or aqua calcis.
4. according to the low-temperature cold pressing production technique of the tea oil described in claims 1, it is characterized in that the mixture that described mixing discoloring agent is made up of atlapulgite, the zeolite of 10-20% and the sepiolite of 5-10% of the cocoanut active charcoal of 40-50%, 25-35%.
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