CN102503672A - Selenium and ferrum-enriched organic inorganic fertilizer and application method thereof - Google Patents
Selenium and ferrum-enriched organic inorganic fertilizer and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a formula of a fertilizer, and a using method for the fertilizer. A selenium and ferrum-enriched organic inorganic fertilizer used for producing selenium and ferrum-enriched rice is prepared by mixing selenite, ferrite, a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a decomposed organic fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer in a ratio, and granulating. The selenium and ferrum-enriched organic inorganic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in part by weight: 0.004 to 0.010 part of selenite, 1 to 5 parts of ferrite, 15 to 33 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 12 to 24 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 to 17 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.02 to 0.08 part of sodium of polyaspartic acid or salt thereof, 30 to 50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 5 to 8 parts of silicon fertilizer. The fertilizer contains selenium and ferrum, also contains other nutritional fortification substances required by growth of crops, can simultaneously provide selenium, ferrum and nutritional fortification substances required by the growth for the crops, contributes to the growth of the crops, improves the absorption rate and conversion rate of the selenium and the ferrum, and achieves an effect of producing the selenium and ferrum-enriched rice reaching the selenium and ferrum-enriched rice standard by applying a small amount of selenium and ferrum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, particularly a kind of fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice also relates to the application process of this fertilizer.
Background technology
Selenium is the essential trace element of humans and animals, is a kind of inhibitor, has to alleviate old and feeble effect, can eliminate multiple harmful radical, is called as oxidation resistant " gold partner " with the vitamin E synergy.As micronutrient (seleno-cysteine special in unique a kind of human genome; The 21st seed amino acid); Its importance is proved (Rayman; M P. 2002, The argument for increasing selenium intake. Proceeeding of the Nurtrition Society, 61:203-215).Scarce selenium can cause body immunity to descend, and with the generation that causes Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, seriously lacks selenium and will cause 40 various disease conditions, like coronary heart disease, hemolytic anemia and liver cancer etc.
1988, the intake that Chinese Soclety of Nutrition has proposed China adult selenium every day was 50～250 micrograms.Yet; China's 13 province's findings of the survey show that every day, selenium intake was merely 36 micrograms per capita in China, was lower than 50 microgram standards of world health organisation recommendations; The amount of replenishing 50 to 200 micrograms every day of more advising far below Chinese Soclety of Nutrition is less than 1/3rd of the U.S..China per capita every day the selenium intake wretched insufficiency, influence the physique of the nation people.
Chinese population selenium intake deficiency has two major reasons: the first, and the selenium resource distribution of China is seriously uneven.1980, national selenium generaI investigation showed, the high selenium zone (enshi) that the existing world of China is rare is internationally recognized scarce selenium area but 2/3 area is arranged, and the area more than 1/3 is the serious selenium that lacks, and wherein Yangtze River Delta Area such as Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Anhui are the serious selenium district that lacks.In scarce selenium area, soil lacks selenium, food lacks selenium, causes crowd's selenium under-supply.The second, it is limited that Chinese's dietary structure causes selenium to take in.The relative food with high of selenium content comprises seafood, meat and pluck, and the meat ratio is relatively low from Chinese traditional diet and most of real life condition.
Though can take number of ways to mend selenium for poor selenium area, generally believe that the selenium of human body is mainly derived from food, it is more suitable that tonic is mended selenium.With respect to inorganic selenium, the biogenic organoselenium has advantages such as absorption rate height, toxic side effects be little, and plant selenium is superior to animal selenium.
Iron is the maximum essential trace element of people's in-vivo content, is bringing into play important physiological action in vivo.。The human body iron deficiency not only causes the generation of anaemia illness, also can cause the immune function of human body infringement, is prone to suffer from the sick infection of acute and chronic; Pregnant woman's iron deficiency also can cause premature labor and fetal in utero poor growth.
Source of iron is in food intake, because iron level is widely different in the edatope of various places, and the difference of different areas people's meals consumption structure and economic situation, various places resident's iron nutritional status difference is also very big, according to statistics, 30% population iron deficiency is arranged in the world.The plain shortage of iron is the ubiquitous problems of China urban and rural residents; The 4th Chinese residents nutrition that lasts 2 years and investigation of health conditions report according in October, 2004 Ministry of Health's issue; Whole nation resident's anaemia morbidity average out to 15.2%, city male sex lO.6%, Urban Women 17.0%, the rural area male sex 12.9%, rural area women 18.8%; City 2 years old is with interior infant, old man, women of child-bearing age's anaemia morbidity are respectively 24.2%, 21.5% and 20.6% more than 60 years old.The sideropenia rate of Chinese children reaches 38.6%, does not mend iron owing to have easy detection means, most children not to carry out nutrition, so the anaemia morbidity of Chinese children is up to 30%, this problem of the poor areas of the western region is even more serious.
Solve the insufficient problem of needed by human body ferro element at present both at home and abroad; Generally all be in food, to add micro-molysite; The iron deficiency severe patient is then taken the iron content medicine; Ferrous-fortifier is done with ferric ammonium citrate, iron lactate, ferrous sulfate, Ferrous Gluconate etc. by for example many in the world countries, production irony fortified bread, cereal, flour, milk-product etc.; China does ferrous-fortifier with ferrous sulfate to produce iron-fortified foodss such as enriched cracker, beverage, the iron deficiency severe patient with ferrous sulfate, iron lactate etc. as drug administration.Because the inorganic salt of iron are as food fortifier, iron taste is heavy, fishy smell is arranged after edible, and to the less stable of heat, light, in food-processing, can produce deposition unavoidably, and molysite also can quicken becoming sour of fat, influences the quality of irony nutrient fortified food.
Paddy rice is the staple food crop of China, is that the population of staple food accounts for 50% of country's total population with rice.Therefore,, improve selenium and iron level in the rice through suitable pathways, significant for selemium nutrition that improves China resident and iron nutrition.
In several kinds of approach that improve rice ferroselenium content, be the most direct through adding nutrient substance production nutrition-enhanced rice, also be to improve the little plain deficiency disease of people means the most efficiently at present.But mostly the little plain nutrition of being added is inorganic states, and physiologically active is low, and the absorption of human body utilization ratio is not high; Simultaneously because the difference of production technique, the nutrition-enhanced rice that has nutrition leak in elutriation, the nutrition grain that has is because of having differently with general rice on the color, and the human consumer is difficult for accepting for the moment; Though can effectively solve nutrition leak and grain of rice color problem and adopt rice to soak the nutrition-enhanced rice of inhaling surface coatings production, its tooling cost increases more.
At present, the domestic fertilizer that is used to produce the rice that is rich in various nutritive elements is the method through foliage-spray mainly, and promptly foliage-spray is rich in the solution of various nutritive elements in the Rice Production process.A kind of method that contains the selenium-rich agent cultivation Selenium rich rice of selenium mineral compound and phosphoric acid salt composition through foliage-spray is disclosed among the CN ZL200410009346.3 " a kind of cultivating method of Selenium rich rice "; CN101228834A " a kind of working method of biological selenium-enriched nutrient rice " has proposed a kind of different times at paddy growth, sprays the mixed solution that is mixed and made into by RE microbial fertilizer, Sodium Selenite and BAS, to produce the method for selenium-rich nutritive rice; Patent documentation CN1806507A " the kind method for planting of green selenium-and calcium-enriched rice " discloses a kind of different times at paddy growth, sprays rich selenium calcium efficient organic liquid fertilizer, but does not announce concrete composition and the preparation method that this liquid is fertile; CN101225006A discloses preparation method of a kind of zinc-iron-selenium enriched bio-fertilizer and using method thereof, is equally to process foliage fertilizer, sprays at rice growing season.CN101717294A discloses a kind of Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, and this fertilizer is rich in nutritive elements such as zinc-iron selenium, and method of use is for converting foliage-spray behind the water.
Owing to all nutritive elements such as iron selenium are processed foliage fertilizer in the above-mentioned patent, adopt the method production of foliage-spray to be rich in the rice of nutritive element such as needed by human body iron selenium, its advantage is that crop absorbs soon.But its shortcoming also clearly; At first foliage-spray requires in the fertilizer nutritive element content than higher; Just require the concentration of sodium selenate, potassium selenate, potassium selenite, ammonium selenite and Sodium Selenite to reach 1%, 0.56%, 1.09%, 1%～1.78% and 0.83%～1.11% respectively like the embodiment among the CN ZL200410009346.3, the selenium fertilizer of high density has increased uses fertile cost; Secondly, because foliage-spray, selenium, iron fertilizer are easy to be sprayed onto the field or because precipitation gets into soil, so just field runoff water and soil are caused certain pollution, and be very big waste.
Chinese invention patent CN 101791081 A disclose a kind of rice rich in selenium and working method thereof; Be selenium-rich nutritive agent (being made up of nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer mixing) to be added again apply the field as base manure after nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer mixes, results back gained before using.Compare the method for foliage-spray selenium-rich agent, the consumption of selenium obviously reduces, and has saved the step of independent benefit selenium simultaneously, and cost and working time are reduced, and the selenium in the rice mainly exists with the form of organoselenium, is easily absorbed by the body, and has tangible progress.
But the just conventional chemical fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium in should invention, and need be using before manual work use after selenium-rich nutritive agent and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are mixed thoroughly by a certain percentage.The more important thing is; Used above-mentioned fertilizer in this invention application the rice of being produced is reached among the 4th ~ 11 embodiment of rice rich in selenium national standard, the consumption of selenium reaches 8000 ~ 54545 milligrams/mu in the fertilizer that the whole growth season of paddy rice is used, and the consumption of selenium is still bigger; The selenium fertilizer of high density has increased uses fertile cost; And because selenium is poisonous, excessive selenium has caused pollution to field runoff water and soil, and is very big waste.
The fertilizer and the working method of therefore, producing the rice that is rich in various nutritive elements such as selenium, iron need further be improved.
Summary of the invention
In view of this; Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that rich ferroselenium rice is produced in a kind of effective and cheap being used to; This fertilizer can provide other required nutritional fortification material of selenium, ferro element and growth for crop simultaneously; Use this fertilizer and help the growth of crop, improve the specific absorption and the transformation efficiency of selenium, iron, reach and use less selenium, iron and just can produce the rich selenium that reaches the Selenium rich rice standard, the effect of iron rice.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the application process of above-mentioned rich selenium, iron organic and inorganic fertilizer.
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of rich iron organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice, this fertilizer contains selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and the siliceous fertilizer that proportional mixing forms.
Described selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and siliceous fertilizer are counted by weight:
0.004～0.010 part of selenite;
1～5 part of ferrous salt;
15～33 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer;
12～24 parts in phosphate fertilizer;
10～17 parts in potash fertilizer;
0.02～0.08 part of poly-aspartic-acid or its salt;
30～50 parts in the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
5～8 parts of siliceous fertilizers.
After described selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, siliceous fertilizer each component mixed, the percentage composition of organic matter, purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, iron, silicon was by weight:
Organic 15～20%;
Purity nitrogen 9～15%;
In P2O5, phosphorus 5～7%;
In K2O potassium 6～11%;
In Se, selenium 0.001～0.01%;
In Fe, iron 0. 15～0. 85%;
In Si, silicon 1～5%.
Said selenite is selected from least a in potassium selenite, Sodium Selenite or the ammonium selenite; Said ferrous salt is selected from least a in ferrous sulfate, the Sytron; Said nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from least a in urea, the ammonium chloride; Said phosphate fertilizer is selected from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate at least a; Said potash fertilizer is selected from least a in Repone K, potassium primary phosphate and the potassium hydrogenphosphate; Said poly-aspartic-acid or its salt are selected from least a in poly-aspartic-acid, poly-aspartic-acid potassium, poly-aspartic-acid ammonium or the poly-aspartic-acid sodium; The said organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is through the feces of livestock and poultry of batch production fermentation maturity and/or bacterium chaff; Said siliceous fertilizer is selected from least a in rice hull ash that water glass, potassium silicate, burning cross, slag, the flyash.
Also contain 3～12 parts amendment in the above-mentioned rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer, said amendment is attapulgite or zeolite powder.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of application process of above-mentioned rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer is: as base manure or topdress and impose on the field, application times is 1 ~ 4 time with fertilizer.
Said fertilizer application frequency is preferably 3 times, and concrete steps are:
(1) use for the first time: before the arable land, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer earlier and make base manure, amount of application is 20～35 kilograms every mu;
(2) use for the second time: rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields as leaven in the field in the back of ploughing before broken upturned soil, amount of application is 10～25 kilograms every mu;
(3) use for the third time: before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer as topdressing, amount of application is 30～60 kilograms every mu.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer provided by the invention; When making full use of selenite, ferrous salt characteristic; Itself and composite fertilizer and the fertilizer form with product is combined as a whole, when promoting crop field down partly to fertilizer nutrient specific absorption, raising plant recovery of nutrient, healthy and strong plant; Increase photosynthesis; Thereby reach the coordination that crop aerial growth and underground part absorb, realize the common raising of crop yield and quality, the rice of producing with this fertilizer is a kind of nurient enhanced type rice of organic Se-rich iron zinc.Use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of the present invention, only need 600 ~ 12000 milligrams/mu at total amount of application of the whole growth season selenium of paddy rice, the rice of being produced just can reach Selenium rich rice paddy rice national standard, falls this thereby reach joint fertilizer, improves the purpose of meter matter.Simultaneously because contain selenium in the fertilizer of using, the iron amount is less, the pollution that can avoid excessive selenium, iron that field runoff water and soil are caused.
(2) contain organic fertilizer such as feces of livestock and poultry such as chicken manure through the batch production fermentation maturity, cow dung, pig manure and bacterium chaff in the component of the present invention; Organic fertilizer is except containing biochemical fulvic acid, amino acid isoreactivity organic substance; What also contain microorganism secretion in the composting process helps the physiologically active substance of plant growth like IAA etc.; These organic materialss can stimulate root system development and the plant strain growth of crop; For soil provides bigger surge capability, alleviate decline, and higher relatively pH environment helps keeping the ratio of selenate in the soil, selenite by rice plant root system secretion organic acid pH; Biochemical fulvic acid in the fertilizer, amino acid help slowing down the ferrous oxidation, and the biological effectiveness of raising selenium, iron and paddy rice are to the utilization ratio of selenium, iron;
(3) contain siliceous fertilizer in the component of the present invention; Siliceous fertilizer can improve crop anti-adversity, improves photosynthesis, stimulate root system development; Strengthen the paddy disease-resistant ability, improve setting percentage, promote the accumulation of dry-matter and then increase output; And the effect that improves rice matter is arranged, thereby promote plant growth and the absorption of selenium, iron is transformed;
(4) containing poly-aspartic-acid (salt) in the component of the present invention, is a kind of through bionical synthetic macromolecular compound, in the natural housing that is present in sea mollusk, and safety non-toxic, environmental friendliness, biodegradable.SAP 73 can have sequestering action to metals ion; Can promote N, P, K and selenium, iron microelement to supply with plant, make plant more effectively utilize fertilizer, improve the speed of growth, the yield and quality of farm crop; And (cold one is glad etc. to improve soil quality; The corn science, 2005,13 (3): 100-102).
(5) the present invention is applied to agricultural experiment and shows, rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of the present invention can be gathered in the crops the rice of rich selenium and Fu Tie simultaneously, thereby reaches the effect of killing two birds with one stone.
(6) rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of the present invention is a kind of solid phase prod, and the color proterties is identical with common organic and inorganic fertilizer, and quality product can reach state quality standard.
(7) application process of the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of the present invention be with fertilizer as base manure or topdress and directly apply the field, the ferroselenium in the fertilizer is directly absorbed by crop root.In addition, the method that the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of the present invention adopts gradation to use, the whole growth season that helps crop absorbs selenium, ferro element and other nutritional fortification element more fully, and reduces the loss of nutrient and selenium, ferro element.And use this fertilizer except can effectively improving selenium, the iron level in the rice grain, and can also promote soil organism accumulation, improve Soil structure and physico-chemical property.
(8) improving rice selenium, iron nutritional status through the rich selenium of paddy rice, iron cultivation technique, is to solve meals at present to lack selenium, the most cost-effective approach of iron problem.We can say that the rice of cultivating in this way is exactly a kind of natural selenium-rich, rich iron rice; The selenium of this organic or iron man's bulk absorption utilization ratio are high; It has overcome the deficiency of nutrition-enhanced rice; And avoided the biological safety problem arguement of transgenic rice, thereby develop this new function rice of rich ferroselenium rice through this approach boundless application prospect will be arranged, and selenium, the iron under-nutrition of improving the people is had realistic meanings.
Embodiment
The various raw materials of mentioned rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer all can use the conventional products that uses in the present fertiliser prodn among the present invention; Rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer adopts common process and device fabrication in the present fertiliser prodn; The method for preparing rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer according to the invention is to adopt present fertiliser prodn enterprise modal two kinds of technologies, slurry process or granulating method technology.When slurry process is produced; To proportionally mix except that other component selenite, ferrous salt, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed earlier; Before granulating working procedure, selenite, ferrous salt, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed directly are added in the fertilizer mixed slurry of molten state in proportion; After mixing, accomplish granulation through tablets press, all the other all processing condition and equipment are identical with the manufacturing condition and the equipment of existing slurry process production composite fertilizer; When utilizing granulating method to produce; Before granulating working procedure, selenite, ferrous salt, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are added in the tablets press after WT-MSR before the tablets press measures in proportion through being arranged on; Accomplish granulation, all the other all processing condition and equipment are identical with the manufacturing condition and the equipment of existing granulating method production composite fertilizer.
The present invention is to have the collocation of the multiple fertilizer material of different effects to the contribution of prior art; The effect of different sorts fertilizer is mutually promoted; Replenish each other; And be that those skilled in the art know and use always as for each components contents, according to use regional soil physico-chemical property and selenium, iron level is confirmed.
The selenite that is adopted among the present invention, ferrous salt, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, siliceous fertilizer and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are commercially available product, also can synthesize according to known method, and this paper repeats no more.
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is done further description below in conjunction with embodiment.The concrete composition that selenite, ferrous salt, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, siliceous fertilizer are selected for use among the embodiment just illustrates of the present invention; Not to qualification of the present invention; It only is that the fertilizer formula that the present invention recommends is formed that prescription among the embodiment is formed, and those skilled in the art can expand and extend on basis of the present invention based on spirit of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment; Contain by weight: 0.006 part of ammonium selenite, 4 parts in ferrous sulfate, 0.04 part of poly-aspartic-acid, 17.2 parts in urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphates and 6 parts of superphosphate of lime, 10 parts in Repone K, 45 parts of cow dungs, 5 parts of water glass, 6.794 parts of attapulgites through the batch production fermentation maturity.
The weight percent of each component is: organic matter 20%, and purity nitrogen (N) 9%, phosphorus is (with P
2O
5Meter) 5%, potassium is (with K
2The O meter) 6%, selenium (in Se) 0.002 %, iron (in Fe) 0.68%; Process rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer through granulating method.
Adopt original pellet granulation technology, its equipment is identical with Technology with the equipment that technology and existing granulating method are produced chemical fertilizer and organic and inorganic fertilizer, and it is before tablets press, to increase by two volume pumps that are connected with tablets press with the difference of existing installation.It is 30% solution that poly-aspartic-acid is configured to mass percent, and ammonium selenite is dissolved in to process mass percent in this solution be 0.6% selenite solution, and this solution joins tablets press through volume pump, and flow is respectively 20 kilograms/hour; To add in proportion through the cow dung of batch production fermentation maturity in the tablets press simultaneously, add-on is 900 kilograms/hour.Above-mentioned additive and ferrous sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime, Repone K, water glass, attapulgite mix in tablets press in proportion, and granulation.The final rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that obtains 2 tons/hour has reached quality standard through detecting its quality product.
Present embodiment field fertilizer efficiency data are following:
Field test place: the west of a city, Woyang County, Anhui Province, middle fertility.The basic physical and chemical of test place soil is seen table 1.
Table 1 supplies examination soil basic chemical property
The confession rice of trying the water: kind is that the conventional single harvest rice connects good round-grained rice l number.
The application process of the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment is:
(1) uses for the first time: before rice transplantation, use 35 kilograms of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizers earlier for every mu and make base manure;
(2) use for the second time: 15 kilograms of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizers are spread fertilizer over the fields as leaven every per mu sparing before broken upturned soil in the back, arable land;
(3) use for the third time: before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer as topdressing, amount of application is 50 kilograms every mu.
Total amount of application of selenium in the present embodiment (in Se) is 2000 milligrams/mu, and total amount of application of ammonium selenite is 6000 milligrams/mu.
After using the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment; Measure total selenium content and iron-holder in the rice after the paddy rice ripe and harvested, measuring method is according to GB/T 22499-2008 " rich selenium paddy " and GB/T14609-2008 " the mensuration flame atomic absorption spectrometry of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, magnesium in grain and oil check cereal and the goods thereof ".
Through detect use the paddy rice maturation of this rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer after, the total selenium content in every kilogram of rice is 0.12 ~ 0.28 milligram, 0.20 milligram of average out to reaches
RichSelenium paddy rice standard; Total iron content in every kilogram of rice is 63.2 ~ 110.7 milligrams, 86.95 milligrams of average out to.
Embodiment 2:
In the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment, contain by weight: 0.004 part of Sodium Selenite, 5 parts of Sytrons; 3.6 parts of ammonium chlorides, 20.4 parts in urea, 8.5 parts of 5 parts of diammonium phosphate and superphosphate of lime; 3.8 parts of 13 parts in Repone K and potassium primary phosphates; 0.03 part in poly-aspartic-acid potassium and 0.03 part in poly-aspartic-acid sodium are through 36 parts of the chicken manures of batch production fermentation maturity, 5 parts of rice hull ash.
The weight percent of each component is: organic matter 20%, and purity nitrogen (N) 11%, phosphorus (in P2O5) 5%, potassium (in K2O) 9%, selenium (in Se) 0.003%, iron (in Fe) 0.625% is processed rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer through slurry process.The preparation method:
Adopt original slurry process granulation process, its equipment is identical with Technology with the equipment that technology and existing slurry process are produced chemical fertilizer and organic and inorganic fertilizer.To proportionally mix except that other component of Sodium Selenite, Sytron, poly-aspartic-acid potassium and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed earlier; Before granulating working procedure, will directly be added in proportion in the fertilizer mixed slurry of molten state except that selenite, Sytron, poly-aspartic-acid potassium and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; After mixing; Accomplish granulation through tablets press; All the other all processing condition are identical with the manufacturing condition of existing slurry process production composite fertilizer, reached quality standard through detecting its quality product.
Present embodiment field test data are following:
The field test place: San Mao town, Yangzhong City, Jiangsu Province belongs to the Changjiang river alluviation and becomes silted up native (folder sandy soil) middle fertility, the soil organism 2.4%, hydrolyzable nitrogen 106mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 9.8 mg/kg, available potassium 85 mg/kg.
The confession rice of trying the water: rice varieties is a ripe late round-grained rice in the round-grained rice military 15, adopts to mould dish and throw and plant.
The application process of the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment is:
(1) uses for the first time: before rice transplantation, use 30 kilograms of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizers earlier for every mu and make base manure;
(2) use for the second time: plough the back before broken upturned soil every mu evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 20 kilograms of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizers again as leaven;
(3) use for the third time: before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer as topdressing, amount of application is 40 kilograms every mu.
Total amount of application of selenium in the present embodiment (in Se) is 2700 milligrams/mu, and total amount of application of selenite is 3600 milligrams/mu.
After using the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment, measure the total selenium content in the rice after the paddy rice ripe and harvested, measuring method is according to GB/T 22499-2008 " rich selenium paddy "; Measure the total iron-holder in the rice, measuring method is according to GB/T14609-2008 " the mensuration flame atomic absorption spectrometry of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, magnesium in grain and oil check cereal and the goods thereof ".
Through detect use the paddy rice maturation of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer after, the total selenium content in every kilogram of rice is 0.15 ~ 0.30 milligram, 0.225 milligram of average out to reaches the Selenium rich rice standard; Total iron content in every kilogram of rice is 71.5 ~ 120.6 milligrams, 96.05 milligrams of average out to.
Embodiment 3
In the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of present embodiment, contain by weight: 0.008 part of potassium selenite, 3 parts in ferrous sulfate; 14.6 parts of 16 parts in urea and ammonium chlorides, 12 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 1.8 parts of 10.5 parts in Repone K and potassium hydrogenphosphates; 0.05 part of poly-aspartic-acid ammonium; Through 24.5 parts of the pig manures of batch production fermentation maturity and 10 parts of chicken manures, 4 parts of potassium silicates and 3.4 parts in flyash, 3.192 parts of attapulgites.
Above-mentioned substance contains according to weight percent meter: organic matter 20%, and purity nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (in P2O5) 6%, potassium (in K2O) 7%, selenium (in Se) 0.006 %, iron (in Fe) 0.51% is processed rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer through granulating method.
Simultaneously, (potassium (in K2O) 7% is mixed with inorganic dedicated fertilizer for purity nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (in P2O5) 6% according to identical npk nutrient ratio.
According to organic matter 20%, purity nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (in P2O5) 6%, potassium (in K2O) 7%, selenium (in Se) 0.006 % processes rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizer through granulating method.
Present embodiment field test data are following:
Field test place: the Huicheng District mouth of a river, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province town; Soil fertility is medium, soil organism average out to 20.14g/kg, the average 217.72mg/kg of soil nitrate nitrogen content; The average 39.39mg/kg of soil available phosphorus, soil available potassium average out to 91.39mg/kg.
The confession rice of trying the water: rice varieties is Huang Sizhan.
Fertilizer treatment is:
The fertilizer amount of table 2 different treatment
| Handle | Fertilizer and consumption thereof |
| Contrast | Use 100 kilograms of inorganic dedicated fertilizers for every mu |
| The fertilizer rich in selenium contrast | Use 100 kilograms of rich selenium organic and inorganic fertilizers for every mu |
| Rich ferroselenium is handled | Use 100 kilograms of rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizers for every mu |
Application process:
Before rice transplantation, the field is used 100 kilograms of fertilizer for every mu and is made base manure.
Total amount of application of fertilizer rich in selenium and rich ferroselenium processing selenium (in Se) is 6000 milligrams/mu in the present embodiment, and total amount of application of selenite is 8000 milligrams/mu.
After the paddy rice ripe and harvested; Entrust Huizhou City, Guangdong Province agricultural product quality and safety supervision inspection center to measure the total selenium content in the rice; Measuring method is according to GB/T 22499-2008 " rich selenium paddy "; Measure the total iron-holder in the rice, measuring method is according to GB/T14609-2008 " the mensuration flame atomic absorption spectrometry of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, magnesium in grain and oil check cereal and the goods thereof ".
Through detecting:
Ferroselenium content in the table 3 different treatment rice
| Handle | Selenium content (mg/kg) | Iron level (mg/kg) |
| Contrast | 0.06 | 27.21 |
| The fertilizer rich in selenium contrast | 0.30 | 28.94 |
| Rich ferroselenium is handled | 0.29 | 113.50 |
Detected result show use rich selenium, iron organic and inorganic fertilizer after, can obviously improve the total selenium content and the total iron content of rice; Its total selenium and total zinc content are no more than the regulation of NY 861-2004 " eight kinds of elements such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium, arsenic, copper, zinc are limited the quantity of in grain (containing cereal, beans, potato class) and the goods " standard simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1. rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice, it is characterized in that: this fertilizer contains selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and the siliceous fertilizer that proportional mixing forms.
2. the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that described selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and siliceous fertilizer count by weight:
0.004～0.010 part of selenite;
1 ~ 5 part of ferrous salt;
15～33 parts in nitrogenous fertilizer;
12～24 parts in phosphate fertilizer;
10～17 parts in potash fertilizer;
0.02 ~ 0.08 part of poly-aspartic-acid or its salt;
30～50 parts in the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
5～8 parts of siliceous fertilizers.
3. the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice according to claim 2; After it is characterized in that described selenite, ferrous salt, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, poly-aspartic-acid or its salt, the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, siliceous fertilizer each component mix, the percentage composition of organic matter, purity nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, iron, silicon is by weight:
Organic 15 ~ 20%;
Purity nitrogen 9～15%;
With P
2O
5Meter, phosphorus 5～7%;
With K
2O counts potassium 6～11%;
In Se, selenium 0.001 ~ 0.01%;
In Fe, iron 0. 15 ~ 0. 85%;
In Si, silicon 1～5%.
4. the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice according to claim 3 is characterized in that: said selenite is selected from least a in potassium selenite, Sodium Selenite or the ammonium selenite; Said ferrous salt is selected from least a in ferrous sulfate, the Sytron; Said nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from least a in urea, the ammonium chloride; Said phosphate fertilizer is selected from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate at least a; Said potash fertilizer is selected from least a in Repone K, potassium primary phosphate and the potassium hydrogenphosphate; Said poly-aspartic-acid or its
SaltBe selected from least a in poly-aspartic-acid, poly-aspartic-acid potassium, poly-aspartic-acid ammonium or the poly-aspartic-acid sodium; The said organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is through the feces of livestock and poultry of batch production fermentation maturity and/or bacterium chaff; Said siliceous fertilizer is selected from least a in rice hull ash that water glass, potassium silicate, burning cross, slag, the flyash.
5. the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer that is used to produce rich ferroselenium rice according to claim 4 is characterized in that: also contain 3 ~ 12 parts amendment, said amendment is attapulgite or zeolite powder.
6. application process that is used to produce the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of rich ferroselenium rice is characterized in that: as base manure or topdress and impose on the field, fertilizer application frequency is 1 ~ 4 time with fertilizer.
7. according to the said application process that is used to produce the rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer of rich ferroselenium rice of claim 6, it is characterized in that: said fertilizer application frequency is 3 times, and concrete steps do,
(1) use for the first time: before the arable land, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer earlier and make base manure, amount of application is 20～35 kilograms every mu;
(2) use for the second time: rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields as leaven in the field in the back of ploughing before broken upturned soil, amount of application is 10～25 kilograms every mu;
(3) use for the third time: before rice tillering is put the field latter stage, use rich ferroselenium organic and inorganic fertilizer as topdressing, amount of application is 30～60 kilograms every mu.
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