CN102502371A - Detection method for temperature rise of explosion-proof elevator during braking of brake - Google Patents
Detection method for temperature rise of explosion-proof elevator during braking of brake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical fields of temperature detection, explosion proofing for elevator and the braking of elevator brake, particularly to a detection method for a temperature rise of an explosion-proof elevator during the braking of a brake. The detection method for a temperature rise of an explosion-proof elevator during the braking of a brake comprises the following steps of: measuring the temperature and humidity of an environment, stabilizing the operation of the elevator, adjusting the weights (counterweights) of a compartment, starting an infrared thermal imager to acquire data, shooting, recording and the like, so as to finish monitoring for the temperature rise of the explosion-proof elevator. The detection method for a temperature rise of an explosion-proof elevator during the braking of a brake disclosed by the invention can perform accurate monitoring on the temperature rise when the explosion-proof elevator is braked, and can perform explosion-proof control and maintenance on the elevator better, so that the operation of the elevator is safer and more reliable. The method is high in efficiency during operation, wider in application range, and capable of being used for various explosion-proof elevators.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to temperature detection, explosion-proof, the elevator brake braking technology field of elevator, is a kind of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise method of inspection specifically.
[background technology]
Explosion-proof lift requires it must prevent reliably that dangerous spark initiation and dangerous high temperature from igniting when design.At present domestic anti-explosion safety technical study to explosion-proof lift mostly concentrates on electric spark aspect; The ignition source of explosion-proof lift also has many other factors such as mechanical spark, electrostatic spark, dangerous high temperature; The traction-type explosion-proof lift should satisfy elevator standard, electrical explosion proof series standard simultaneously; And non-electrical explosion proof series standard etc., wherein clearly to the explosion-proof criteria of non-electrical equipment at present only Europe promulgation is arranged, this also is the part of shortcoming the most in the domestic existing explosion-proof lift safety standard.
As shown in Figure 1 for the traction-type explosion-proof lift be representative type electrical category complete equipment; Wherein have between many parts and have relative motion; Some kinematic pair just exists friction phenomenon in course of normal operation, some then can produce when security function is moved and rub or bump, in the process of maintenance, maintenance, also possibly produce friction and impact; Also possibly take place when normally using in addition, and explosion-proof lift status of equipment or no direct causal friction of condition of service itself and bump.For the directly component surface of bump possibly take place; Explosion-proof lift has adopted no spark materials such as beallon, albronze, corrosion-resistant steel usually in manufacturing and designing; Handle through finish coat or integral coating; Reduction produces the probability of spark because of mechanical impact, but friction must bring temperature build-up, and the temperature rise of drg stop process is very important in each item friction Temperature Rise factor of explosion-proof lift.
Traction elevator traction driving relationship is as shown in Figure 1.Electrical motor and drop-gear box, the drg etc. that are installed in machine room are formed towing machine, are the power that traction drives.Traction steel-cable connects car through traction sheave one end, and an end connects counterweight.For the car in the hoistway is not rubbed along the operation of hoistway middle guide with counterweight separately mutually, place a track adjusting wheel on the towing machine and make the two separately.The gravity of car and counterweight is pressed on traction steel-cable and produces friction force in the traction race.
Present traction-type explosion-proof lift all adopts frequency conversion voltage adjusting control extremely basically; The mechanical energy of elevator all converts through electric wiring in its normal stop process; Therefore under normal circumstances, drg almost has no friction heat to produce (being the zero-speed band-type brake), but in sudden power etc. in emergency circumstances; The mechanical friction of high load capacity will take place, and has no direct explosion-proof safeguard procedures at this moment.
What elevator adopted is machine-electric friction-type normally closed brake.So-called normally closed brake can not refer to the device braking of work schedule of machinery, declutches during machine operation.During elevator brake, rely on the effect of mechanical force, make brake collar and brake wheel friction and produce lock torque; During the elevator operation, rely on electromagnetic force that drg is declutched, therefore claim magnet stopper again.Use drum brake mechanism like Fig. 2 for a kind of common elevator.
The stop process of traction elevator is a representative type conversion process of energy; Gravity acting all will be converted into heat energy in initial kinetic energy that elevator is had during the beginning stop and the stop process by the friction working in the stop process, make brake block and brake wheel surface produce temperature rise.
The heat of giving birth to drg is analyzed with the heat radiation process, and the system that obtains gives birth to heat and can be described by simple block diagram shown in Figure 3 with the heat-dissipation mode.During elevator brake, the friction heat that the brake friction secondary surface produces will cause the brake wheel temperature to rise projecting ambient temperature.The temperature of brake wheel leaves more, and the heat that loses because of convection current, radiation and heat exchange pattern is also just many more.When drg absorbed heat and dispersed heat tended to balance, the brake wheel temperature also tended towards stability.According to the correlative study data; In the ordinary course of things; The drg of drum-type structure accounts for 5%～10% of brake wheel heat dissipation capacity because of the heat that radiation heat transfer lost, and the topmost radiating mode of this type drg is a heat loss through convection, and the capacity that is lost accounts for more than 80% of total heat dissipation capacity.And; Because brake block all is close to the brake wheel surface after braking procedure and stop; So there is not Convective Heat Transfer basically in the brake block inside face, so the convective heat exchange of towing machine brake wheel mainly is the heat exchange of brake wheel exposed surface, therefore; Explosion-proof lift to reach the safe in operation under the hazardous gas environment, the highest temperature of its brake block exposed surface when urgent stop must be less than the detonation point temperature of ambient gas.
General elevator brake brake shoe is a kind of individual layer cylindrical wall structure (as shown in Figure 4); Compare with planomural and to be characterized in that temperature is only along radial direction change (also being the one dimension heat conduction); The heat that brake block conducts out (or temperature), the thickness of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of brake shoe material, the face area of brake shoe and brake shoe is relevant.Under the situation of the mechanical energy that will brake certain (heat that promptly will conduct is certain), select the littler made brake block of coefficient of heat transmission for use, or increase the face area or the thickness of brake shoe, all help reducing the temperature of drg when the elevator emergency stop.
[summary of the invention]
The objective of the invention is to remedy the defective of prior art, thereby provide a kind of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature that can detect better to protect elevator, explosion-proof method.
For realizing that above-mentioned purpose designs a kind of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise method of inspection, comprise thermal infrared imager, it is characterized in that described method is following:
(1) at first measures ambient temperature and humidity, judge that site environment meets the experimental instrument and equipment requirement with Hygrothermograph;
(2) elevator carries out the several trail run before the test under no-load condition, till stable;
(3) guarantee tested elevator independent operation in the test process, interference-free;
(4) adjustment fixes the thermal infrared imager position, and rotating the brake shoe extreme direction of leaving away with brake shoe and drg contact surface along braking is that target is focused, and changes camera lens to guarantee the form and the depth of field;
(5) break off overload protection device, and the heap(ed) capacity of adjustment car counterweight is to setting value;
(6) car walks to the top terminal landing level position, and guaranteeing does not have the passenger in the car, and it is descending to bottom end station from top terminal landing to start elevator; Treat that car walks to the hoistway middle part; After elevator reaches command speed, open the thermal infrared imager real-time data acquisition, and start urgent stop operation after 2 seconds in time-delay;
(7) keep under same load, the identical running velocity condition, carry out identical urgent stop operation and open record, take entering face and disengaging face that brake wheel contacts with brake shoe respectively;
(8) treating to stop fully continued record thermal image stopped after 2～3 seconds.
Described thermal infrared imager is connected through IEEE 1394 interfaces with computing machine, and the startup of lens focus adjustment, thermographic image data collection and record, stop etc. being operated and directly accomplished at computer terminal.
Described thermal infrared imager adopts looks up angle acquisition.
The present invention compares with prior art; Temperature rise in the time of can be to the explosion-proof lift stop is made accurately and being measured; Can carry out explosion-proof control and maintenance to elevator better, make the operation of elevator more safe and reliable, this method efficient when operation is high; Applicable scope is wider, can be used on the various explosion-proof lifts.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is that elevator is dragged and drawn the system architecture scheme drawing; Fig. 2 is an elevator drum brake machine structural representation;
Fig. 3 traction machine brake heat exchange process scheme drawing; Fig. 4 is the steady heat conduction curve of individual layer cylindrical wall;
Fig. 5 drg hand of rotation is taken heat picture with exposure high temperature surface bitmap 6 depression angles;
Put scheme drawing;
Fig. 7 looks up the angle shot heat picture; Fig. 8 is measurement circle of thermal imaging system
software
Face;
Fig. 9 is the temperature data that ASCII fromat is derived; Figure 10 is a highest temperature region heat picture exemplary plot;
Figure 11 high-temperature zone heat picture exemplary plot; Figure 12 is a brake friction heat test scheme drawing;
Figure 13 is every frame highest temperature point time-serial position; The every frame temperature time-serial position of Figure 14 Chosen Point;
The temperature traverse rate curve of Figure 15 Chosen Point; Figure 16 is the line temperature measurement figure in non-uniform temperature zone;
Figure 17 is that line temperature distribution graph Figure 18 of Figure 16 is three-dimensional temperature profile;
Figure 19 is that running velocity is that load is to drg maximum temperaturerise curve to drg maximum temperaturerise curve Figure 20;
Figure 21 is that lock torque is to drg maximum temperaturerise curve Figure 22 drg stop maximum temperaturerise rate definition curve;
Figure 23 is that running velocity is the shadow of load for the drg maximum temperaturerise to drg maximum temperaturerise rate shadow Figure 24
Ring curve; Ring curve;
Urgent stop temperature variation curve when Figure 25 is the lock torque deficiency
Among the figure: 1. motor 2. brakes 3. decelerators 4. traction machines 5. directive wheels 6. fag ends make up 7. cars, 8. counterweights, 9. tripping spring adjusting nuts 10. braking tile fragment retainer spring bolts, 11. braking tile fragment bolts 12. and fall along nut 13. Breake Electromagnets 14. electromagnetic cores 15. bolts 16. brake arms 17. braking tile fragments 18. braking waddings 19. braked wheels 20. tripping spring screw rods 21. cam (edge) 22. tripping springs that manually declutch.
[specific embodiment]
In conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified, the manufacturing technology of this device is very clearly concerning this professional people.
Because the elevator stopping time is all shorter usually; And the heat that in whole braking procedure, is produced mainly is to be braked brake shoe to absorb; And the Convective Heat Transfer of brake block and external environment is that to be accompanied by the production process of friction heat simultaneous; Therefore must in motion process, carry out the mensuration of its temperature rise, promptly measurement means must can satisfy real-time Testing requirement.
Owing to limited by the scantling of structure of elevator traction machine and space layout, the thermocouple wireless temperature measuring device can't be installed in the inside of brake wheel; Though and the brake block space outerpace allows, because of the heat conductivility of friction lining very poor, the temperature traverse that pre-buried thermocouple can't obtain in real time to rub and cause.If adopt the thermal infrared imager of excellent performance, if can be according to selected correct radiance and the transmissivity of environmental conditions, in selected range ability, its survey precision can reach measurement requirement, therefore considers to accomplish record with infra red thermograph.
Adopt portable thermal infrared imager+pocket computer control, can greatly simplify on-the-spot the layout.The formation of system is shown in figure 12.
, more representative type take off data more many for obtaining are chosen the towing machine photo of two appearance ladders selecting for use when two kinds of representative type towing machines carry out the urgent stop experiment of explosion-proof lift drg as object, and terraced A and a kind terraced B represent with dividing very in this article.The detail parameters of these two elevator traction machines is as shown in the table.Wherein, the terraced A of appearance is mainly used in and verifies, to verify this towing machine under the situation of urgent stop, whether the temperature rise of drg can satisfy explosion-proof related request.The terraced B of appearance is mainly used in and studies, and research is when the various structures of towing machine and kinematic parameter change, for the influence of drg explosion-proof performance.
The main purpose of checking is in order to verify towing machine under the situation of urgent stop, and whether the temperature rise of drg can satisfy explosion-proof related request, and whether check present principles, scheme, equipment and concrete implementation step be reasonable.Checking is mainly carried out in the middle of appearance ladder A, can regulate the speed of elevator through the mode of frequency conversion, also can regulate the nominal payload of elevator through the mode that changes counterweight.So just can carry out the checking under the multiple condition.Concrete parameter selected when verifying is as shown in the table, has carried out 8 groups of data altogether.
| Sequence number | Set up load kg | Setting speed m/s | Operating mode | The car |
| A1 | ||||
| 1250 | 0.50 | Car overload is downward | 125 | |
| A2 | ||||
| 1250 | 0.63 | Car overload is downward | 125 | |
| A3 | ||||
| 1250 | 1.00 | Car overload is downward | 125 | |
| A4 | ||||
| 2000 | 0.25 | Car overload is downward | 125 | |
| A5 | ||||
| 2000 | 0.50 | Car overload is downward | 125 | |
| A6 | ||||
| 3000 | 0.25 | Car overload is downward | 125％ | |
| A7 | 5000 | 0.25 | Car overload is downward | 125％ |
| A8 | 10000 | 0.25 | Car overload is downward | 125％ |
About confirming of operating mode, after requiring about the engineering factor of hypervelocity, overload protection with reference to GB7588-2003 (EN81-1:1998), the exceedingly odious working characteristics under contrast car unloaded up and the descending two kinds of conditions of overload determines.Selected operating mode in the last table; The explosion-proof lift of all supposing required checking is in (its load can not reach overload condition under the normal circumstances) under the extreme unusual service condition; Its temperature rise situation more can reflect its anti-explosion safety capacity when carrying out operation downwards according to 125% load state of rated load, and the elevator that is not easy to transport counterweight for the scene can adopt the unloaded upwards operating condition car of car.
The basic step of checking; Be that the control car gets into command speed maintenance stable speed operation and car is in the safe operation height; Carry out that elevator emergency stop operating order---lift car carries out urgent stop (non-zero-speed band-type brake) under slave mode this moment at machine room, record the temperature characteristic at brake wheel surface and brake shoe edge simultaneously.Elevator to different rated loads and speed parameter condition carries out repeated experiments, collects many group temperature rise data.
Under experimental program, equipment and the step of confirming by replication experiment; Research is when the various structures of towing machine and kinematic parameter change; For the influence of drg explosion-proof performance (being the drg temperature rise), in the hope of the rule that finds drg temperature rise and temperature rise rate of change to change with various factors.Research is mainly carried out in the middle of appearance ladder B.According to the experience in the middle of actual, the running velocity of size and elevator of load carrying ability, lock torque of choosing elevator is studied the influence of their variation for drg maximum temperaturerise and temperature rise rate of change as three major influence factors that influence the drg temperature rise.Regulate the speed of elevator and change the actual measurement weight (AMW) of elevator through the mode of frequency conversion, or change the size of braking force through the mode of regulating retarding spring length through the mode that in car, increases counterweight.So just can carry out the research property experiment under the multiple condition.Concrete parameter selected during the property studied experiment is as shown in the table, has carried out 9 groups of experiments altogether.
The step of research is basic identical with checking, and difference mainly is to influence the adjustment of key element.
Tentatively selected thermal infrared imager as main temperature measuring device.In order to obtain the temperature variations of elevator brake in whole stop process preferably; The thermal infrared imager that is used to test also should possess high as far as possible spatial resolution, can satisfy the compatible with environment requirements such as vibration at experiment scene except must guaranteeing spectral response range and enough fast sampling frequency.
This experiment not only will record the drg stop temperature characteristic of different parameters explosion-proof lift; And will be on the thermal map basis of being gathered; Major influence factors to explosion-proof lift drg temperature characteristic is analyzed; Therefore, thermal imaging system is except that hardware platform, and supporting software also must have the rich data post-processing function.
Adopt its parameters of VarioCAM hr 780HS high precision thermal infrared imager of German InfraTech company all to satisfy requirement of experiment.
| Spectral response range | 7.5～14μm | |
| Temperature measurement range | -40～1200 ℃, can extend to more than 2000 ℃ | |
| Temperature resolution | Be superior to 0.05K | |
| Survey precision | ± 1.5K (0～100 ℃), ± 2% (＜0 with＞100 ℃) | |
| Radiance | 0.1 adjustable between 1.0, stride 0.01 | |
| Detector | The micro-pattern of fever focus planardetector of non-refrigeration | |
| Optional lens focus | 12.5/30/50/75/130mm | |
| Infrared |
50/ | |
| Dynamic range | ||
| 16 | ||
| Service temperature | -15～50℃ | |
| Storing temperature | -40～70℃ | |
| Operation and storage | Relative humidity | 5% to 95%, nothing is condensed |
| Read-out | 3.5 " turning colored TFT read-out, available under the daylight | |
| View finder | Integrated high-resolution color TFT view finder, diopter is adjustable | |
| The operation degree of protection | IP54，IEC529 | |
| Impact resistance | 25G，IEC68-2-29 | |
| The operation aseismicity | 2G，IEC68-2-6 |
With supporting
software of this instrument; Except that onlinely controlling of can accomplishing thermal imaging system, data acquisition, infrared chart are browsed, are schemed library management and analyze; Function that temperature-time trend, line temperature trend map, histogram, image difference demonstration, pointwise or regional irradiance rate correction, measurement pattern truing tool and the image that also can carry out zone or point pieces, schemes that preface is built again together etc., can be easily to infrared data go deep into, Accurate Analysis and assessment.
Experiment is prepared:
(1) at first measure ambient temperature and humidity with Hygrothermograph, judge that site environment meets the experimental instrument and equipment requirement, then experiment is normally carried out;
(2) elevator carries out the several trail run before the test under no-load condition, till stable;
(3) take measures to guarantee tested elevator independent operation in the test process, interference-free.
Experimentation:
(1) adjustment fixes the thermal infrared imager position, is that target is focused with brake shoe and drg contact surface (rotating the brake shoe extreme direction of leaving away along braking), changes camera lens in case of necessity to guarantee the form and the depth of field;
(2) at first break off overload protection device, and the heap(ed) capacity of adjustment car counterweight (counterweight) is relatively more difficult as adopting counterweight to load to setting value, can adopt other loading forms;
(3) car walks to the top terminal landing level position; Guaranteeing does not have the passenger in the car, it is descending to bottom end station from top terminal landing to start elevator, treats that car walks to hoistway middle part (elevator reach command speed after); Open the thermal infrared imager real-time data acquisition, and start urgent stop operation after 2 seconds in time-delay;
(4) treating to stop fully continued record thermal image stopped after 2～3 seconds.
Thermal infrared imager is with after computing machine is connected through IEEE 1394 interfaces, comprise lens focus adjustment, thermographic image data collection and record startup, stop etc. operating and all can directly accomplish at computer terminal.For obtaining measurement effect as well as possible, we have attempted various field of view angle and focal length respectively before formally beginning, and contrast the sample effect under different visual fields degree and the burnt section.
Because receive the restriction of temperature collecting device function, only equipment is exposed to outside face and can measures its temperature.Though the highest temperature of whole brake system should appear at drg and brake shoe friction face place; But the surface does not contact with explosive atmosphere on every side here, therefore be exposed to explosive atmosphere on every side potential ignition source should be through rotate that rear brake exposes with the brake shoe friction face.Drg exposed surface highest temperature is relevant with hand of rotation, as shown in Figure 5, and the surface that has just disengaged is because the heat radiation time is short, and its temperature will be higher than other position.
For proving above hypothesis; Keeping under same load, the identical running velocity experiment condition; Carry out identical urgent stop operation and open record; Take entering face and disengaging face that brake wheel contacts with brake shoe respectively, the shooting effect (see figure 6) of overlooking in the brake wheel upper end respectively is all not as being positioned at the shooting effect of looking up (see figure 7) below the brake wheel, thus in the experiment of back all heat picture all to look up angle acquisition.
Replication experiment is according to friction speed and load combinations; Front and back have recorded 10 groups of actv. infrared heat view data altogether; Every group of data have all been carried out repeated test; Focal length when single acquisition time remaining 10 seconds (500 frame), heat picture are gathered is mainly the 30mm camera lens, under the relatively poor situation of indivedual shooting angle, is the 50mm camera lens; Influence the factor analysis experiment and successively gathered 9 groups of actv. thermal-image datas altogether, every group of data acquisition time continues 10 seconds (500 frame) equally, and all heat picture all adopts the collection of 30mm camera lens.
For estimating the repeatability of image data, in the process of replication experiment, the conformability of thermal map that thermal imaging system is gathered has been carried out field analysis relatively, the repeatability of data is better.After the repeated data that reject invalid data, have little significance, testing captured available heat image data file is 460, amounts to the about 7300MB of size.
The collection of InfraTech thermal infrared imager be the data file that comprises temperature information; These data files not only can be browsed the reproduction infrared chart through the supporting data processing software of instrument
intuitively; And various abundant measurement means (Fig. 8 for measure interface) are provided, and can derive the various data of the ASCII text (as shown in Figure 9) that comprises matrix form, image curve etc. neatly according to user's demand.
Shown in Figure 11 for command speed is that 0.25m/s, load are the experiment appearance ladder A of 10 tons of specifications, the sectional drawing in the thermal image sequence of the urgent stop replication experiment when overloading 125% downward operating condition, inferior high-temperature appears at the 57th frame, and temperature value is 41.12 ℃.Can see that from this width of cloth heat picture the high-temperature zone of this experiment ladder appears at the brake block below and leans on the brake wheel of edge.
Single-frame images only can reflect certain temperature traverse constantly intuitively, and the maximum temperature value of each frame with time chart sequence delivery curve, can be reflected the temperature rise process more compactly.Fig. 5 is that 1m/s, load are the experiment appearance ladder A of 1250kg specification for command speed, the maximum temperature value time chart sequence under the urgent stop replication experiment when overloading 125% downward operating condition.
Because the highest temperature point of each frame thermal map might not be to be in same position (can from heat picture, seeing more clearlyly in the replayed section at a slow speed); In order to reflect the temperature rise process in certain fixed cells territory better; In the thermal map that highest temperature takes place, choose the coordinate position that overlaps with highest temperature point as measurement point, obtain the temperature value time chart sequence of this attachment point.Figure 14 is that 1m/s, load are the experiment appearance ladder A of 1250kg specification for command speed, with the Chosen Point temperature-time chart sequence under the 125% downward operating condition experiment that overloads, like Figure 13, shown in 14.
Contrast Figure 13 and Figure 14 can find out; The stage that does not have occurrence temperature to change before the braking beginning; The every relatively frame highest temperature point of temperature of selected coordinate points has notable difference (temperature difference is about 2 ℃), but in position that the drg temperature rise begins the every frame highest temperature point in back the still position of relatively approaching selected position fixing point really.If this temperature sequence is carried out differentiate, can obtain the temperature traverse accelerator characteristic at this selected coordinate position place, shown in figure 15, can more clearly understand this regional temperature variation characteristic from Figure 15.
We find during to analysis of experimental data, and rubbing between brake block and brake wheel under most of situation all exists tangible irregularity, and performance is particularly evident in the data analysis of some replication experiment appearance ladder.Shown in Figure 20 for command speed be that 0.25m/s, load are the experiment appearance ladder A of 10 tons of specifications; The heat picture of the urgent stop replication experiment when overloading 125% downward operating condition; Can find out that from color chart its high-temperature zone appears at the brake block below and leans on the brake wheel of edge, and temperature contrast is very obvious.For further analyzing the local temperature distribution character of high-temperature area, can understand through exporting this regional line temperature figure, shown in figure 17.
In addition; We can observe the distribution situation in non-uniform temperature zone vividerly through three-dimension curved surface, and Figure 18 is the three-dimensional temperature profile of the brake wheel high-temperature area (being line temperature measurement shown in Figure 16 zone) of above-mentioned command speed 0.25m/s, 10 tons of terraced A of experiment appearance of load.
Through analysis to experimental result under the various operating modes; We have obtained the temperature rise correlation data (each concrete working condition experimenting result's post-processing is referring to appendix A) of 8 groups of replication experiments of following actv.; Measured temperature value is all in the range ability of setting (40～100 ℃); And the matching measurement of the radiance of brake wheel under original ambient temperature can be thought near 1.0; Therefore and air ambient is no abnormal in the terraced machine room also can think near 1.0 transmissivity because of testing, and can think that the error amount of the thermal infrared imager measured temperature data that this experiment is sampled should be not more than ± 2 ℃, is in the acceptable error limit.
Can find out from following table; Under the normal situation of setting up of lock torque; The measurement temperature rise of whole 8 groups of replication experiment gained all is lower than 30 ℃; Be not more than in ambient temperature under 40 ℃ the condition, the requirement of the explosion-proof temperature class of T4 commonly used can both be fully satisfied in the braking temperature rise of these experimental specimens when extreme operating condition---and maximum surface temperature is not more than 135 ℃ (ambient temperature-20～+ 40 ℃ time).
Annotate: in the table, experiment A5 is owing to brake block in experimentation fails to throw off fully, so the data temperature that causes experiment measuring to obtain is on the low side.
Passing through on the basis of 8 groups of replication experiments that carry out on the appearance ladder A; Fully proved: (1) this experimental procedure is a rational and effective; Can be used for carrying out the temperature rise experimental study of explosion-proof lift drg under urgent stop situation, experimental result also is genuine and believable; (2) requirement of the explosion-proof temperature class of present employed T4 under the design usage condition of explosion-proof lift, also is feasible.
Therefore, utilize same experimental program and experimental facilities, use the experiment parameter shown in the following table, from the purpose of the influence factor of studying the drg temperature rise, the property studied experiment on appearance ladder B, the observed data that measures at last is as shown in the table.
In last table, be the repeatability of confirmatory experiment, experiment B1, B2, B3 and B9 have respectively carried out twice repeated experiments, and the temperature rise result of twice measurement is similar basically, when carrying out analysis of Influential Factors, gets the aviation value of twice repeated measuring results.Verifying that on the repeatable basis of experiment, in order to reduce the intensity of experiment, experiment B4～B8 has only carried out experiment measuring one time.
Need to prove that in addition in experiment B9, because load is big and running velocity is too fast, then in the adjusting of carrying out lock torque, get at lock torque under the situation of minimum value, the hypodynamic situation of braking has appearred in towing machine.At this moment brake block can't be held driving main shaft tightly, and can only be at its surface sliding.This just makes under the brake temperature calibration reason condition that measures and has greatly improved.
Under the basic identical situation of other conditions, elevator speed is shown in figure 19 for the influence curve of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature conditions.In the selected parameter area of experiment, the increase that the highest temperature of drg is appreciated with elevator speed increases, and promptly the temperature that when stop, raises of the big more drg of the running velocity of elevator is also just big more.Further analysis can be known, in normal experiment parameter scope, presents linear relationship substantially between appreciation of the drg highest temperature and the running velocity.In a word, when the running velocity of elevator hanged down, the variation that the drg highest temperature is appreciated was also little, and the difference of temperature rise value is also little under the different loads, but when running velocity improved, the appreciation of the drg highest temperature can continue to increase.Therefore,,, answer strictness to limit its running velocity especially for the large-tonnage explosion-proof lift for explosion-proof lift, to avoid because the braking under the excessive velocities, and make the stop temperature of drg surpass around the ignition temperature of fire gases.
Under the basic identical situation of other conditions, elevator load is shown in figure 20 for the influence curve of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature conditions.As can be seen from the figure, elevator brake stop temperature rise value increases along with the increase of elevator load under two kinds of velocity conditions, and this mainly is to cause owing to the inertia of elevator increases.But, make the highest temperature appreciation of drg reach a certain height, the bigger load of elevator increase that need be more higher than running velocity for lower running velocity.Therefore, in the time of selecting higher elevator speed, load that must the restriction elevator because the excessive braking down of inertia, and makes the stop temperature of drg surpass the ignition temperature of fire gases on every side to avoid.This is consistent with before conclusion; Promptly an elevator is if will use in the occasion that requirement of explosion proof is arranged; Then its running velocity and rated load must be given strict restriction; Especially for the elevator of big load (command speed surpass 1500kg), the small raising of its running velocity just might cause the acute variation of drg temperature rise.
Under the basic identical situation of other conditions, elevator brake moment is shown in figure 21 for the influence curve of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature conditions, through the length of adjustment retarding spring, has used three kinds of different lock torques to realize the stop of elevator altogether.In this report, these three kinds of different lock torques are respectively with representing with M1, M2 and M3.Wherein, M1, M2 and M3 difference corresponding brake spring length 90mm, 92mm and 94mm.Relation between their value does,
M1＞M2＞M3
Need to prove that the value of lock torque must be carried out in the scope that towing machine safety allows in the test, promptly lock torque can not be too big and influence the normal operation of elevator, can not be too little and influence normal stop effect.Therefore, for lock torque M1, M2 and the M3 among this report, only corresponding with a certain length value of brake spring under similarity condition.The concrete value of M1, M2 and M3 maybe be with towing machine and drg different and different.
As can be seen from Figure 21, under two kinds of speed parameters of experiment, drg stop temperature rise value reduces along with the increase of lock torque.In the setting range that guarantees lift running safety, the influence that lock torque appreciates for the drg stop highest temperature is not very big but generally speaking.
The explosion-proof lift drg can cause that the part brake temperature rises, and has studied the situation of change of the temperature peak in the temperature-rise period under friction speed, different loads and different braking moment loading in last joint when urgent stop takes place.But the peak of temperature only can reflect the final effect of temperature rise, can't reflect the characteristic of temperature rise process.Therefore, this joint tries hard to study the situation of change of the urgent stop maximum temperaturerise of explosion-proof lift drg rate with various factors, in the hope of reflecting the explosion-proof performance of drg more all sidedly.
The definition of drg stop maximum temperaturerise rate is following:
Wherein, Δ temp is the maximum temperaturerise rate of drg when stop, temp
MaxBe the peak of temperature in drg stop process, temp
RoomBe ambient temperature on every side, promptly drg is at stop initial temperature before, time
1Be the time that drg begins to heat up, time
hReach the time of highest temperature for drg.The concrete definition of each variable is shown in figure 22.
Under the basic identical situation of other conditions; Elevator speed is shown in figure 23 for the influence curve of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise rate; Under three groups of load parameters in experiment, drg maximum temperaturerise rate of change is not to increase monotonously along with the increase of elevator speed or reduce.Can so explain this phenomenon: as running velocity hour (like 0.5m/s), though the drg temperature rise is not very high since the slow stop time of speed (be time
h-time
1) just shorter, so the rate of change of temperature rise is just on the contrary than higher; When running velocity is higher (like 1.75m/s), though the stop time (is time
h-time
1) longer relatively, but because temperature rise is higher, so the rate of change of temperature rise is just higher.
Under the basic identical situation of other conditions; Elevator load is shown in figure 24 for the influence curve of explosion-proof lift drg stop maximum temperaturerise rate; The temperature rise rate of change of drg reduces along with the increase of load; Promptly when the load of elevator is big, the temperature rise rate of drg is on the contrary than little at elevator load temperature rise rate hour.This mainly is because when load increased, the inertia of whole elevator increased thereupon, then under identical lock torque effect, needs the longer time that towing machine is stopped fully.Therefore, when load is big temperature rise higher, but because stop time lengthening, so just cause temperature rise rate to reduce on the contrary.Simultaneously, relatively three curves of friction speed can be known, running velocity is that the drg stop temperature rise rate of change of 1.0m/s is minimum.This phenomenon also with last joint in conclusion consistent.
Temperature when Figure 25 has shown the urgent stop of drg is curve over time, and when lock torque was not enough, the time of stop and temperature all were far longer than the emergency braking under the normal brake application moment situation.At this moment because braking time is long, the gravity work also increases greatly, and these merits also convert heat energy at last basically to, cause high temperature rise.
Therefore, for avoiding because of the not enough too high situation of brake temperature that causes of lock torque.Except will in the scope that guarantees safe enough, reasonably adjusting outside the lock torque of drg, also to avoid too high elevator speed and excessive load according to the configuring condition of elevator.
Claims (3)
1. an explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise method of inspection comprises thermal infrared imager, it is characterized in that described method is following:
(1) at first measures ambient temperature and humidity, judge that site environment meets the experimental instrument and equipment requirement with Hygrothermograph;
(2) elevator carries out the several trail run before the test under no-load condition, till stable;
(3) guarantee tested elevator independent operation in the test process, interference-free;
(4) adjustment fixes the thermal infrared imager position, and rotating the brake shoe extreme direction of leaving away with brake shoe and drg contact surface along braking is that target is focused, and changes camera lens to guarantee the form and the depth of field;
(5) break off overload protection device, and the heap(ed) capacity of adjustment car counterweight is to setting value;
(6) car walks to the top terminal landing level position, and guaranteeing does not have the passenger in the car, and it is descending to bottom end station from top terminal landing to start elevator; Treat that car walks to the hoistway middle part; After elevator reaches command speed, open the thermal infrared imager real-time data acquisition, and start urgent stop operation after 2 seconds in time-delay;
(7) keep under same load, the identical running velocity condition, carry out identical urgent stop operation and open record, take entering face and disengaging face that brake wheel contacts with brake shoe respectively;
(8) treating to stop fully continued record thermal image stopped after 2～3 seconds.
2. a kind of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise method of inspection as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that described thermal infrared imager is connected through IEEE 1394 interfaces with computing machine, the startup of lens focus adjustment, thermographic image data collection and record, stop etc. being operated and is directly accomplished at computer terminal.
3. a kind of explosion-proof lift drg stop temperature rise method of inspection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described thermal infrared imager adopts to look up angle acquisition.
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| CN105657428A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-08 | 成都国铁电气设备有限公司 | Infrared image compression method and system applied to contact network |
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