CN102461441A

CN102461441A - Shed erecting-free scaffold self-shaping technology for pears

Info

Publication number: CN102461441A
Application number: CN2010105416693A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王瑞金; 雷彩霞; 郭光智; 高翠芹; 赵玉梅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-11-07
Filing date: 2010-11-07
Publication date: 2012-05-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a shed erecting-free scaffold self-shaping technology for pears, which is designed for overcoming the defects of a Japanese horizontal scaffold cultivating technology for the pears. Due to the adoption of the technology of utilizing an integral corrugated structure of a pear garden formed by main branches of the pears, the capacity of resisting the wind damage of tree bodies is improved; the light interception area is increased and the output is improved; a great quantity of wood is saved; and the shed erecting-free scaffold self-shaping technology for the pears is convenient to manage. The main branches are bent in an arc shape and have mild growth vigour. Lower branch groups are easy to cultivate. The main branches are strong and have long service life.

Description

Pear tree is exempted from the frame canopy from the frame shaping technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of pear tree shaping technique, under the condition of no frame canopy, utilize pear tree self branch to accomplish the frame shaping specifically exactly.

Technical background

Pear tree is prone to come off because carpopodium self physilogical characteristics meet with wind and attack.The frame cultivation originates from the Japan of many typhoons.The record of pear tree frame cultivation was just arranged in A Yuan " the operatic circle is made and educates secret mirror " that too the husband showed in 1782.Its initial purpose of frame cultivation is in order to resist the shedding that typhoon causes, to find that in the course of cultivation frame cultivation tree body is short, be convenient to management, generally promote in Japan in the middle of last century, and the mid-90 promotes on China's Coastal Areas such as Jiangsu and other places.

The horizontal frame cultivation mode of the Japanese pear tree of present domestic popularization, have following defective: it was costly 1. to build the frame canopy, at every 667m in 2002 ²Need 4750 yuan of investments.2. tree-like cultivation difficulty, pruning is taken a lot of work.3. be prone to water sprout takes place, because the forfeiture of major branch apical dominance causes the major branch middle and lower part to sprout a large amount of water sprout.4. the metal grill that gathers makes inconvenient operation such as the branch bondage is fixed, flower thinning, fruit thinning.5. branches and leaves are along frame frame face horizontal distribution, and blade is crowded, and space availability ratio is low, and luminous energy intercepting and capturing rate is low, and yield level is lower.6. China removes the southeastern coastal areas, and other areas seldom receive typhoon influence, and Japanese frame cultivation is not suitable for the physioclimate characteristics in most areas, domestic continent.7. mostly Japanese frame cultivar is Chinese pear, and domestic be main with white pear cultivation, consumption.

Therefore from domestic natural climate condition, economic base, consumption habit and tree characteristics, need the pear tree frame shaping technique of new suitable national condition to occur.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to create a kind of pear tree frame of exempting from the frame canopy cultivates tree-like; Overcome the horizontal frame cultivation mode of Japanese pear tree frame canopy and build the expense height; Enlarge the pear tree space availability ratio, improve fruit output; Keep the end of the branch apical dominance, reduce the generation of major branch back water sprout, improve orchard convenient management degree, thereby provide a kind of economic, practical tree-like for pear tree produces.

As a kind of pear tree shaping technique of Nover practical, apply Chinese pear (comprising Japan and Korea S's pears kind) and northern white pear cultivation area at home.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this: at first cultivate the livings pear tree of 1-2 and sprout more than the 4 healthy and strong branches, and controlled the branch of prosperous growth, realize growing way equilibrium between branch through technical measures.Build winter pruning in 1 year behind the garden and keep long shoot that institute will be used to make up the frame canopy and get rid of to put and do not cut, the assurance branch reaches the needed length of frame canopy as early as possible.

Secondly, go to setting up a baseline along pear tree in the theatre 1 year autumn.Baseline is in the ranks central authorities, and height when high 200cm. baseline guarantees pear tree major branch frame canopy, crooked radian are consistent, play the effect of mould, and the pear tree treelet phase to the certain supporting role of major branch performance.

The 3rd, pear tree branch length during to certain-length bondage to baseline.Follow to, be strapped in the pear tree major branch that meets in direction of extension of the enough length in baseline both sides on the baseline, two major branches are strapped in together each other, form arcuate structure, whole theatre forms a corrugation type structure.

The cultivation of fruit bearing shoot group is to accomplish like this: because the pear tree major branch is strapped on the baseline, the major branch upper bend has to a certain degree changed the intensity of apical dominance, and branch bottom kryptoblast is sprouted more easily.Utilize certain technological means to impel resting bud to sprout healthy and strong middle long fruit branch at the position that needs cultivation results branch group, winter pruning is got rid of and is put, Cheng Huahou cutting back, cultivation results branch group.Keep more upright growth angle in the major branch end of the branch, guarantee the stronger growth potential in major branch end of the branch, produce transpiration pull, realize the healthy and strong growth of whole strain fruit tree.

Present technique is accomplished exempts from frame canopy pear tree frame culture technique, has saved a large amount of frame canopy materials.Owing to utilized the varicose power of pear tree branch self, the arcuate structure of formation bears the ability of the gravity of storm attack and the fruit of carrying own and significantly strengthens.The curved-surface structure of arc has enlarged the light-receiving area of pear tree, and both sides, the back of the body that fruit bearing shoot is distributed in major branch descend, and space availability ratio improves, and the operatic circle output obviously improves.Owing to adopt arcuate structure, to middle high, both sides are low along the pear tree row, and operation is convenient down for tree.Utilize pear tree self to make up the frame canopy, removed the obstruction of mesh wire from, in artificial flower thinning, fruit thinning, fruit harvesting, extermination of disease and insect pest operation, improved operating efficiency.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 for adopt in the embodiment of the invention pear tree exempt from the frame canopy from the frame shaping technique accomplish tree-like

Accompanying drawing 2 be accompanying drawing 1 front view (along pear tree row to)

Accompanying drawing 3 is the vertical view of accompanying drawing 1

Accompanying drawing 4 is that life in 1 year is tree-like after the pear tree field planting

Accompanying drawing 5 is that life in 2 years is tree-like after the pear tree field planting

Among the figure: the 1-trunk; The 2-major branch; The auxilliary branch of supporting of 3-; The 4-baseline; 5-fruit bearing shoot group; 6-baseline hack lever; The grappling of 7-baseline; 8,9-stretches the major branch that meets; 10-major branch end of the branch.

Embodiment

Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3; Adopt pear tree to exempt from the frame canopy from the frame shaping technique; Utilize the major branch of the pear tree in the adjacent lines to constitute arcuate structure, whole theatre constitutes corrugation shape structure, and the ability of carrying fruit tree branch, fruit gravity and resist natural disasters (mainly being windburn) is strengthened.Owing to utilize the tree own major branch of body (2) to constitute scaffolding structure, saved the high expense that Japanese horizontal frame is built.

This technology is accomplished pear tree tree body from the frame shaping through 5 steps once:

1, treelet is cultivated.Like Fig. 4, field planting is spring then, and pears seedling trunk (1) is cut and stayed high 60-80cm, and every strain pear tree is cultivated 4 major branches (2), and major branch (2) keeps mutual growing way equilibrium through technical measures.1 year the winter pruning major branch (2) get rid of and put, cutting back not.1 year autumn, most major branches reached the length of bondage to baseline.

2, set up baseline (4).Along pear tree in the ranks medium line bury baseline hack lever (6) underground, baseline hack lever (6) is a 250cm X10cm X6cm cement pole, buried depth 50cm, overground part 200cm.Place baseline (4) at baseline hack lever (6) top, two ends are fixing with cement block grappling (7), and baseline (4) is a steel wire.

3, major branch (2) bondage is to baseline (4).Meet major branch (8,9) bondage to stretching in the space of pear tree adjacent lines to baseline (4) 1 year autumn, and two major branches that meet (8,9) are strapped in together each other.The effect of baseline (4) mainly is to guarantee that the arcuate structure height of major branch (2) formation is consistent neat, and play certain supporting role to pear tree major branch (2) early stage of this external pear tree growth.

4, the cultivation of fruit bearing shoot group (5).Since pear tree growth the 1st year, the 2nd year major branch (2) get rid of and put pruning; The branch that sprout major branch (2) bottom is less, can not satisfy the production needs, the 3rd year spring; After major branch (2) bondage is gone up to baseline (4); Need need the position of cultivation results branch group (4) to carve bud in major branch (2) both sides, middle and lower part, impel major branch (2) kryptoblast to sprout, utilize get rid of put, technology such as cutting back cultivates big-and-middle-sized fruit bearing shoot group (5).

5, major branch end of the branch (10) keep 60 ° spreading angle, keep the stronger growth potential of major branch.

The present invention has tangible technical advantage in sum.Technology meets the arc mechanics principle, utilizes the pear tree major branch to constitute several arcuate structures, and whole theatre forms corrugation shape structure, compares with the Japanese horizontal frame of extensive use during current pear tree produces, and outstanding behaviours is aspect following 5: 1, saved the frame material.2, corrugation shape structure has stable mechanical structure, has strengthened the ability of resisting natural calamities such as windburn.3, major branch is suitably crooked, has weakened the major branch apical dominance on the one hand, helps major branch lower junction fruit branch group and cultivates and keep the healthy and strong growth of fruit bearing shoot group; The major branch top keeps higher position and upright angle on the other hand, is beneficial to whole major branch and keeps stronger vitality, and suppress the bottom kryptoblast and sprout water sprout.4, arcuate structure does not in the ranks have horizontal frame wire netting to hinder, and bookkeeping is convenient.5, this technology is not only applicable to Chinese pear (Japan and Korea S's pears), more is applicable to multiple pear tree seeds such as Chinese white pear, European pear.Being adapted at domestic all pears producing regions applies.

Therefore, this technology has overcome the horizontal frame of pear tree Japan and has cultivated main economic technology defective, is adapted at pear tree under domestic natural, economy, the social condition and applies in producing.

Claims

Pear tree to exempt from the frame canopy be to utilize the major branch of pear tree self (2) to construct some arcuate structures from the frame shaping technique, whole theatre forms corrugation shape structure.
2. according to claim 1, adopt pear tree to exempt from tree-like being characterised in that of pear tree that the frame canopy is accomplished from the frame shaping technique: pear tree major branch (2) major branch (8,9) that stretching, extension is met in the space is strapped on the baseline (4) in the pear tree adjacent lines, forms arcuate structure.
3. according to claim 1, adopting pear tree to exempt from the frame canopy is characterised in that from the pear tree tree-like " integral body " of frame shaping technique completion: whole theatre is a corrugation shape structure.
4. of claim 2, stretch the major branch (8,9) that meets in the space and be strapped in together each other at the baseline place of meeting.
5. of claim 2, major branch end of the branch (10) keep 60 ° inclination angle.