CN102454481B - 包括二氧化碳收集***的联合循环动力装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括二氧化碳收集***的联合循环动力装置。一种联合循环动力装置包括包含压缩机入口和压缩机出口的压缩机区段,以及操作性地连接到压缩机区段上的涡轮区段。涡轮区段包括涡轮入口和涡轮出口。热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)流体地连接到涡轮出口上。燃烧器包括首端和燃烧器排出口。首端流体地连接到压缩机出口上,而燃烧器排出口流体地连接到涡轮入口上。二氧化碳收集***流体地连接到压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的一个上。二氧化碳收集***构造成和设置成从传送自压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的该一个的基本无氧气的流体流中抽取包含二氧化碳的第一流体和第二流体。
Description
技术领域
本文中公开的主题涉及联合循环动力装置,并且更具体而言,涉及包括二氧化碳收集***的联合循环动力装置。
背景技术
在联合循环动力装置(CCPP)中,燃气涡轮机驱动产生电力的发电机。来自燃气涡轮机的废热用来在热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)中产生蒸汽,蒸汽又通过蒸汽涡轮机来用于产生额外的电力。更具体而言,联合循环的特征在于采用不止一个热动力循环的动力产生发动机或装置。诸如燃气涡轮机的热发动机仅能够使用它们的燃料所产生的能量的一部分(通常少于50%)。燃烧产生的任何剩余的热(例如热的排烟)一般被浪费。联合两个或更多个“循环”(例如布雷敦循环(气体)和朗肯循环(蒸汽))会产生改进的输出效率。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面,一种联合循环动力装置包括包含压缩机入口和压缩机出口的压缩机区段,以及操作性地连接到压缩机区段上的涡轮区段。涡轮区段包括涡轮入口和涡轮出口。热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)流体地连接到涡轮出口上。燃烧器包括首端和燃烧器排出口。首端流体地连接到压缩机出口上,而燃烧器排出口流体地连接到涡轮入口上。二氧化碳收集***流体地连接到压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的至少一个上。二氧化碳收集***构造成和设置成从传送自压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的该至少一个的基本无氧气的流体流中抽取包含二氧化碳的第一流体和第二流体。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种运行联合循环动力装置的方法包括:将流体流传送通过压缩机区段以形成压缩流体流,将来自压缩机出口的压缩流体流引导到燃烧器的首端,将形成于燃烧器中的燃烧气体引导到涡轮区段的入口,将来自涡轮区段的出口的排气排到热回收蒸汽发生器,将来自压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的一个的压缩流体流的基本无氧气的部分传送到二氧化碳收集***,以及从压缩空气流的基本无氧气的部分中抽取包含二氧化碳的第一流体以及第二流体。
根据本发明的又一方面,一种涡轮机***包括具有压缩机入口和压缩机出口的压缩机区段,以及操作性地连接到压缩机区段上的涡轮区段。涡轮区段包括涡轮入口和涡轮出口。燃烧器包括首端和燃烧器排出口。首端流体地连接到压缩机出口上,而燃烧器排出口流体地连接到涡轮入口上。二氧化碳收集***流体地连接到压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的至少一个上,二氧化碳收集***构造成和设置成从传送自压缩机出口和燃烧器的首端中的该至少一个的基本无氧气的流体流中抽取包含二氧化碳的第一流体和第二流体。
根据结合附图得到的以下描述,这些和其它优点和特征将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
在说明书的结论处的权利要求中特别地指出和清楚地要求保护看作本发明的主题。根据结合附图获得的以下详细描述,本发明的前述和其它特征和优点是显而易见的,其中:
图1是示出了根据一个示例性实施例的包括二氧化碳收集***的联合循环动力装置的方框图;以及
图2是示出了根据该示例性实施例的一方面的包括二氧化碳收集***的联合循环动力装置的方框图。
以参照附图的实例的方式,详细描述阐述了本发明的实施例,以及优点和特征。
部件列表:
2联合循环动力装置
4燃气涡轮机***
6蒸汽涡轮机***
10热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)
12发电机
20压缩机区段
21压缩机入口
22压缩机出口
28涡轮区段
29涡轮入口
30涡轮出口
32、60、62轴
34、35燃烧器
37、38首端(34)(35)
40、41燃烧器排出口(34)(35)
45排气再循环***(EGR)
54第一蒸汽压缩机区段
55第二蒸汽压缩机区段
57蒸汽涡轮区段
70、120碳收集/分离***
74热交换部件
80、83、84、85、125压缩部件
90节流阀/控制阀
94喷出阀/涡轮旁通阀
129冷却器
133再生器
137膨胀部件
具体实施方式
根据一个示例性实施例,图1中所示的联合循环动力装置(CCPP)2可在化学计量式状况下或在化学计量式状况附近运行。在化学计量式状况下的运行应当理解为指以刚好足够的氧化剂(例如氧气)来运行燃烧过程,以促进完全燃烧。燃烧是燃烧烃(燃料流)与氧气而产生二氧化碳和水的过程。完全燃烧定义为二氧化碳和水是烃与氧气燃烧所产生的仅有的副产物。存在影响是否发生完全燃烧的许多因素,例如在燃料分子附近的氧气的可用性、是否存在任何干扰,例如振动、动态事件、冲击波等。为了促进形成二氧化碳而非形成一氧化碳,比通常所需的氧气更多的氧气被供给到燃料流中,以促进完全燃烧反应。
CCPP2包括通过热回收蒸汽发生器(HRSG)10来操作性地连接到蒸汽涡轮机***6上的燃气涡轮机***4。HRSG10包括具有喷出通气孔12的排气部分11。燃气涡轮机4还操作性地联接到场外压缩机14上且操作性地联接到发电机15上。蒸汽涡轮机***6联接到发电机16上。燃气涡轮机***4包括具有压缩机入口21和压缩机出口22的压缩机区段20。压缩机入口21接收来自压缩机14的加压空气流。压缩机区段20进一步压缩传送到压缩机入口21中的加压空气流,并且通过压缩机出口22来排出压缩流体流。燃气涡轮机***4还包括涡轮区段28,涡轮区段28具有接收压缩流体流的一部分来进行冷却和密封的涡轮入口29和涡轮出口30。压缩机区段20通过轴32来操作性地连接到涡轮区段28上。压缩机区段20还通过二次流***33来流体地连接到涡轮区段28上,二次流***33通过多个燃烧器而对涡轮区段28提供额外的冷却,在34和35处指示了该多个燃烧器中的两个。在所示的示例性实施例中,燃烧器34接收来自流体地连接到压缩机14上的辅助压缩机36的加压空气流。各个燃烧器34、35包括接收来自20的压缩流体流的另一部分的对应的首端37和38,以及将燃烧气体传送到涡轮区段28的对应的燃烧器排出口40和41。CCPP2还被显示为包括排气再循环(EGR)回路43,其将EGR***45流体地连接在HRSG10和压缩机入口21之间。EGR***45使来自HRSG10的排气循环回到压缩机区段20,以促进更完全的燃烧。如图1中进一步显示的那样,蒸汽涡轮机***6包括操作性地连接到第二蒸汽涡轮区段55上的第一蒸汽涡轮区段54。第一蒸汽涡轮区段54和第二蒸汽涡轮区段55通过第一轴60来操作性地连接到蒸汽涡轮区段57上。当然,应当理解,蒸汽涡轮区段57还可直接连接到第二蒸汽涡轮区段55上。蒸汽涡轮区段57还可包括双流区段。第二轴62操作性地连接蒸汽涡轮区段57与发电机12。
进一步根据该示例性实施例,CCPP2包括通过管道72来操作性地连接到燃气涡轮机***4上的二氧化碳收集***70。热交换部件74布置在燃气涡轮机***4和二氧化碳收集***70之间的管道72中。热交换部件74包括与任何剩余的一氧化碳和氧气反应的CO催化器75,以进一步使O2水平降低到微量。这样,基本无氧气的流体流离开热交换部件74且传送到二氧化碳收集***70。热交换部件74还移除在传送到二氧化碳收集***70的基本无氧气的流体流内携带的热的一部分。根据该示例性实施例的一方面,热交换部件74将基本无氧气的流体流的温度降低到约220°F(104.4℃)。
根据该示例性实施例的一方面,压缩机入口21吸入的流体是排气和空气的混合物,抽取物中的氧气减少到少于18%的质量分数的氧气。根据该示例性实施例的另一方面,压缩机入口21相对于大气而关闭,并且100%的排气被传送通过压缩机区段20。对于此布置,二次流***33仅通过在压缩机区段20的周围的二次流回路(未显示)来将排气(其基本无氧气)运送到涡轮区段28。将二次流***33与环境隔离开确保了氧气仅经由场外压缩机14和辅助压缩机36通过燃烧器34和35的首端37和38而进入涡轮区段28。对于具有几乎完全的燃烧的情况,通过延伸压缩机区段20和抽取到二氧化碳收集***70,涡轮区段28与氧气隔离开。根据该示例性实施例的这方面,氧气在抽取物中以少于2%的体积存在。进一步根据该示例性方面,排气保持在氧气与一氧化碳的1∶2的比率处。这样,通过包括在热交换部件(74)中的CO催化器75,氧气降低到甚至更低的水平。
二氧化碳收集***70从传送通过燃气涡轮机***4的流体流的一部分中分离出包含二氧化碳(CO2)的第一流体流和包含氮气(N2)、氩气(Ar)以及最初携带在基本无氧气的流体流中的各种其它组分的第二流体流。根据该示例性实施例的一方面,从燃烧器34和35的各个首端37、38中抽取基本无氧气的流体流。根据该示例性实施例的另一方面,在压缩机出口22处或在压缩机出口22附近抽取流体流。不管抽取位置如何,CO2从二氧化碳收集***70传送通过可包括中间冷却的压缩部件80,以形成压缩CO2。压缩CO2可用于油抽取过程、饮料碳酸化或使用压缩CO2的任何其它过程中。N2、Ar和各种其它组分被传送通过一系列的压缩部件83-85。压缩部件83-85提供了多个压缩步骤,该多个压缩步骤被用来例如通过使用中间冷却来在压缩机85的出口处产生N2、Ar和各种其它组分的期望温度。
二氧化碳收集***70通过定位在热交换部件74的上游的节流和控制阀90来流体地连接到燃气涡轮机***4上。节流和控制阀90选择性地定位在打开位置和关闭位置之间,以将来自燃气涡轮机***4的流体流输送到二氧化碳收集***70。在二氧化碳收集***变得阻塞或阀90关闭的情况下,CCPP2包括诸如喷出阀92和涡轮旁通阀94的阀。涡轮旁通阀94流体地连接到旁通管道100上,旁通管道100在节流和控制阀90的上游的管道72和HRSG10之间延伸。绕过涡轮区段28确保了流体流不对完全燃烧提供负面影响以及因此使CCPP2偏离化学计量式运行。对于此布置,在控制阀90和/或涡轮旁通阀94失效的情况下,喷出阀92会打开,以防止二氧化碳抽取***70变得过压而对压缩机区段20导致浪涌。如果涡轮旁通阀94打开而控制阀90关闭,例如燃气涡轮机4以100%的排气流运行,则流体地连接到HRSG10的排气部分11上的喷出通气孔12将打开,以防止在EGR回路43内有任何过压状况。
现在将对图2作出参照,其中,在描述根据该示例性实施例的一方面的二氧化碳收集***120时,相同的参考标号在相应的视图中表示对应的部件。二氧化碳收集***120包括流体地连接到冷却器129上的压缩部件125,冷却器129进一步降低传送自燃气涡轮机***4的流体流的温度。冷却器129流体地连接到使流体的温度降低到约25°F(-3.89℃)和约-153°F(-102.78℃)之间的再生器或再生式热交换器133上。再生器133将流体排到膨胀部件137中,这进一步将流体的温度降低到大约-200°F(-128.89℃),在该点处,流体分离成两种流,非气态的CO2流和气态的N2/Ar流。该两种分开的流体流(不分开来标记)返回到再生器133,以被通过再生器133而从冷却器129通往膨胀部件137的流加热。在这点处,再生器133将流体作为包含CO2气体流和可能具有各种其它组分的N2/Ar气体流的两种分开的气体流而排出。CO2气体流传送到压缩部件80,而N2/Ar气体流传送通过压缩部件83-85,在压缩部件83-85中可采用或可不采用中间冷却。
对于此布置,根据该示例性实施例的CCPP不仅依靠化学计量式运行来产生较低的排气排放,而且还提供了可在各种工业中使用的压缩CO2和N2/Ar气体流。在油收集的情况下,CCPP将提供油抽取所必需的任何压缩CO2和N2。因而,CCPP不仅提供油田所必需的动力,而且还消除了对额外的CO2和N2收集和/或存储的需要。
虽然结合了仅有限数量的实施例来详细地描述本发明,但是应当容易地理解,本发明不限于这样的公开的实施例。相反,可修改本发明,以结合前文未描述的但与本发明的精神和范围相当的任何数量的变型、改变、替代或等效布置。另外,虽然描述了本发明的多个实施例,但是应当理解,本发明的各方面可包括所描述的实施例中的仅一些。因此,本发明不应当看作由前面的描述所限制,而是仅由所附权利要求的范围限制。
Claims (7)
1.一种联合循环动力装置,包括:
包括压缩机入口和压缩机出口的压缩机区段;
操作性地连接到所述压缩机区段上的涡轮区段,所述涡轮区段包括涡轮入口和涡轮出口;
流体地连接到所述涡轮出口上的热回收蒸汽发生器;
包括首端和燃烧器排出口的燃烧器,所述首端流体地连接到所述压缩机出口上,而所述燃烧器排出口流体地连接到所述涡轮入口上;以及
流体地连接到所述压缩机出口和所述燃烧器的首端中的至少一个上的二氧化碳收集***,所述二氧化碳收集***构造成和设置成从传送自所述压缩机出口和所述燃烧器的首端中的所述至少一个的基本无氧气的流体流中抽取包含二氧化碳的第一流体和第二流体;
二次流***,其流体地将所述压缩机区段与所述涡轮区段直接连接,所述二次流***将基本无氧气的冷却流体从所述压缩机区段运送到所述涡轮区段;
流体地联接在所述压缩机出口和所述燃烧器的首端中的所述至少一个和所述二氧化碳收集***之间的热交换部件;
流体地连接在所述压缩机出口和所述燃烧器的首端中的所述至少一个和所述热交换部件之间的节流和控制阀;
流体地连接到所述热回收蒸汽发生器上的涡轮旁通阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体包含氮气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述二氧化碳收集***包括流体地连接到膨胀部件上的压缩部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述联合循环动力装置进一步包括:流体地连接在所述涡轮旁通阀与所述压缩机出口和所述燃烧器的首端中的所述至少一个之间的喷出阀。
5.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述联合循环动力装置进一步包括:布置在所述热回收蒸汽发生器的排气部分处的喷出通气孔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述二氧化碳收集***流体地连接到所述燃烧器的首端上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的联合循环动力装置,其特征在于,所述联合循环动力装置进一步包括:流体地连接在所述热回收蒸汽发生器和所述压缩机入口之间的排气再循环***。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5868113B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
US20120096870A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
DE102011054653A1 (de) | 2012-05-16 |
CN102454481A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
FR2966511B1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 |
JP2012092833A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
FR2966511A1 (fr) | 2012-04-27 |
US8726628B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
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