CN109372499B - Geological reservoir radial flow simulation system - Google Patents
Geological reservoir radial flow simulation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109372499B CN109372499B CN201811301949.XA CN201811301949A CN109372499B CN 109372499 B CN109372499 B CN 109372499B CN 201811301949 A CN201811301949 A CN 201811301949A CN 109372499 B CN109372499 B CN 109372499B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a geological reservoir radial flow simulation system, which comprises: a radial simulation cavity with a cylindrical cavity; a hollow simulated wellbore for simulating a production well and inserted into the cylindrical cavity; a bladder type overburden loading sheath for simulating formation overburden applied to the porous medium; the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit is used for respectively injecting gas and liquid into the cylindrical cavity; a metering device for connecting the wellbore to receive and meter the discharged hydrate; a parameter measurement system for measuring data of the porous medium in different simulation experiments; and the data acquisition processing unit is used for realizing data acquisition, analysis and result output for different experimental processes while controlling the experimental processes. The invention quantitatively injects gas and liquid in proportion to form hydrate, can simulate the synthesis process of hydrate under stratum, simulate the decomposition of hydrate by reducing pressure or heating, and simulate the displacement condition of sand layer after the exploitation of hydrate under the condition of overburden by applying certain overburden pressure to the sand layer after the decomposition of hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geology, in particular to a radial seepage model system under a stratum overburden condition after simulated stratum hydrate decomposition.
Background
Since this century, it was recognized worldwide that natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source that replaces conventional fossil fuels. It has been found that hydrate reservoirs over 200 worldwide, with current trends in energy consumption, only 15% of the hydrates are available for use worldwide for 200 years. However, the stable warm-pressing conditions formed by the mining method determine the specificity of the mining mode, and the influence on the environment in the mining process is still to be further evaluated. Thus, most of the current research on hydrate production is in the phase of laboratory physical simulation and numerical simulation, except for single well or single well group trial production in a small number of countries and regions.
In order to develop and utilize the energy with huge reserves, researchers propose a plurality of methods:
(1) heat injection method: heating the hydrate above equilibrium temperature with injection of hot water, steam or hot brine to decompose;
(2) depressurization method: reducing the pressure of the hydrate reservoir below the equilibrium breakdown pressure;
(3) chemical agent method: chemical agents such as methanol or ethylene glycol are injected to alter the equilibrium formation conditions of the hydrates.
At present, the research of researching the thermodynamic method for exploiting methane hydrate at home and abroad is limited to the simulation of a one-dimensional long core holder and a two-dimensional vertical well. However, the hydrate development is the same as the conventional oil gas, and is a process that the pressure of the three-dimensional seepage field is continuously reduced. In order to more truly and effectively understand and master important sensitive parameters affecting trial production, such as synthesis and decomposition of the hydrate, different development modes in the exploitation process, reservoir physical properties, temperature, pressure, yield change rules and the like under different development well group conditions, a multifunctional three-dimensional hydrate exploitation experimental simulation is needed to comprehensively study the generation and decomposition behaviors of the hydrate on a three-dimensional scale. The development simulation experiment device capable of comprehensively processing the set of natural gas hydrate is lacking in the field of development at present, so that the mechanism of synthesizing and decomposing the natural gas hydrate is researched indoors for drilling cores in the frozen soil area of China, and the support in the aspect of physical simulation is provided for grasping important sensitive parameters affecting the test production, such as reservoir physical properties, temperature, pressure, yield change rules and the like under different development modes and different development well group conditions in the test production process of the land hydrate.
Disclosure of Invention
In particular, the invention provides a radial seepage model system under the formation overburden condition after simulated formation hydrate decomposition.
Specifically, the invention provides a geological reservoir radial flow simulation system, which comprises:
the radial simulation cavity comprises a cylindrical cavity with openings at two ends for filling a muddy silt porous medium in a submarine hydrate reservoir, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate which are respectively fixed and sealed with the openings at two ends of the cylindrical cavity through bolts, an extrusion table which protrudes out and has the same inner diameter as the cylindrical cavity is arranged on one surface of the lower cover plate, which is contacted with the cylindrical cavity, and a through hole is formed in the center of the upper cover plate;
a hollow simulated wellbore for simulating a production well, comprising a wellbore inserted into the cylindrical cavity from the through hole, a spring gland for restricting the wellbore at the upper cover plate; the spring gland comprises a pipe body with one end being an open end and the other end being a closed end, the pipe body is sleeved at one end of the shaft extending out of the cylindrical cavity by the open end and then is fixed on the upper cover plate by a bolt, the closed end of the pipe body is provided with a through hole for the shaft to extend out, a spring sleeved outside the shaft is arranged in the pipe body, and an adjusting nut screwed on the shaft through threads is arranged in the pipe body and adjusts the elastic force of the spring by the relative position of the adjusting nut and the closed end;
The capsule type pressure-covering loading sleeve is used for simulating stratum pressure applied to a porous medium and comprises a rubber sleeve with one closed end, a pressing ring and a centering ring for improving the sealing performance of the rubber sleeve, and a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement of the rubber sleeve; the rubber sleeve is screwed on the extrusion table of the lower cover plate through threads, a closed space is formed between the rubber sleeve and the lower cover plate, and the displacement sensor penetrates through the lower cover plate and then stretches into the closed space;
the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit comprises a liquid supply device and an air supply device which are connected in parallel and then connected with the cylindrical cavity, and is used for respectively injecting gas and liquid into the cylindrical cavity to form hydrate or simulating seepage conditions under the stratum overburden condition by injecting liquid or gas after the hydrate is decomposed;
a metering device for connecting the well bore to receive and meter the discharged hydrate, comprising a solid-liquid separation device for separating and metering the liquid and a gas-liquid separation device for separating and metering the gas;
the parameter measurement system is used for measuring data of the porous medium in different simulation experiments and comprises a bag-type pressure measuring device for measuring pressure, a temperature sensor for measuring temperature and an electrode for measuring resistance, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in an upper cover plate;
The data acquisition processing unit comprises a control system with data processing software, and realizes data acquisition, analysis and result output for different experimental processes while controlling the experimental processes.
In one embodiment of the invention, a fixing piece for sealing the connecting joint between the shaft and the upper cover plate is further arranged in the spring gland, the fixing piece comprises a pressing sleeve sleeved outside the shaft and fixed by bolts, and a sealing ring arranged in the connecting joint, and the sealing ring is extruded and sealed after the fixing piece is fixed.
In one embodiment of the invention, a confining pressure injection hole which is respectively communicated with the space for adding the porous medium and the closed space of the bag type coating pressure loading sleeve is arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical cavity; a filter for isolating sediment is arranged between the confining pressure injection hole and the porous medium.
In one embodiment of the invention, a sand control screen is provided on the outer circumference of the wellbore to isolate the ingress of porous media; and ceramsite permeation layers for dispersing liquid permeation paths are respectively arranged at the inner circumference of the cylindrical cavity and the outer circumference of the shaft.
In one embodiment of the invention, the liquid supply device comprises a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump which realizes single-cylinder independent operation, double-cylinder independent operation and double-cylinder linkage operation through two cylinders, and a pressure regulating piston arranged between the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump and the cylindrical cavity;
The pressure regulating piston comprises a hollow container with two open ends, an upper cover and a lower cover are screwed at two ends of the hollow container respectively through external threads, sealing plugs are respectively arranged in two ports of the hollow container, a connecting table protruding outwards is arranged on one surface of the sealing plugs, which is far away from the hollow container, through holes for the connecting table to pass through are formed in the upper cover and the lower cover, and axial through holes are formed in the connecting table; a baffle plate which can move along the axial direction and isolate the interior of the hollow container into two independent cavities is arranged in the hollow container; one cavity is communicated with the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, the other cavity is communicated with the cylindrical cavity, the cavity communicated with the radial simulation cavity is filled with solution meeting the generation of hydrate, and the solution is injected into the cylindrical cavity under the pushing of distilled water or kerosene in the other cavity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device includes an air compressor for generating pressure gas, a gas booster pump for boosting the gas generated by the air compressor, a low-pressure storage tank for storing the low-pressure gas after the boosting, a high-pressure storage tank for storing the high-pressure gas after the boosting, a pressure regulating valve for selecting the low-pressure storage tank or the high-pressure storage tank to input a specified pressure into the cylindrical cavity according to experimental requirements, and a flow controller for controlling the output flow of a single gas and controlling the flow of a mixed gas and liquid; the gas circuit in front of the pressure regulating valve is provided with a gas wetting device which is a pressure-resistant container filled with liquid.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit further comprises a flow controller capable of automatically adjusting gas and liquid input amounts, wherein the flow controller comprises a regulating gas tank for outputting gas and a regulating liquid tank for outputting liquid, which are connected in parallel, a control valve for controlling the gas and liquid amounts output from the regulating gas tank and the regulating liquid tank to the cylinder cavity, a storage tank for respectively providing gas and liquid for the regulating gas tank and the regulating liquid tank, a pressure pump for providing pressure, a sensor for detecting pressure, and a PLC unit for controlling the operation of each component;
the interior of the regulating air tank is partitioned into an air chamber A and a liquid chamber A by a sliding piston, the interior of the regulating liquid tank is partitioned into an air chamber B and a liquid chamber B by a sliding piston, and the air chamber A and the liquid chamber A are respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve in parallel through pipelines; the air chamber B and the liquid chamber B are respectively connected with the pressure pump in parallel through pipelines, the sensor obtains the pressure at each position and outputs the pressure to the PLC unit, and the PLC unit adjusts the pressure regulating valve according to the change of the pressure value in the cylindrical cavity so as to keep the gas and the liquid which are input into the cylindrical cavity stable.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pressure regulating valve comprises a valve body, a valve cover fixed on the valve body through bolts, a penetrating funnel-shaped piston cavity with a large end and a small end and a large opening end close to the valve body are arranged in the valve cover, funnel-shaped pistons with the same shape are arranged in the piston cavities, coaxial double through channels are arranged on the axes of the pistons, a valve cap with channels is arranged at the outlet of the small end of the piston cavity of the valve cover, a sealing ring corresponding to the outlet of the double through channels of the pistons is movably arranged in the channels of the valve cap, a pressure channel communicated with the channels for pressing the sealing ring is arranged on the side edge of the valve cap, an overflow channel communicated with the piston cavity is arranged on the valve cover, a containing cavity communicated with the regulating gas tank and the regulating liquid tank respectively is arranged at the position of the valve body opposite to the piston cavity, the opening diameter of the containing cavity is smaller than that of the adjacent piston ends, a pressing block for movably sealing the opening ends is arranged in the containing cavity, and a sealing piece is arranged on the side opposite to the containing cavity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the control valve comprises a valve body, a valve rod and a manual screw rod, wherein an infusion channel and a valve rod mounting groove communicated with the infusion channel are arranged in the valve body, the valve rod is cylindrical, one end of the manual screw rod is provided with a radially protruding convex ring, one end of the manual screw rod is screwed in the opening end of the valve rod mounting groove through threads, the end of the manual screw rod is provided with a groove for movably clamping the valve rod convex ring, the convex ring of the valve rod is clamped in the groove, the other end of the convex ring is positioned in the infusion channel and can completely seal the infusion channel, and a sealing ring is sleeved on the valve rod and has an outer diameter larger than that of the groove;
the infusion channel comprises a liquid inlet channel and a liquid outlet channel which are parallel to each other, and a closed channel which is vertically connected with one end of the liquid inlet channel and one end of the liquid outlet channel, and the valve rod is inserted into the closed channel.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the structure for movably clamping the convex ring is as follows: a mounting sleeve is screwed in the groove through threads, an accommodating groove corresponding to one end of the valve rod convex ring is formed in the mounting sleeve, and a bayonet for laterally clamping one end of the convex ring is formed in the circumference of the mounting sleeve; or (b)
The side of the groove is provided with a bayonet corresponding to one end of the valve rod convex ring in shape and a closing block connected with the bayonet through a bolt to close the bayonet.
In one embodiment of the invention, the parameter measurement system further comprises a fixing seat for fixing the measurement component, a limiting sheet and an anti-falling sleeve, wherein the fixing seat is fixed in the through hole in a sealing way, a central channel is arranged in the fixing seat, the limiting sheet is a flexible or metal disc and is provided with a plurality of axial through jacks, the limiting sheet is horizontally arranged in the central channel of the fixing seat after being combined, the anti-falling sleeve is screwed on the outer opening end of the central channel through external threads, and the front end of the limiting sheet is propped against the limiting sheet; the capsule-type pressure measurer comprises a cylindrical cavity, a fixing seat, a sealing piece, a capsule-type pressure measurer, a temperature sensor, an electrode, a through hole, a limiting hole, a fixing bolt, a sealing piece, a signal cable loosening prevention bolt, a limiting hole and a fixing bolt.
In one embodiment of the invention, the bag-type pressure gauge comprises a pressure measuring pipe, a pressure guiding pipe sleeved outside the pressure measuring pipe, a bag-type isolation sleeve positioned at the end part of the pressure guiding pipe and used for sealing and accommodating the end part of the pressure measuring pipe, and an injection device for injecting antifreezing fluid into the pressure guiding pipe; the outer surface of the end part of the pressure guiding pipe is provided with a plurality of radial convex rings, the bag-type isolation sleeve is a flexible sleeve with one end open, the inner surface of the open end is provided with a concave ring corresponding to the convex rings, and the bag-type isolation sleeve is connected with the convex rings on the pressure guiding pipe after being clamped by the concave ring, so that a protection space for containing antifreeze is formed inside.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the bladder-type pressure gauge, the temperature sensor and the electrode are sequentially distributed along the gas-liquid flow direction in the cylindrical cavity; one of the through holes is provided with a bag-type pressure gauge, a temperature sensor or an electrode, or a plurality of bag-type pressure gauges, temperature sensors and electrodes are simultaneously arranged in one measuring hole.
In one embodiment of the invention, the radial simulation cavity is arranged on an angle adjusting device, the angle adjusting device comprises fixed columns horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the outer sides of two opposite surfaces of the cylindrical cavity, the end part of one fixed column is arranged in a support which is supported on the ground through a bearing seat with a bearing, and the bearing seat is in arc sliding contact with the support; the other is connected with a worm wheel lifting mechanism through a bearing, and the worm wheel lifting mechanism realizes the lifting of the cylindrical cavity in horizontal rotation and vertical height by controlling the fixed column.
In one embodiment of the invention, a constant temperature system is arranged on the periphery of the radial simulation cavity, and comprises an incubator sleeved on the radial simulation cavity and used for external experiment at the ambient temperature; the inside heat preservation space that is holding radial simulation chamber of thermostated container, be provided with the air heater that realizes inside hot-blast convection current at the inside relative both sides of thermostated container, be provided with the refrigerating system who is used for the regulating box internal temperature that cooling coil constitutes in the lateral wall of thermostated container, the internal surface of thermostated container has laid stainless steel mirror plate, and surface mounting has the heat preservation that glass fiber formed, is provided with transparent observation window and temperature control panel on the lateral wall, is provided with the light that keeps the incasement luminance in transparent observation window department.
In one embodiment of the invention, the heating system is used for heating the porous medium in the radial simulation cavity to simulate changing the environmental temperature when hydrate is generated, the heating system comprises an explosion-proof steam generator for simultaneously providing steam and hot water, the steam generator comprises a heating cylinder with a heating cavity inside, the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder is of a double-layer hollow structure, the middle is a hot water space, a heating pipe which is annular or polygonal and is directly communicated with the hot water space in the cylinder wall is arranged in the heating cavity, a heater is arranged below the heating pipe, a steam pipe for discharging steam generated in the heating pipe is arranged above the heating pipe, and a cold water exchange area for adjusting the output temperature is arranged on an output channel of the steam pipe; the temperature probe detects the temperature everywhere, the pressure probe detects the input and output pressure, the water inlet pipe supplies water to the hot water space and the cold water exchange area, the water outlet pipe outputs steam and/or hot water, and the PLC control unit controls the output of preset steam or hot water according to the instruction, and the exchange area is communicated with the hot water space through a pipeline with a control valve.
In one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises a drilling fluid circulation system for realizing annular circulation flow by using the drilling fluid to simulate and analyze the influence and pollution of the drilling fluid on the conductive characteristics of the hydrate reservoir, wherein the drilling fluid circulation system comprises a liquid storage tank for storing the drilling fluid, a circulating pump for controlling the circulating flow of the drilling fluid, a temperature controller for heating the circulating drilling fluid, a pressure regulating device for regulating the pressure of the circulating drilling fluid during the circulation of the drilling fluid, and a simulated wellhead annular structure arranged at one end of the cylindrical cavity; the output port of the liquid storage tank is connected with the circulating pump and then is connected with the inlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure, the outlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure is connected with the pressure regulating device and then is connected with the input port of the liquid storage tank, the temperature controller is independently connected with the liquid storage tank, and the output end of the circulating pump is connected with the liquid storage pipe through a branch pipe.
In one embodiment of the invention, the metering device further comprises a back pressure control device for controlling the back pressure of the outlet of the cylindrical cavity, and the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure sensor, a back pressure valve, a back pressure container and a back pressure pump which are sequentially connected; when the outlet pressure of the cylindrical cavity reaches the top control pressure of the back pressure valve, the back pressure valve is automatically opened to release pressure, and the outlet pressure is ensured to be constant.
In one embodiment of the invention, a vacuum system is further connected to the radial simulation chamber, and the vacuum system vacuumizes the radial simulation chamber through a vacuum pump to provide a clean experimental environment.
The invention quantitatively injects gas and liquid in proportion to form hydrate, can simulate the synthesis process of hydrate under stratum, simulate the decomposition of hydrate by reducing pressure or heating, and simulate the displacement condition of sand layer after the exploitation of hydrate under the condition of overburden by applying certain overburden pressure to the sand layer after the decomposition of hydrate, thereby achieving the purposes of researching whether the hydrate can collapse due to the migration of sand layer after the exploitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radial flow simulator connection of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radial simulation chamber architecture in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a hollow simulated wellbore structure in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement assembly installation of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bladder pressure gauge according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an angle adjustment device mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a liquid supply apparatus connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pressure regulating piston in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a gas supply connection of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pressure regulating valve according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a manual control valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the flow controller of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a drilling fluid circulation system connection according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the simulation mode and the operation process of each system adopt the existing method, the inside of each system and the cylindrical cavity are connected through pipelines with control valves, and unless otherwise specified, each pipeline and each control valve are not shown one by one, but only the operation process or the experimental steps are used for description.
As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a geological reservoir radial flow simulation system, which generally comprises: the device comprises a radial simulation cavity 1 serving as a simulation main body, a hollow simulation shaft 2 simulating an actual exploitation well, a bag-type overburden loading sleeve 7 simulating formation overburden, a pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit simulating hydrate generation, a metering device 6 for metering generated gas and liquid amount, a parameter measurement system 3 for performing experimental process data measurement, and a data acquisition and processing unit 10 for analyzing experimental processes and results.
As shown in fig. 2, the radial simulation cavity 1 comprises a cylindrical cavity 11 with two ends open for filling a muddy silt porous medium of a submarine hydrate reservoir, and an upper cover plate 12 and a lower cover plate 13 which are respectively fixed and sealed with bolts and are open at two ends of the cylindrical cavity; the bottom surfaces of the upper cover plate 12 and the lower cover plate 13 can be directly contacted with the end surface of the cylindrical cavity 11, and sealing grooves for installing sealing rings are arranged on the contact surfaces; a convex circular extrusion table 121 is arranged on one surface of the upper cover plate 12, which is in contact with the cylindrical cavity 11, the diameter of the extrusion table 121 is larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity 11 but smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical cavity 11, concave steps are arranged on opposite end surfaces of the cylindrical cavity 11, the diameter of the extrusion table 121 is the same as the inner diameter of the steps and can be inserted into the steps, and a sealing groove and a sealing strip are arranged on the contact surface of the two steps; the lower cover plate 13 is provided with through holes 131 which are communicated with the inside of the cylindrical cavity 11 to mount the measuring assembly, and the through holes 131 are distributed on a path between the inner side wall of the cylindrical cavity 11 and the circle center at intervals. The number and distribution manner of the through holes 131 can be set as many as possible without affecting the structure of the cylindrical cavity 11, and then corresponding measuring components are installed in the corresponding through holes 131 according to different experimental requirements, and unused through holes 131 can be temporarily closed.
In the embodiment, the internal dimension of the radial simulation cavity 1 is phi 300 multiplied by 210mm, the capacity is 15L, the highest working pressure is 30MPa, and the design pressure is 30MPa; the whole is processed by adopting a 316 duplex alloy stainless steel material, and the material has higher mechanical property and good corrosion resistance.
As shown in fig. 3, the hollow simulated wellbore 2 includes a wellbore 21 inserted into the cylindrical cavity 11 from a through hole, and a spring cover 22 restricting the inserted wellbore 21 at an upper cover plate; the side wall of the shaft 21 extending into the cylindrical cavity 11 is provided with a through hole communicated with the outside so as to facilitate the hydrate in the porous medium to enter the interior of the shaft 21. The spring gland 22 comprises a pipe body 221 with one end being an open end and the other end being a closed end, the pipe body 221 is sleeved at one end of the shaft 21 extending out of the cylindrical cavity 11 by the open end 222, the open end 222 is fixed on the lower cover plate 13 by a bolt, a through hole 223 for the shaft 21 to extend out is arranged at the closed end of the pipe body 221, a spring 224 sleeved outside the shaft is arranged in the pipe body 221, and an adjusting nut 225 is screwed on the outer circumference of the shaft 21 by threads, and the elastic force of the spring 224 is adjusted by the adjusting nut 225 through the relative screwing position with the closed end.
The capsule type overburden loading sleeve 7 is used for simulating formation overburden applied to a porous medium and comprises a rubber sleeve 71 with one end closed, a pressing ring 72 and a centralizing ring 73 for improving the sealing performance of the rubber sleeve 71, and a displacement sensor 74 for measuring the displacement of the rubber sleeve. The rubber sleeve 71 is screwed on the extrusion table 121 of the upper cover plate 12 through threads arranged on the circumference, the extruded table 121 and the cylindrical cavity 11 are extruded, sealed and fixed, a closed space is formed between the fixed rubber sleeve 71 and the upper cover plate 12, and the displacement sensor 74 penetrates through the upper cover plate 12 and then stretches into the closed space.
The side of the cylindrical cavity 11 is provided with a confining pressure injection hole 14 which is respectively communicated with the space for adding the porous medium and the closed space of the bag type coating loading sleeve 7, the confining pressure injection hole 14 is used for connecting a pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit and other matched devices, the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit is used for injecting pressure into the closed space of the bag type coating loading sleeve 7 so as to apply stratum coating pressure to the porous medium in the cylindrical cavity 11, the rubber sleeve 71 can expand and shrink when the pressure changes, and the displacement sensor 74 after being installed is contacted with the rubber sleeve 71, so that the current coating pressure change can be measured through the displacement change of the rubber sleeve 71.
In order to prevent the porous medium from entering the well bore 21 along with the flow of the gas and liquid, a filter 15 for separating the porous medium may be disposed at the outer circumference of the well bore 21, the filter 15 may be composed of a metal mesh and a filter screen together, and the mesh number of the filter 15 itself does not affect the passage of the gas and liquid, but can prevent the porous medium from passing through.
The pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit comprises a liquid supply device 5 and an air supply device 4 which are connected with a cylindrical cavity 11 in parallel, and the liquid supply device and the air supply device are used for respectively injecting gas and liquid into the cylindrical cavity 11 to form hydrate or simulating seepage conditions under stratum covering conditions by injecting liquid or gas after the hydrate is decomposed, and the liquid supply device and the air supply device are mixed in a certain proportion under the control of a data acquisition and processing unit 10, for example, 1% -3% of water and 97% -99% of natural gas are injected into the cylindrical cavity under certain temperature and pressure conditions to form hydrate, so that the seepage conditions of the hydrate in a porous medium are studied.
The metering device 6 is used for connecting the shaft 21 to receive and meter the discharged hydrate, and comprises a solid-liquid separation device 61 for separating and metering liquid and a gas-liquid separation device 62 for separating and metering gas; the solid-liquid separation device 61 includes a gas-liquid separator and a measuring balance 63 on which the gas-liquid separator is placed, and the gas-liquid separation device 62 includes a gas tank that accommodates a gas and a meter that meters the gas.
Wherein the volume of the gas-liquid separator is at least 400mL, and the pressure resistance is 2MPa; the maximum measuring range of the measuring balance 63 is 2200g, and the accuracy reaches 0.01g. The flowmeter on the gas tank is a wet flowmeter with the measuring range of 5000ml/min and the precision of 0.2%, and is provided with a ten-thousandth decoder and a communication port connected with the data acquisition and processing unit 7.
As shown in fig. 4, the parameter measuring system 3 includes measuring components installed in each through hole 131 to measure data of the porous medium in different simulation experiments, and a specific measuring component may include a bladder type pressure gauge 306 to measure pressure, a temperature sensor 307 to measure temperature, and an electrode 305 to measure resistance; wherein the bladder type pressure gauge 306 can prevent freezing at low temperatures. The bladder type pressure gauge 306, the temperature sensor 307, and the electrode 305 may be combined with each other at the time of installation, and one of the three may be installed in one through hole 131 or only one of the three may be installed in one through hole 131. The specific measuring assembly is not limited to the above three types, and the corresponding measuring member may be selected according to a specific experiment. All measuring components are connected to the data acquisition and processing unit 10 in order to control the experimental process and to analyze the experimental results at any time.
The data acquisition processing unit 10 comprises a control system with data processing software, and realizes data acquisition, analysis and result output for different experimental processes while controlling the experimental processes, wherein the control system can be a PC, an industrial personal computer and other equipment with data processing and analysis functions, and comprises a data acquisition card for receiving and converting data, data acquisition software for operating the data acquisition card, a data processing system for controlling the whole experimental process and the like. The data acquisition card is mainly used for acquiring measurement signals of the bag-type pressure detector, the temperature sensor and the electrode, and transmitting the measurement signals to data acquisition software, wherein the input port of the data acquisition card is 8 paths of differential motion; the input type is mA, the input range is 4-20 mA, the sampling rate is 15 times per second, the resolution is 16 bits, the bandwidth is 15.75Hz, and the accuracy is +/-0.02%.
The data acquisition software is a central center of the whole system, ensures the test precision of each system and realizes the intellectualization of each system. All the acquired data are recorded in a database form, the program records according to the input basic parameters and experimental acquisition content, the original data are stored in an EXCEL form, and a user can call out the data through the EXCEL program and the functional module and can automatically generate an experimental report according to requirements.
When the experimental device is used, the upper cover plate can be fixed on the cylindrical cavity, then the shaft and the measuring components on the upper cover plate are installed, porous media serving as samples are refilled, the bag-type pressure-covering loading sleeve is installed on the lower cover plate and then fixed with the cylindrical cavity, and finally connecting pipelines of all experimental devices are installed.
The synthesis process of the hydrate under the stratum can be simulated by quantitatively injecting gas and liquid according to a proportion to form the hydrate, the decomposition of the hydrate is simulated by reducing pressure or heating, and the displacement condition of the sand layer after the hydrate is extracted under the condition of overburden is simulated by applying certain overburden pressure to the sand layer after the hydrate is decomposed, so that the aims of researching whether the hydrate can collapse due to the migration of the sand layer after the hydrate is extracted are fulfilled. In addition, the spatial distribution of a temperature field, the spatial distribution of a saturation field, the advancing speed of a hydrate decomposition front, the decomposition mechanism of the hydrate and the like in the synthesis and decomposition processes of the hydrate can be studied; the purposes of optimizing development parameters and the like are achieved by controlling and changing production data such as bottom hole pressure, heat injection temperature and the like of a production well.
In this embodiment, the radial simulation chamber 1, the parameter measurement system 3 and the data acquisition and processing unit 10 form a basic experimental framework, and other systems are simultaneously communicated with the radial simulation chamber 1 through corresponding pipelines, and the corresponding systems are controlled by the manual or data acquisition and processing unit 10 according to different experimental requirements so as to realize different simulation processes, and when a specific process is simulated, other systems which do not need to participate are isolated by corresponding control valves.
According to the embodiment, the single simulation devices are integrated together, basic experiment environments can be provided for different simulation experiments through the basic device and the radial simulation cavity, different simulation experiments can be realized and controlled simultaneously or respectively by one set of device, data integration and comparison are facilitated, meanwhile, the uniqueness of experimental conditions can be guaranteed, and experimental errors are reduced.
According to the method, the permeability of different porous media can be measured by changing different types of sediments, and various data in each simulation process are analyzed and summarized through a conventional analysis method, so that all data information of a selected reservoir in different simulation experiments is obtained, and a credible basis is provided for actual exploitation. The gas and liquid injection quantity entering the radial simulation cavity 1 is precisely controlled, and the gas and liquid quantity at the outlet of the radial simulation cavity is precisely measured, so that the gas and water saturation in the porous medium pore can be calculated. By monitoring the generation conditions of hydrates at different positions in the radial simulation cavity 1 and the decomposition conditions of the hydrates in the heat injection exploitation process, the change of temperature and pressure curves in the porous medium in the experimental process can be analyzed, and the generation and decomposition of the hydrates can be determined according to the tiny difference between the gas phase and the temperature in the porous medium, so that the P-T balance and decomposition conditions of the natural gas hydrates in different mediums can be obtained.
The electrode in the parameter measuring device 3 is utilized to detect the resistivity values of different areas through the electrical saturation measuring points, and the saturation distribution conditions of the different areas are calculated and detected according to the relation value between the resistivity and the saturation. The resistance is an indicative parameter of good formation and decomposition of methane hydrate, the system resistance increases rapidly when the hydrate is formed, and the resistance decreases sharply when the hydrate is decomposed.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to install the sealing element conveniently, the through holes of the upper cover plate for installing the measuring assembly may be configured as three steps with gradually reduced inner diameters, and the end with the smallest inner diameter is located at one side of the cylindrical cavity 101, and the specific number of the through holes 107 may be 25-30. The middle section of the through hole 107 of the upper cover plate 104 is used for installing and limiting the sealing element, the smallest diameter section is used for the cable to pass through, the structure can provide corresponding installation space by using the largest diameter section, the sealing section is formed by using the middle section, and the leakage can be reduced by using the smallest section.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, in order to fix the measuring assembly conveniently, a fixing base 301, a limiting piece 302 and a release preventing sleeve 303 are installed in the through hole 131, the through hole 131 on the lower cover plate 13 is a circular through hole, and a central channel is provided in the fixing base 301 and is fixed in the through hole 131 in a sealing manner, and a specific fixing manner may be welding or screwing.
The limiting piece 302 is flexible disk or metal gasket and is provided with a plurality of axial through jacks, and the axial through jacks are used for enabling cables of all measurement components to pass through, and the limiting piece 302 is horizontally installed in the central channel, one to a plurality of limiting pieces 302 can be used according to the depth of the fixed position, all the limiting pieces 302 can be mutually overlapped and installed, elastic fixation and sealing are formed on the passed cables, and meanwhile the measuring positions of the corresponding measurement components are conveniently adjusted.
The anti-drop housing 303 is also a tubular structure with a through hole in the middle for the cable to pass through, which is screwed onto the internal thread of the outer opening end of the central passage by external threads, and the front end of the anti-drop housing 303 can be pushed against the limiting piece 302 by the depth of tightening to prevent the limiting piece 302 from moving axially.
The bag-type pressure gauge 306, the temperature sensor 307 and the measuring electrode 305 penetrate through the through holes on the anti-drop sleeve 303 and the limiting piece 302 and then extend into the cylindrical cavity 11, and in order to improve the pressure resistance of the joint, a sealing piece 308 can be arranged on the outer circumference of one end of the anti-drop sleeve 303, which is contacted with the fixed seat 301; the other end of the anti-drop sleeve is provided with an anti-rotation bolt 304 for preventing a signal line from loosening, a through hole is formed in the radial direction of the anti-rotation bolt 304, a corresponding limiting hole is formed in the anti-drop sleeve 303, and when the anti-rotation bolt 304 rotates to a position, the anti-rotation bolt 303 can be prevented from rotating relative to the anti-drop sleeve by screwing the fixing bolt into the through hole and the limiting hole.
As shown in fig. 5, the bag-type pressure gauge 306 in the present embodiment includes a pressure pipe 3061, a pressure guiding pipe 3062 sleeved outside the pressure pipe 3061, a bag-type spacer 3063 positioned at an end of the pressure guiding pipe 3062 and hermetically accommodating the end of the pressure pipe 3061, and an injection device for injecting an antifreeze into the pressure guiding pipe 3062; the pressure measuring tube 3061 transmits the received pressure of the porous medium at the insertion position to an external pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor directly displays or transmits the received pressure to the data collecting and processing unit 10 through a self-contained digital display secondary meter. The pressure introducing pipe 3062 is used for protecting the pressure measuring pipe 3061, and the antifreeze in the pressure measuring pipe 3061 can be prevented from being frozen by the low temperature of the porous medium. The bag-type spacer 3063 may form a pressurized cavity 3064 at the end of the pressure tube 3061 that is filled with an anti-freeze fluid to precisely transfer the pressure to the pressure tube 3061.
The outer surface of the end part of the pressure guiding pipe 3062 is provided with a plurality of radial convex rings 3065, the bag-type isolation sleeve 3063 is a flexible sleeve with one opening, the inner surface of the opening end is provided with a concave ring 3066 corresponding to the convex rings 3065, the bag-type isolation sleeve 3063 is clamped with the convex rings 3065 on the pressure guiding pipe 3062 after being sleeved and inserted by the concave ring 3066, and a pressure receiving cavity 3064 for containing antifreeze can be formed inside while falling off is prevented.
The natural gas hydrate has a high resistivity (about 50 times higher than the water resistivity) and the formation resistivity is about 0 to 15000 Ω.m. In the present system, the resistivity of electrode 305 is measured in the range of 0 to 15000 Ω.m, with a precision of 1%. For more accurate measurement of the hydrate distribution, the electrodes 305 are arranged in a uniformly dispersed arrangement, such as 13×3.
The above structure can reduce the number of the through holes 131 and enhance the connection strength and reduce the leakage points; the structure of the multi-layer combined limiting sheet 302 can ensure the sealing reliability of the measuring points when the pressure is larger, and the limiting sheet 302 is fully attached to the temperature measuring points.
As shown in fig. 6, in one embodiment of the present invention, for performing simulation experiments under different angles, an angle adjusting device 16 capable of arbitrarily adjusting the placement angle of the radial simulation chamber may be installed, the angle adjusting device 16 includes fixing columns 161 horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the outer sides of two opposite surfaces of the cylindrical chamber 11, wherein the end of one fixing column 161 is installed in a support 163 supported on the ground through a bearing block 162 with a bearing, and the bearing block 162 is in arc sliding contact with the support 163; the other fixed column 161 is connected with a worm gear lifting mechanism 164 through a bearing, and the worm gear lifting mechanism 164 realizes the horizontal rotation and the lifting of the vertical height of the cylindrical cavity 11 by controlling the fixed column 161.
In this scheme, worm wheel elevating system 164 adopts current worm wheel lead screw lift, generally includes worm gear reducer and lift lead screw, and it utilizes the worm to drive the worm wheel through worm drive and realizes the speed reduction, and the worm wheel center is internal thread structure, corresponds to the nut and the lift lead screw phase-match of lift lead screw, and the lifting speed equals worm input rotational speed divided by worm gear worm's reduction ratio, then multiplies the pitch of lead screw. The device has a high-precision lifting function, and does not influence the radial rotation of the radial simulation cavity; in use, the radial simulation chamber 1 uses one end of the worm wheel lifting mechanism 164 as a driving end, and the other end uses arc sliding as a driven end, so that the radial simulation chamber can rotate around the shaft to any inclination angle and then is locked. Meanwhile, the radial simulation cavity 1 can be inclined at a certain angle through the worm wheel lifting mechanism 164, so that various conditions from vertical to horizontal can be simulated, and the radial simulation cavity can be inclined at a certain angle, thereby greatly expanding the research range.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the liquid supply device 5 injects a specified liquid into the radial simulation chamber 1 by a constant-speed constant-pressure pump 501 for synthesizing hydrate of the current porous medium or analyzing the liquid permeability of the current porous medium; the constant-speed constant-pressure pump 501 of the liquid supply device can adopt a HAS-200HSB type double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, can be used as a power source of a radial simulation cavity while realizing the quantitative injection of a displacement medium, HAS the functions of pressure protection and upper and lower limit protection of the position, and HAS the following specific parameters: the working pressure is 50MPa, the flow rate is 0.01-20 mL/min, the pump head material is 316L, the pump is provided with a communication port and is connected with a data acquisition and processing unit, and the two cylinders can realize single-cylinder independent operation, double-cylinder independent operation and double-cylinder linkage operation. Distilled water or kerosene is used as a driving medium for output, and constant pressure, constant current and tracking PLC control on the driving medium are realized in the output process.
Two pressure regulating pistons 502 are arranged in parallel between the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 501 and the radial simulation cavity 1, the volume of the pressure regulating pistons 502 is 2000mL, the working pressure is 50MPa, and the material is 316L. The pressure regulating piston 502 serves as an isolation and energy storage buffer and transfer for the injection and displacement fluids. And smoothing the inner surface of the cylinder body to reduce the friction force of the inner wall.
As shown in fig. 8, each pressure regulating piston 502 includes a hollow container 5021 with two open ends, an upper cover 5022 and a lower cover 5023 screwed on two ends of the hollow container 5021 respectively through external threads, sealing plugs 5024 are respectively installed inside two ports of the hollow container 5021, a connecting table 5025 protruding outwards is arranged on one surface of the sealing plugs 5024 far away from the hollow container 5021, through holes 5026 for the connecting table 5025 to pass through are arranged on the upper cover 5022 and the lower cover 5023, and axial through holes 5027 are arranged on the connecting table 5025; a partition plate 5028 which can move along the axial direction and isolate the interior of the hollow container 5021 into two independent cavities is arranged in the hollow container 5021; one cavity is communicated with the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 501, the other cavity is communicated with the radial simulation cavity 1, the cavity communicated with the radial simulation cavity 1 is filled with solution generated by hydrate, distilled water or kerosene is filled in the other cavity, and the distilled water or kerosene pushes the baffle 5028 to move under the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 501 so as to inject the solution in the other cavity into the radial simulation cavity 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 9, the gas supply device 4 injects gas into the radial simulation chamber 1 through the air compressor 401 to synthesize hydrate, and then measures the gas permeability of the hydrate reservoir at different production conditions, such as by injecting isothermal single-phase methane gas and precisely measuring the gas flow rate at the outlet, and can measure the gas permeability according to darcy's law.
The device comprises an air compressor 401 for generating pressure gas, a gas booster pump 402 for boosting the gas generated by the air compressor 401, a low-pressure storage tank 403 for storing the low-pressure gas after boosting, a high-pressure storage tank 404 for storing the high-pressure gas after boosting, a pressure regulating valve 405 for selecting the low-pressure storage tank 403 or the high-pressure storage tank 404 to input specified pressure into the radial simulation cavity 1 according to experimental requirements, and a flow controller 406 for controlling the output flow of single gas and controlling the flow of mixed gas and liquid; a gas wetting device 407 is further installed on the gas path before the pressure regulating valve 405 to output a gas with a certain humidity, and the gas wetting device 407 may be a pressure-resistant container filled with a liquid such as distilled water. Wherein the liquid used by the gas booster pump 402 is natural gas.
The equipment can be uniformly installed through a movable installing support to form an independent inflation injection system convenient to move, and when the equipment is used, only corresponding pipelines are required to be communicated.
In the scheme, the air compressor 401 is a compressor with the model GCS50, the design pressure is 1.0MPa, the flow is 0.463 m3/min, and the air compressor 401 can also be used for cleaning and scavenging of the whole pipeline system. The gas booster pump 402 may be a SITEC gas booster pump, and has a model GBD60, a booster ratio of 60:1, a maximum outlet pressure of 498Bar, and a maximum flow of 40L/min. The low-pressure tank 403 is mainly used for storing air after the air compressor is pressurized, and the following conditions need to be satisfied: volume 0.1 m 3 Work ofThe pressure is 0.8MPa, and the design pressure is 1MPa. The high pressure tank 404 needs to meet the following: volume 2000mL, maximum working pressure 50MPa. The pressure regulating valve 405 includes a corresponding pressure indicating gauge in addition to a manual pressure regulating valve, and is mainly used for adjusting the pressurized high-pressure gas (natural gas) to a required working pressure. Wherein the maximum inlet pressure of the manual pressure regulating valve is 50MPa, and the outlet pressure is adjustable between 0 and 40 MPa. The flow controller 406 adopts a Broker high-pressure flowmeter for single gas quantitative injection, the quantitative injection flow range is 0-1000 ml/min, the maximum working pressure is 40MPa, and the flow controller can be connected with the data acquisition and processing unit 7 in a communication way through a communication interface.
As shown in fig. 13, a structure of a pressure regulating valve 405 is disclosed, and the analog analysis system of the present invention can adopt the pressure regulating valve 405 with the structure when the output pressure needs to be regulated, and the structure of the pressure regulating valve 405 is as follows: the valve comprises a valve body 4051, a valve cover 4052 fixed on the valve body 4051 through bolts, a penetrating funnel-shaped piston cavity 4054 with a large end and a small end is arranged in the valve cover 4052, the large end of the penetrating funnel-shaped piston cavity 4054 is close to the valve body 4051, a funnel-shaped piston 4055 with the same shape is movably arranged in the piston cavity 4054, a coaxial double through channel 4056 is arranged on the axis of the piston 4055, one channel in the double through channel 4056 directly penetrates through the axis, the other channel surrounds the circumference of the channel in a ring shape, a valve cap 4053 with a channel is arranged at the outlet of the small end of the piston cavity 4054 of the valve cover 4052, a sealing ring 4057 corresponding to the outlet of the double through channel 4056 of the piston 4055 is movably arranged in the channel of the valve cap 4053, and the sealing ring 4057 can simultaneously seal the two channels; a pressure channel 4058 communicated with the channel to press the sealing ring 4057 is arranged on the side of the valve cap 4053, an overflow channel 4059 communicated with the piston cavity 4054 is arranged on the valve cap 4052, a containing cavity 4050 communicated with the regulating air tank 4061 and the regulating liquid tank 4062 respectively through a branch pipe is arranged at the position of the valve body 4051 opposite to the piston cavity 4054, the opening diameter of the containing cavity 4050 is smaller than the diameter of the adjacent piston end, a pressing block for movably closing the opening end is arranged in the containing cavity 4050, and a sealing piece is arranged on the side of the piston 4055 opposite to the containing cavity 4050.
After the gas and liquid of the regulating gas tank 4061 and the regulating liquid tank 4062 enter the accommodating cavity 4050, the gas and liquid are respectively output by the double through channels 4056 and push the sealing ring 4057, the sealing ring 4057 is applied with a fixed pressure input by the pressure channel 4058, when the pressure of the gas and liquid is smaller than the fixed pressure, the sealing ring 4057 continuously seals the double through channels 4056, and when the pressure of the gas and liquid is larger than the fixed pressure, the sealing ring 4057 is jacked up to output corresponding gas and liquid from the valve cap 4053. Therefore, the output quantity of gas and liquid can be controlled by adjusting the fixed pressure. The overflow channel 4059 can be used as a pressure release channel for gas and liquid.
Further, the sealing rings 4057 can adopt a structure which is separately arranged to respectively seal the corresponding channels, and the pressure channels 4058 are arranged in two and respectively correspond to one sealing ring 4057, and the structure can apply different pressures to the pressure channels 4058 to regulate different output quantities of gas and liquid, so that the mixing precision is further improved.
As shown in fig. 11, in one embodiment of the present invention, the control valve used in the present invention may be a manual control valve 9 having a structure in which the manual control valve 9 generally includes a valve body 91 as a flow passage, a valve stem 92 closing the flow passage, and a manual screw 93 controlling movement of the valve stem 92. An infusion passage 94 and a valve stem mounting groove 95 communicating with the infusion passage 94 are provided in the valve body 91, and the valve stem 92 has the same shape as the cross-sectional shape of the infusion passage 94, and may be cylindrical or rectangular. One end of the valve stem 92 is provided with a radially protruding collar 921 or any structure protruding the valve stem body, such as a bump, a protruding rod. One end of the manual screw 93 is screwed into the opening end of the valve rod mounting groove 95 through external threads, a groove 931 for clamping the valve rod convex ring 921 is formed in the end, lifting of the valve rod 92 can be achieved by driving the convex ring 921 through the manual screw 93, and the manual screw 93 can be of a fixed connection structure or of a movable clamping structure capable of mutually rotating relative to the mounting position of the convex ring 921.
In operation, the collar 921 of the valve stem 92 snaps into the recess 931 and the other end thereof is positioned either within the infusion channel 94 or outside the infusion channel 94 depending upon the on-off condition, and when positioned within the infusion channel 94, can completely close the infusion channel 94. The manual screw 93 drives the valve rod 92 to lift after lifting through threads, so that the opening and closing of the infusion channel 94 are realized. To improve the sealing, a sealing ring 96 may be fitted around the radial circumference of the valve stem 92, the sealing ring 96 having an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the valve stem mounting groove 95 and at least larger than the outer diameter of the male ring 921, the sealing ring 96 being capable of preventing liquid or gas from leaking from the valve stem mounting groove 95 and at the same time preventing gas or liquid from entering the groove 931 in which the male ring 921 is mounted.
To enhance the opening and closing effect of the valve stem 92, the fluid passage 94 may include a fluid inlet passage and a fluid outlet passage which are parallel to each other, and a closed passage which is vertically connected to one end of the fluid inlet passage and the fluid outlet passage, and the valve stem 92 is inserted into the closed passage. This configuration can increase the closure length of the valve stem 92, thereby improving the closure.
The structure of the movable holding collar 931 of the manual screw 93 in this embodiment is as follows: a movable mounting sleeve (not shown) is screwed in the groove 931 of the manual screw 93, the inside of the mounting sleeve is provided with a containing groove corresponding to one end of the convex ring 921 of the valve rod 92, and a bayonet for laterally clamping one end of the convex ring 921 is arranged on the circumference of the mounting sleeve; in use, one end of the convex ring 921 of the valve rod 92 is clamped into the mounting sleeve from the bayonet, and the mounting sleeve is screwed into the groove 931; this structure can reduce the manufacturing process of the manual valve rod 93, and is convenient to install.
In addition, in another embodiment, the structure of the movable clamping collar 931 of the manual screw 93 may be as follows: a bayonet corresponding to one end of the stem collar 921 is provided on a side surface of the groove 931, and a closing block closing the bayonet is movably installed at the bayonet by a bolt. This structure allows machining of the groove 931 from the side of the manual valve body 93, and closing with a movable closing block prevents and restricts radial movement of the valve stem 92 after installation. The outer surface of the closure block may be externally threaded integrally with the manual valve stem 93.
In one embodiment of the invention, a thermostatic system simulating the ambient temperature of the radial simulation chamber may also be provided, which system is cooled or warmed to simulate the desired ambient temperature, such as by providing a low temperature simulated hydrate forming environment, mainly by means of an incubator housing the radial simulation chamber 1. The temperature of the incubator can be controlled at-15-60 ℃ with the precision of +/-0.5 ℃.
The incubator can adopt the existing products or custom, but the basic structure thereof needs to meet the following requirements: the heat preservation space inside can hold radial simulation chamber 1 at least, is provided with the air heater that realizes inside hot-blast convection on the inside opposite two sides of thermostated container, and the heat source of air heater can be the heating wire, or the heat that directly utilizes other systems to produce, like the steam in the heating system. Meanwhile, in order to adjust the internal temperature, a refrigerating system formed by a cooling coil is further arranged in the side wall of the incubator, and the refrigerating system generates cold air through refrigerating fluid and is automatically controlled by the data acquisition and processing unit 10 according to the temperature range determined by experiments.
Stainless steel mirror surface plates are laid on the inner surface of the incubator, the reflective heat can keep the internal humidity balanced, meanwhile, the condition in the incubator is conveniently observed, an A3 steel plate is adopted for spraying plastics on the outer liner, an insulation layer formed by superfine glass fibers is arranged on the outer surface of the incubator to avoid unnecessary energy loss, a transparent observation window and a temperature control panel are arranged on the side wall, and an illuminating lamp for keeping the brightness in the incubator is arranged at the transparent observation window.
In addition, the incubator is also provided with a large-screen touch panel, and the incubator is directly used for programming and is also used as a display screen for displaying the running curve. The remote software temperature setting device is connected with the data acquisition processing unit 7 through an RS-485 communication interface, and is used for realizing remote software temperature setting, monitoring the test process, executing functions of automatic on-off and the like.
In addition, a vacuum system for extracting the vacuum in the radial simulation cavity can be further arranged, and the vacuum system can be used for vacuumizing the inside of the radial simulation cavity 1 through a vacuum pump so as to provide a clean experimental environment. The vacuum system is not used as a constant system, the vacuum pump is temporarily connected with the existing pipeline before vacuumizing, and the vacuum pump is disconnected after vacuumizing is finished.
As shown in fig. 12, in one embodiment of the present invention, the regulated liquid supply and air supply unit may be a flow controller capable of simultaneously implementing automatic gas and liquid input control, the flow controller includes a regulated gas tank 4061 for outputting gas and a regulated liquid tank 4062 for outputting liquid, which are connected in parallel, a pressure regulating valve 4063 for controlling the regulated gas tank 4061 and the regulated liquid tank 4062 to output gas and liquid amounts in a radial simulation chamber, a storage tank 4064 for providing gas and liquid for the regulated gas tank 4061 and the regulated liquid tank 4062, a pressure pump 4065 for providing pressure, a sensor for detecting pressure, and a PLC unit for controlling operations of the respective components.
The structure of the regulating gas tank 4061 and the structure of the regulating liquid tank 4062 are basically the same, but one gas and one liquid are output when the regulating gas tank 4061 and the regulating liquid tank 4062 are in operation. The interior of the regulating gas tank 4061 is partitioned into a gas chamber A and a liquid chamber A by a sliding piston, the interior of the regulating liquid tank 4062 is partitioned into a gas chamber B and a liquid chamber B by a sliding piston, and the gas chamber A and the liquid chamber A are respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve 4063 in parallel by pipelines; the air chamber B and the liquid chamber B are respectively connected with the pressure pump 4065 in parallel through pipelines to obtain input pressure, the sensor obtains pressure at all positions and outputs the pressure to the PLC unit, and the PLC unit adjusts the pressure regulating valve 4063 according to the change of the pressure value in the radial simulation cavity 1 to keep the stability of the gas and the liquid in the radial simulation cavity, so that the input of the gas amount or the liquid amount or the gas-liquid mixing amount is always kept at a standard.
Along with the injection of the high-pressure fluid into the radial simulation cavity 1, the injection pressure is increased, so as to ensure that the high-pressure fluid injected into the radial simulation cavity 1 is a constant flow, and the gas-liquid volume ratio of the high-pressure fluid is a fixed value: while the flow controller 406 may achieve a constant control output at different pressure and temperatures. In this embodiment, the flow controller 406 may be installed in a plurality of different types according to the experimental requirements, and the adjustment purpose thereof includes gas-gas mixing and gas-liquid mixing.
After the high-pressure fluid is injected into the radial simulation chamber 1, the internal pressure is increased, the volume ratio of the gas to the liquid in the original injected fluid may be changed, and the flow controller 406 can increase the pressure and the injection speed at this time, so that the gas to liquid ratio injected into the radial simulation chamber 1 is always maintained in a state of the expected gas to liquid ratio, i.e. a constant injection flow is realized.
Let the inlet pressure of the radial simulation chamber 1 be P1, the pressure P2 provided by the pressure pump 4065, the flow of gas actually entering the radial simulation chamber 1 be Q1, the flow of real-time variation be Q2, and the flow controller 406 comprises:
P1·Q1＝P2·Q2
wherein P2 is a constant value, and when P1 is changed, the flow of Q2 is continuously changed to ensure that Q1 is unchanged. The device collects the value of the pressure P1 in real time through the pressure sensor, the data collection processing system 7 controls the output pressure of the pressure pump 4065, the displacement Q2 of the regulating gas tank 4061 and the displacement Q2 of the regulating liquid tank 4062 are continuously changed along with the change of the pressure P1, the constant input of the gas flow Q1 and the liquid flow Q1 into the radial simulation cavity 1 are ensured, and the constant gas-liquid input proportion is ensured.
The working process is described as follows: the air chamber a and the liquid chamber a are respectively connected with the back pressure valve 4063 to output corresponding gas and liquid, the back pressure valve 4063 controls the mixing quantity output by the back pressure valve 4063 according to the corresponding pressure change, the air chamber B and the liquid chamber B are filled with liquid, the piston is pushed to squeeze the air chamber a and the liquid chamber a under the pressure of the pressure pump 4065 to output the corresponding gas quantity and the liquid quantity, and the pushing pressure of the pressure pump 4065 is determined by the data acquisition processing unit 7 according to the pressure sensor feedback signal, and the value gradually increases along with the pressure change in the radial simulation cavity 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, a heating system for heating the porous medium in the radial simulation cavity to simulate changing the environmental temperature during hydrate generation can be further arranged, the heating system comprises an explosion-proof steam generator for simultaneously providing steam and hot water, the steam generator comprises a heating cylinder with a heating cavity inside, the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder is of a double-layer hollow structure, the middle is a hot water space, a heating pipe which is annular or polygonal and is directly communicated with the hot water space in the cylinder wall is arranged in the heating cavity, a heater is arranged below the heating pipe, a steam pipe for discharging steam generated in the heating pipe is arranged above the heating pipe, and a cold water exchange area for adjusting the output temperature is arranged on an output channel of the steam pipe; the cold water exchange area regulates the output steam temperature through low temperature water, wherein the low temperature water can be water in a certain range, such as 10 ℃ water, or can be a thermal mass before entering a heating pipe so as to absorb corresponding heat in advance and reduce the later heating time.
The heating system is also provided with a temperature probe for detecting the temperature of each place, a pressure probe for detecting the input and output pressure, a water inlet pipe for supplying water to the hot water space and the cold water exchange area, a water outlet pipe for outputting steam and/or hot water, and a PLC control unit for controlling the output of preset steam or hot water according to instructions, wherein the exchange area is communicated with the hot water space through a pipeline with a control valve.
In one embodiment of the invention, a drilling fluid circulation system 8 is also installed, which utilizes drilling fluid to realize annular circulation flow at the inlet of the input hole 108 of the radial simulation cavity 1 so as to simulate and analyze the influence and pollution of the drilling fluid on the conductive characteristics of the hydrate reservoir; the drilling fluid circulation system 8 comprises a liquid storage tank 801 for storing well fluid, a circulation pump 802 for controlling the circulation flow of the drilling fluid, a temperature controller 803 for heating the circulating drilling fluid, a pressure regulating device 804 for regulating the pressure of the drilling fluid during circulation, and a simulated wellhead annular structure 805 arranged at one end of the radial simulated cavity 1; the output port of the liquid storage tank 801 is connected with the circulating pump 802 and then is connected with the inlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure 805, the outlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure 805 is connected with the pressure regulating device 804 and then is connected with the input port of the liquid storage tank 801, the temperature controller 803 is separately connected with the liquid storage tank 801, and the output end of the circulating pump 802 is connected with the liquid storage pipe 801 through a branch pipe.
The liquid storage tank 801 adopts a detachable structure with a cover, the volume is 1000mL, the maximum working pressure is 25MPa, and the temperature regulation and control range of the temperature controller 803 is about room temperature to 50 ℃. The maximum injection pressure of the circulation pump 802 is 25MPa, and the flow rate is controlled to be 0.5-10 mL/min.
In addition, the geological reservoir radial flow simulation system is also provided with an electricity grounding protection circuit, an electricity breaking protection circuit, an over-temperature protection circuit, an over-pressure protection circuit and an electronic circuit safety protection circuit in the electricity utilization aspect.
The power-on grounding protection and power-off protection circuit can avoid the damage of incoming calls to equipment and human bodies after sudden power failure, and the instrument can be electrified to work only after restarting the total power supply when power failure occurs, so that personal safety is ensured.
The over-temperature protection carries out split-phase treatment on some high-power instruments which are heated, so as to achieve basic balance, keep a circuit system stable, and prevent unbalance between phases caused by overlarge power of one phase in a circuit. Through the PID control system designed by the system, the temperature of the constant temperature control system can be set to be on-line or off-line, when the real-time temperature exceeds the upper limit or the lower limit of the measured temperature, the alarm is given out, the operator is reminded, and when the temperature of the system exceeds the set degree, the system can immediately and automatically stop the current operation, and then the heating power supply is turned off and the alarm is given out.
The overpressure protection treatment mode comprises the steps of selecting high-pressure materials meeting the national standards of GB/T1220-2007 stainless steel bars to manufacture various devices; and the pressure parts are designed, processed and inspected strictly according to the national standard of GB 150.1-150.4-2011 pressure vessel. The pressure-proof test comprises a hydraulic test and a pneumatic test, wherein the hydraulic test pressure is 1.25 times of the design pressure, and the pneumatic test pressure is 1.15 times of the design pressure; the container and the key pressure points are provided with inlet pressure sensors with corresponding measuring ranges, and each pressure measuring point is monitored in real time. The maximum pressure value can be set according to the test requirement, and when the pressure measuring point is close to the full range or the instrument limit index, the power element stops working, and the software interface prompts and sounds to give an alarm. The pumps of each system are provided with safety valves, and the safety valves automatically release pressure when the pressure exceeds the limit pressure. After the pressure reaches a specified value, the safety valve is opened, and an alarm is given.
The electronic circuit safety protection adopts an electric contact pressure gauge for overpressure protection, and the electric contact pressure gauge consists of a measuring system, an indicating system, a magnetic auxiliary electric contact device, a shell, an adjusting device, a junction box (plug seat) and the like. The general electric contact pressure gauge is used for measuring the positive and negative pressure of gas and liquid media which do not corrode copper and copper alloy, and the stainless steel electric contact pressure gauge is used for measuring the positive and negative pressure of the gas and liquid media which do not corrode stainless steel and sending out a signal when the pressure reaches a preset value, and a control circuit is connected to achieve the purpose of automatic control and alarming. The electric contact pressure meter forces the tail end of the spring tube to generate corresponding elastic deformation and displacement under the pressure action of the measured medium based on the spring tube in the measuring system, and the measured value is indicated on the dial by the indication (together with the contact) on the fixed gear by means of the transmission of the pull rod through the gear transmission mechanism and amplified. At the same time, when the control system is in contact (moving-off or moving-on) with the contact (upper limit or lower limit) on the setting pointer, the circuit in the control system is turned off or on, so that the purposes of automatic control and signaling and alarming are achieved.
By now it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein in detail, many other variations or modifications of the invention consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly ascertained or inferred from the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (17)
1. A geological reservoir radial flow simulation system, comprising:
the radial simulation cavity comprises a cylindrical cavity with openings at two ends for filling a muddy silt porous medium in a submarine hydrate reservoir, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate which are respectively fixed and sealed with the openings at two ends of the cylindrical cavity through bolts, an extrusion table which protrudes out and has the same inner diameter as the cylindrical cavity is arranged on one surface of the lower cover plate, which is contacted with the cylindrical cavity, and a through hole is formed in the center of the upper cover plate;
a hollow simulated wellbore for simulating a production well, comprising a wellbore inserted into the cylindrical cavity from the through hole, a spring gland for restricting the wellbore at the upper cover plate; the spring gland comprises a pipe body with one end being an open end and the other end being a closed end, the pipe body is sleeved at one end of the shaft extending out of the cylindrical cavity by the open end and then is fixed on the upper cover plate by a bolt, the closed end of the pipe body is provided with a through hole for the shaft to extend out, a spring sleeved outside the shaft is arranged in the pipe body, and an adjusting nut screwed on the shaft through threads is arranged in the pipe body and adjusts the elastic force of the spring by the relative position of the adjusting nut and the closed end;
The capsule type pressure-covering loading sleeve is used for simulating stratum pressure applied to a porous medium and comprises a rubber sleeve with one closed end, a pressing ring and a centering ring for improving the sealing performance of the rubber sleeve, and a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement of the rubber sleeve; the rubber sleeve is screwed on the extrusion table of the lower cover plate through threads, a closed space is formed between the rubber sleeve and the lower cover plate, and the displacement sensor penetrates through the lower cover plate and then stretches into the closed space;
the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit comprises a liquid supply device and an air supply device which are connected in parallel and then connected with the cylindrical cavity, and is used for respectively injecting gas and liquid into the cylindrical cavity to form hydrate or simulating seepage conditions under the stratum overburden condition by injecting liquid or gas after the hydrate is decomposed;
a metering device for connecting the well bore to receive and meter the discharged hydrate, comprising a solid-liquid separation device for separating and metering the liquid and a gas-liquid separation device for separating and metering the gas;
the parameter measurement system is used for measuring data of the porous medium in different simulation experiments and comprises a bag-type pressure measuring device for measuring pressure, a temperature sensor for measuring temperature and an electrode for measuring resistance, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in an upper cover plate, and the bag-type pressure measuring device, the temperature sensor and the electrode are simultaneously arranged in one through hole or are arranged in different through holes in a dispersing mode;
The data acquisition processing unit comprises a control system with data processing software, and realizes data acquisition, analysis and result output for different experimental processes while controlling the experimental processes;
the liquid supply device comprises a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump which realizes single-cylinder independent operation, double-cylinder independent operation and double-cylinder linkage operation through two cylinders, and a pressure regulating piston arranged between the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump and the cylindrical cavity;
the pressure regulating piston comprises a hollow container with two open ends, an upper cover and a lower cover are screwed at two ends of the hollow container respectively through external threads, sealing plugs are respectively arranged in two ports of the hollow container, a connecting table protruding outwards is arranged on one surface of the sealing plugs, which is far away from the hollow container, through holes for the connecting table to pass through are formed in the upper cover and the lower cover, and axial through holes are formed in the connecting table; a baffle plate which can move along the axial direction and isolate the interior of the hollow container into two independent cavities is arranged in the hollow container; one cavity is communicated with the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, the other cavity is communicated with the cylindrical cavity, the cavity communicated with the radial simulation cavity is filled with a solution meeting the generation of hydrate, and the solution is injected into the cylindrical cavity under the pushing of distilled water or kerosene in the other cavity;
The bag-type pressure measurer comprises a pressure measuring pipe, a pressure guiding pipe sleeved outside the pressure measuring pipe, a bag-type isolation sleeve positioned at the end part of the pressure guiding pipe and used for sealing and accommodating the end part of the pressure measuring pipe, and an injection device used for injecting antifreezing solution into the pressure guiding pipe; the outer surface of the end part of the pressure guiding pipe is provided with a plurality of radial convex rings, the bag-type isolation sleeve is a flexible sleeve with one end open, the inner surface of the open end is provided with a concave ring corresponding to the convex rings, and the bag-type isolation sleeve is connected with the convex rings on the pressure guiding pipe after being clamped by the concave ring, so that a protection space for containing antifreeze is formed inside.
2. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the spring gland is characterized in that a fixing piece for sealing a connecting joint between the shaft and the upper cover plate is further arranged in the spring gland, the fixing piece comprises a pressing sleeve sleeved outside the shaft and fixed by a bolt, and a sealing ring arranged in the connecting joint, and the sealing ring is extruded and sealed after the fixing piece is fixed.
3. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the side surface of the cylindrical cavity is provided with a confining pressure injection hole which is respectively communicated with the space for adding the porous medium and the closed space of the bag-type pressure-covering loading sleeve; a filter for isolating sediment is arranged between the confining pressure injection hole and the porous medium.
4. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
a sand control net for isolating the entry of porous media is arranged on the outer circumference of the shaft; and ceramsite permeation layers for dispersing liquid permeation paths are respectively arranged at the inner circumference of the cylindrical cavity and the outer circumference of the shaft.
5. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the gas supply device comprises an air compressor for generating pressure gas, a gas booster pump for boosting the gas generated by the air compressor, a low-pressure storage tank for storing low-pressure gas after boosting, a high-pressure storage tank for storing high-pressure gas after boosting, a pressure regulating valve for selecting the low-pressure storage tank or the high-pressure storage tank to input specified pressure into the cylindrical cavity according to experimental requirements, and a flow controller for controlling the output flow of single gas and controlling the flow of mixed gas and liquid; the gas circuit in front of the pressure regulating valve is provided with a gas wetting device which is a pressure-resistant container filled with liquid.
6. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the pressure-stabilizing liquid supply and air supply unit also comprises a flow controller capable of automatically adjusting gas and liquid input quantity, the flow controller comprises a regulating gas tank for outputting gas and a regulating liquid tank for outputting liquid, which are connected in parallel, a control valve for controlling the gas and liquid quantity output from the regulating gas tank and the regulating liquid tank into the cylindrical cavity, a storage tank for respectively providing gas and liquid for the regulating gas tank and the regulating liquid tank, a pressure pump for providing pressure, a sensor for detecting pressure, and a PLC unit for controlling the operation of each component;
The interior of the regulating air tank is partitioned into an air chamber A and a liquid chamber A by a sliding piston, the interior of the regulating liquid tank is partitioned into an air chamber B and a liquid chamber B by a sliding piston, and the air chamber A and the liquid chamber A are respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve in parallel through pipelines; the air chamber B and the liquid chamber B are respectively connected with the pressure pump in parallel through pipelines, the sensor obtains the pressure at each position and outputs the pressure to the PLC unit, and the PLC unit adjusts the pressure regulating valve according to the change of the pressure value in the cylindrical cavity so as to keep the gas and the liquid which are input into the cylindrical cavity stable.
7. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 6, wherein,
the pressure regulating valve comprises a valve body, a valve cover fixed on the valve body through bolts, a penetrating funnel-shaped piston cavity with a large end and a small end is arranged in the valve cover, one end with a large opening is close to the valve body, a funnel-shaped piston with the same shape is arranged in the piston cavity, a coaxial double-penetrating channel is arranged on the axis of the piston, a valve cap with a channel is arranged at the outlet of the small end of the piston cavity of the valve cover, a sealing ring corresponding to the outlet of the double-penetrating channel of the piston is movably arranged in the channel of the valve cap, a pressure channel communicated with the channel for pressing the sealing ring is arranged on the side edge of the valve cap, an overflow channel communicated with the piston cavity is arranged on the valve cover, a containing cavity communicated with the regulating air tank and the regulating liquid tank is arranged at the position of the valve body opposite to the piston cavity, the diameter of the opening of the containing cavity is smaller than that of the adjacent piston end, a pressing block with the movable closed opening end is arranged in the containing cavity, and a sealing piece is arranged on one side of the piston opposite to the containing cavity.
8. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 6, wherein,
the control valve comprises a valve body, a valve rod and a manual screw rod, wherein an infusion channel and a valve rod mounting groove communicated with the infusion channel are arranged in the valve body, the valve rod is cylindrical, one end of the valve rod is provided with a radially protruding convex ring, one end of the manual screw rod is screwed in the opening end of the valve rod mounting groove through threads, the end of the manual screw rod is provided with a groove for movably clamping the valve rod convex ring, the convex ring of the valve rod is clamped in the groove, the other end of the convex ring of the valve rod is positioned in the infusion channel and can completely seal the infusion channel, a sealing ring is sleeved on the valve rod, and the outer diameter of the sealing ring is larger than that of the groove;
the infusion channel comprises a liquid inlet channel and a liquid outlet channel which are parallel to each other, and a closed channel which is vertically connected with one end of the liquid inlet channel and one end of the liquid outlet channel, and the valve rod is inserted into the closed channel.
9. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 8, wherein,
the structure of the movable clamping convex ring is as follows: a mounting sleeve is screwed in the groove through threads, an accommodating groove corresponding to one end of the valve rod convex ring is formed in the mounting sleeve, and a bayonet for laterally clamping one end of the convex ring is formed in the circumference of the mounting sleeve; or (b)
The side of the groove is provided with a bayonet corresponding to one end of the valve rod convex ring in shape and a closing block connected with the bayonet through a bolt to close the bayonet.
10. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the parameter measurement system further comprises a fixing seat for fixing the measurement component, a limiting sheet and an anti-falling sleeve, wherein the fixing seat is fixed in the through hole in a sealing mode, a central channel is formed in the fixing seat, the limiting sheet is a flexible or metal disc and is provided with a plurality of axial penetrating jacks, the limiting sheet is horizontally arranged in the central channel of the fixing seat after being combined, the anti-falling sleeve is screwed at the outer opening end of the central channel through external threads, and the front end of the limiting sheet is tightly propped against the limiting sheet; the capsule-type pressure measurer comprises a cylindrical cavity, a fixing seat, a sealing piece, a capsule-type pressure measurer, a temperature sensor, an electrode, a through hole, a limiting hole, a fixing bolt, a sealing piece, a signal cable loosening prevention bolt, a limiting hole and a fixing bolt.
11. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 10, wherein,
the bag-type pressure detector, the temperature sensor and the electrode are sequentially distributed along the gas-liquid flowing direction in the cylindrical cavity; one of the through holes is provided with a bag-type pressure gauge, a temperature sensor or an electrode, or a plurality of bag-type pressure gauges, temperature sensors and electrodes are simultaneously arranged in one measuring hole.
12. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the radial simulation cavity is arranged on the angle adjusting device, the angle adjusting device comprises fixing columns which are horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the outer sides of two opposite surfaces of the cylindrical cavity, the end part of one fixing column is arranged in a support which is supported on the ground through a bearing seat with a bearing, and the bearing seat is in arc sliding contact with the support; the other is connected with a worm wheel lifting mechanism through a bearing, and the worm wheel lifting mechanism realizes the lifting of the cylindrical cavity in horizontal rotation and vertical height by controlling the fixed column.
13. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
a constant temperature system is arranged at the periphery of the radial simulation cavity, and comprises a constant temperature box sleeved on the radial simulation cavity for external experiment; the inside heat preservation space that is holding radial simulation chamber of thermostated container, be provided with the air heater that realizes inside hot-blast convection current at the inside relative both sides of thermostated container, be provided with the refrigerating system who is used for the regulating box internal temperature that cooling coil constitutes in the lateral wall of thermostated container, the internal surface of thermostated container has laid stainless steel mirror plate, and surface mounting has the heat preservation that glass fiber formed, is provided with transparent observation window and temperature control panel on the lateral wall, is provided with the light that keeps the incasement luminance in transparent observation window department.
14. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the heating system is used for heating the porous medium in the radial simulation cavity to simulate and change the environmental temperature when the hydrate is generated, the heating system comprises an explosion-proof steam generator for simultaneously providing steam and hot water, the steam generator comprises a heating cylinder with a heating cavity inside, the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder is of a double-layer hollow structure, a hot water space is arranged in the middle of the heating cylinder, a heating pipe which is annular or polygonal and is directly communicated with the hot water space in the cylinder wall is arranged in the heating cavity, a heater is arranged below the heating pipe, a steam pipe for discharging the steam generated in the heating pipe is arranged above the heating pipe, and a cold water exchange area for adjusting the output temperature is arranged on an output channel of the steam pipe; the temperature probe detects the temperature everywhere, the pressure probe detects the input and output pressure, the water inlet pipe supplies water to the hot water space and the cold water exchange area, the water outlet pipe outputs steam and/or hot water, and the PLC control unit controls the output of preset steam or hot water according to the instruction, and the exchange area is communicated with the hot water space through a pipeline with a control valve.
15. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
The system also comprises a drilling fluid circulation system for realizing annular circulation flow by using the drilling fluid to simulate and analyze the influence and pollution of the drilling fluid on the conductive characteristics of the hydrate reservoir, and the drilling fluid circulation system comprises a liquid storage tank for storing the drilling fluid, a circulating pump for controlling the circulating flow of the drilling fluid, a temperature controller for heating the circulating drilling fluid, a pressure regulating device for regulating the pressure of the drilling fluid during circulation, and a simulated wellhead annular structure arranged at one end of the cylindrical cavity; the output port of the liquid storage tank is connected with the circulating pump and then is connected with the inlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure, the outlet of the simulated wellhead annular structure is connected with the pressure regulating device and then is connected with the input port of the liquid storage tank, the temperature controller is independently connected with the liquid storage tank, and the output end of the circulating pump is connected with the liquid storage pipe through a branch pipe.
16. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the metering device also comprises a back pressure control device for controlling the back pressure of the outlet of the cylindrical cavity, and the back pressure control device comprises a back pressure sensor, a back pressure valve, a back pressure container and a back pressure pump which are sequentially connected; when the outlet pressure of the cylindrical cavity reaches the top control pressure of the back pressure valve, the back pressure valve is automatically opened to release pressure, and the outlet pressure is ensured to be constant.
17. The geological reservoir radial flow simulation system of claim 1, wherein,
the radial simulation cavity is also connected with a vacuum system, and the vacuum system is used for vacuumizing the radial simulation cavity through a vacuum pump so as to provide a clean experimental environment.
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