CN102440171B - Rescue method after ball spallation in big tree transplanting - Google Patents
Rescue method after ball spallation in big tree transplanting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rescue method after ball spallation in big tree transplanting. The method adopts the treatment steps as follows: (1) pouring gaps of a soil ball by adopting mud mixed with a rooting agent after transplanting so as to form a whole; (2) swathing boughs of a tree trunk and below and trunk parts by adopting a plastic film until the bottom of the trunk; and (3) conducting transfusion treatment to the trunk. Leaves and/or branches with leaves of the tree can be further pruned towards special trees before transplanting, and anti-transpirant spraying and/or overshadowing to the whole tree can be conducted after being transplanted. With the method, a root system can be better contacted with soil and water, new roots of the root system can be quickened, water and nutrient can be timely supplemented, cells of the tree and enzyme activity can be stimulated, water transpirating of the tree can be slow down, the absorption strength of the tree body can be reduced, nutrition consumption can be decreased, the up and down balance of the tree can be increasingly achieved again, and the survival rate of the whole canopy transplanted tree can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of transplanting trees with whole canopy, especially the means to save the situation after its native ball spallation.
Background technology
The situation that native ball spallation takes place in the trees migration process is frequent, for example loose content, extruding, repeatedly the spallation that is easy to cause native ball such as have bad luck, especially carry out the big tree that complete crown is transplanted for needs, because it is difficult to survive, and the survival rate for transplanted big tree requires higher usually again, therefore the state for native ball requires higher in migration process, and when its native ball spallation, because root soil separates, even take existing multiple remedial measure to be difficult to also guarantee that it survives, and causes enormous economic loss.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art, the invention provides the means to save the situation behind a kind of big tree transplanting spallation ball, can effectively reduce the probability that causes surviving difficulty because of native ball spallation, can effectively improve the survival rate of transplanting trees with whole canopy, reduce economic loss.
Main technical schemes of the present invention is:
Means to save the situation behind a kind of big tree transplanting spallation ball, mainly adopt following treatment step: the crack of adopting the mud that is mixed with root-growing agent to pour into native ball after plant (1) makes it into as a whole; (2) adopt plastic film to swathe until the trunk bottom with reaching trunk portion below the trunk major branch; (3) to the trunk processing of infusing.
The blade of all right further pruning trees and/or band leaf branch bar before planting.
Can also set entirely after planting and spray antitranspirant and/or the processing of sheltering from heat or light.
When planting evergreen coniferous tree winter, can also carry out following processing: be equipped with at plant pit 50～60cm place and ground temperature can be maintained 20～25 ℃ heating wire, and set up can from around and the transparent plastic tunnels of the whole encirclement of end face trees, the ground temperature of control in the plastic tunnel is lower than ground temperature, and control soil moisture meets trees and takes root and survive needs.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The back employing of planting contains the mud perfusion of root-growing agent, and root system is contacted with moisture with soil better, accelerates root system and germinates new root again, is conducive to the formation again of complete root system more, has improved the survival rate after planting.
Trunk is carried out plastic film swathe, can slow down the moisture transpiration of tree body, reduce the respiratory intensity of tree body itself, reduce nutrient consumption; Additional and the supply that can artificially strengthen the tree required moisture of body and nutriment is handled in transfusion, stimulates the activity of tree somatic cell and enzyme, provides condition for trees take root again simultaneously.
Step (1)～(3) combine, can impel the tree body to reach the equilibrium of " root system absorbs moisture and nutrition supply shoot and leaf growth; and remedy branches and leaves and trunk water transpiration, and leaf generates carbohydrate supply root growth by photosynthesis again " up and down again, improve the survival rate of tree body.
Adopt plant preceding trimming blade and/or band leaf branch bar at different seeds, set entirely after perhaps planting and spray antitranspirant and/or the processing of sheltering from heat or light, can further accelerate to reach tree body equilibrium state up and down, make and set the normal growth that body recovers nature early.
Setting up and the control of temperature, humidity of the laying of heating wire, plastic tunnel broken the trees hibernation, builds the favourable cuttage environment impel trees to take root to survive, makes the specific seeds of planting winter become possibility.
Embodiment
When trees are shifted out former planting site, as long as native ball not spallation does not generally need to remedy, as long as native bulb diameter reaches trees diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-10 doubly, the standard that soil ball height reaches native bulb diameter 4/5 is just passable, but for especially big tree owing to transportation problem, native ball far can not reach above-mentioned standard, should before transplanting, prune earlier, and full tree sprays antitranspirant, and antitranspirant can use carboxymethyl cellulose C(high viscosity) 80 times of liquid, suppress to set the body moisture transpiration to greatest extent.
The present invention is exactly a kind of means to save the situation that provides at native ball spallation in the big tree transplanting, be purpose to improve trees surviving rate, mainly adopt following treatment step: (1) crack that the back adopts the mud that is mixed with root-growing agent to pour into native ball of planting makes it into as a whole; (2) will (contain main root) below the trunk major branch and trunk portion adopts plastic film to swathe until the trunk bottom; (3) to the trunk processing of infusing.Especially big tree is because transportation problem, and native ball far can not reach above-mentioned standard, should prune earlier before transplanting, and full tree sprays antitranspirant, and antitranspirant is with carboxymethyl cellulose C(high viscosity) 80 times of liquid, suppress tree body moisture transpiration to greatest extent.
Behind the transplanting tree, owing to the reason of being completely cured, tree body disequilibrium, large quantity of moisture is by transpiration, the nutrition famine, and swathing plastic film at trunk is to reduce tree body respiratory intensity, keep original tree body moisture, transfusion then is to supply with tree body moisture and nutrition, stimulates the activity of tree somatic cell and enzyme, is to satisfy trees one of the major measure of condition of taking root.
The consumption of the root-growing agent that described step (1) adopts should be determined according to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of nursery stock, be specially: be the nursery stock of 15～20cm as the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the consumption of root-growing agent can be 20～25g/ strain; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the nursery stock of 20～25cm, and the consumption of root-growing agent can be 25～30g/ strain, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the nursery stock of 25～30cm, and the consumption of root-growing agent can be for more than the 30g/ strain.Containing heteroauxin, indolebutyric acid, methyl or other growth hormone, class growth hormone etc. in the common described root-growing agent, perhaps is wherein a kind of or several compound.Described root-growing agent preferably adopts the root-inducing powder of outsourcing, as adopting state's light board root-inducing powder, ABT root-inducing powder etc.
Water pipe is washed away planting bed rare earth on every side when watering after planting, and makes current carry earth and is the sewage shape, takes the standard that the mud amount should reach the flood outburst.At any time mix described root-inducing powder when washing away, mud is become contain the mixed liquor of root-inducing powder.The volume ratio of earth and water can be 0.1:1～0.2:1 in the mud, and preferably taking the mud amount is every 1m
3Water contains mud 0.15 m
3The mud total amount is sternly being as the criterion the whole fillings in native ball crack, make root system better to contact with soil, be conducive to root system to the absorption again of moisture and nutrition, and the root-inducing powder of sneaking in the mud can be accelerated root system and germinates new root again, be conducive to the formation again of complete root system more, improved the survival rate after planting.
In the described step (2), it is unsuitable long that plastic film swathes the time, especially must remove in 7 days vegetative period.For deciduous tree, generally can adopt the mode that always swathes plastic film, tree body after planting is thoroughly removed described plastic film till sprouting sprouting, but the also rudiment situation again that should note observing trees in conjunction with the growth characteristic of plant season and trees, as passed through normally and should still not have rudiment after the time of rudiment, as not rudiment again in 10 days seasons of growth, then should use the mode that discontinuity swathes instead, in time remove plastic film, about 2 day time at interval, and then swathe plastic film again, so repeatedly, thoroughly remove whole plastic films up to sprouting germinating back, the purpose of this way is to prevent the long-time airtight death by suffocation that causes of bark; For evergreen coniferous tree, then can swathe plastic film always, as one month, begin heavily again to remove described plastic film again till the growth until trees.
Injection liquid used in the described step (3) can comprise trace element and/or the basic element of cell division, inject liquid as commercially available trunk, its main component comprises trace element, the basic element of cell division etc., mainly is to provide required a large amount of nutrition for root growth, and promotes the division of cell.Inject liquid and corresponding infusion set as the trunk that can adopt Shanghai and the photoproduction of Sichuan state to produce, this injection liquid configures usually.
Perhaps, described injection liquid also can be the liquid of configuration voluntarily of combination that comprises one or more compositions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the green god of triple effect and root-growing agent.Be example with the liquid of configuration voluntarily that comprises above-mentioned three kinds of compositions simultaneously, phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen 6g, the green god of triple effect (2 kinds of medicines in every sack, little bag liquid and capsule particle thing) 1 little bag liquid and 1 pouch capsule particle thing, state's light board root-inducing powder (if there is not root-inducing powder, 2 milliliters of replacements of available commercially available taking root liquid) 2.5g and water 1kg mix to blend and form.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate mainly is the effect that increases phosphorus potash fertilizer, satisfies the tree body to the demand of phosphorus potash fertilizer.The green god of triple effect is multi-element fertilizer, can increase tree body resistance, and the multiple green function of strong rejuvenation is arranged, and plays and replies immediately green function soon lacking blade yellow that element and other reasons cause.Root-growing agent is steroids, mainly promotes cell division, after several drugs mixes, under the ruined situation of tree root, can not only satisfy the trees needs of taking root, and satisfies the tree body simultaneously to a certain extent to the requirement of moisture, promotes the root regeneration growth.
Which kind of no matter adopts inject liquid, can beat upwards 45 ° of inclined holes (being hand-hole) by the utensil rugosity with boring respectively at distance ground 30cm and 60cm place, the inclined hole degree of depth should be greater than injection device 1cm, then with in the utensil patchhole, with punching at the bottom of the bottle, prevent that soup from not infiltrating because of vacuum after the bottled insertion.Packed Infusion Bags is hung on top after pouring into soup, boring the orientation of infusing with hand-hole at trunk can be all directions four direction or the north and south both direction of tree bar, infuse simultaneously by different hand-holes, generally the former is used for the bigger trees of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, as the trees more than the 25cm, the latter is used for the following trees of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 25cm, injecting liquid as every strain tree with 2 bags (2 bottles) injects simultaneously from both direction, and the hand-hole of different directions should stagger up and down, special in the bigger trees of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, preferably be on the different level heights.Usually, therefore energy fast Absorption after injection liquid uses should in time observe and inject the liquid situation, in time replenishes, and does not absorb and can remove until setting body.1 bottle generally speaking (1 bag) can all be absorbed in 2 hours, and later infiltration rate is progressively slow, should diligently check this moment, found that myrrh should in time replenish.After branches and leaves recover growth, because new root bears, inject liquid and be not absorbed.Inject that the nondecreasing situation of liquid is next should to stop transfusion checking in 24 hours at interval, and with mud described hand-hole is sealed stopping the transfusion back.
Because the growth characteristic of variety classes trees is different with the adaptive capacity to environmental condition, therefore to different seeds, means to save the situation behind the transplanting spallation ball also is not quite similar, for example survive in order to ensure trees, the blade of all right further pruning trees and/or band leaf branch bar before planting, to reduce the transpiration of moisture, reach the upper and lower equilibrium of tree body.For example, behind the Chinese scholar tree spallation ball, should wipe out tree before planting and go up all band leaf branch bars, take the crack mud grouting after planting, the method that adds root-inducing powder can reach the purpose that trees survive; Wipe out whole blades (most of trees soil ball spallation rear blade is namely withered) after the prunings such as plane tree, silk tree, Chinese wax, persimmon, can reach the effect that young leaves bears in after this 7 days.
Can also set entirely after planting and spray antitranspirant and/or the processing of sheltering from heat or light.For example, for the trees of anti-pruning not such as evergreen coniferous species Chinese pine, cdear, juniper, if plant in spring, because wind is big, moisture loss is serious, should set the sprinkling antitranspirant immediately entirely after planting, preferably sprayed once every 10 days, spray altogether three times, if middle raining, must respray behind the rain, the time that full tree covers antitranspirant should be no less than 30 days.The sprinkling antitranspirant can further reduce the integral body of moisture, reaches the equilibrium up and down of tree body.If plant in summer, serious for diffusing ball, the processing of also will sheltering from heat or light, the described optimal way of handling that shelters from heat or light is: arrange in three in east, south, the west of trees that shade net encloses and, and the top screening is tight, prevent direct light, shade net should remove recession in 1 month.
During the evergreen coniferous tree of the Chinese pine of planting winter, especially serious for native ball spallation, except timely grouting adds root-growing agent and transfusion, also to carry out following processing: lay heating wire at plant pit 50-60cm place, and use the iron pipe built, the brandreth height should surpass more than the trees 30cm, be slightly larger than the tree crown perspective plane with area all around, all tight with the transparent plastic film cover with the top all around, if the heating wire place is by east, south, the west, the north four direction is imbedded thermometer respectively, the energising back was every 4 hours inspection thermometers, and ground temperature just should cut off the power supply if ground temperature reaches 23 ℃ to remain on 20 ℃-25 ℃.And testing soil humidity at any time,, soil moisture just should water laying temperature meter and as far as possible keep the high-temperature air in the canopy if reaching below 30%.If temperature of shed is higher than 20 ℃, method cooling such as should take to shelter from heat or light makes on the ground that temperature is lower than the underground temperature, if middlely find that trees abolish dormancy and begin growth, also cannot stop above-mentioned work, and recession was except plastic tunnel and all measures in general 2 months.
The method core of handling the ball tree that looses winter is to break the trees hibernation fast, and utilize subsurface temperature to go up the key that this tree cuttage of temperature survives above Ground, make a cuttage environment that trees is taken root survive, for example, for cuttage plant with difficult rooting (as Chinese pine etc.), air humidity should reach 90%.Afterwards take root because plant has to germinate earlier, so must wait for guaranteeing to survive after taking root and to finish all measures, guarantee its survival rate.
Described step (1)～(3) are independent separately, and each step may have multiple concrete embodiment, and main and seeds, the time of planting, environmental aspect etc. have relation, visual concrete condition any combination in the practical application.
Should be noted that following item in the work progress: should carry out above-mentioned work immediately after 1, trees are marched into the arena and plant, each step should keep its continuity, therefore should do necessary material in advance and prepare, be preferably in after planting 30 minutes with interior described step (1)～(3) of finishing.2, planting when banketing soil ball surface crack place can not landfill.
The height that the applicant adopts this method to handle is the cdear behind the spallation ball of 6-8m, tree body normal growth, and the heavy slightly cdear of spallation has the pin of falling phenomenon in a period of time, reply growth thereafter.The deciduous tree that employing this method is handled, original leaf is all withered a moment, rapid germinating growth after maximum 7 days.
Claims (8)
1. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball is characterized in that adopting following treatment step: (1) crack that the back adopts the mud that is mixed with root-growing agent to pour into native ball of planting makes it into as a whole; (2) adopt plastic film to swathe until the trunk bottom with reaching trunk portion below the trunk major branch; (3) to the trunk processing of infusing, the consumption of the root-growing agent that described step (1) adopts determines that according to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of nursery stock be specially: the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the nursery stock of 15～20cm, and the consumption of root-growing agent is 20～25g/ strain; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the nursery stock of 20～25cm, the consumption of root-growing agent is 25～30g/ strain, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is the nursery stock of 25～30cm, the consumption of root-growing agent is more than the 30g/ strain, injection liquid used in the described step (3) comprises trace element and/or the basic element of cell division, perhaps comprises the combination of one or more compositions in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the green god of triple effect and the root-growing agent.
2. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball according to claim 1 is characterized in that the volume ratio of earth and water is 0.1:1～0.2:1 in the mud in the described step (1), and the mud total amount is sternly being as the criterion the whole fillings in native ball crack.
3. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step (2), for deciduous tree, adopt to swathe or discontinuity swathes the mode of plastic film always, the tree body after planting is thoroughly removed described plastic film till sprouting sprouting; For evergreen coniferous tree, swathe plastic film always and till trees are restarted growth, remove described plastic film.
4. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that boring the orientation of infusing with hand-hole at trunk in the described step (3) is all directions four direction or the north and south both direction of tree bar, and the hand-hole of different directions is on the different level heights.
5. according to the means to save the situation behind any described big tree transplanting spallation of claim ball among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that blade and/or the band leaf branch bar of planting preceding also further pruning trees.
6. according to the means to save the situation behind any described big tree transplanting spallation of claim ball among the claim 1-4, also set entirely after it is characterized in that planting and spray antitranspirant and/or the processing of sheltering from heat or light.
7. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball according to claim 6 is characterized in that the described mode of handling of sheltering from heat or light is: arrange in three in east, south, the west of trees that shade net encloses and, and the top hidden sternly.
8. the means to save the situation behind the big tree transplanting spallation ball according to claim 6, when it is characterized in that planting winter evergreen coniferous tree, also carry out following processing: be equipped with at plant pit 50～60cm place and ground temperature can be maintained 20～25 ℃ heating wire, and set up can from around and the transparent plastic tunnels of the whole encirclement of end face trees, the ground temperature of control in the plastic tunnel is lower than ground temperature, and control soil moisture meets trees and takes root and survive needs.
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Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN103262775B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-01-07 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Method for planting trees in desert environment |
| CN104686217B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-09-12 | 大连金三元生态园林工程股份有限公司 | The method that transplanting big tree quickly inspires new root |
| CN109168699A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-11 | 木崇凤 | A kind of implantation methods of oblonga |
| CN112136639A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 榆林市林业产业开发中心 | Application of grease in promoting survival and growth of transplanted evergreen big tree |
| CN114987828B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-25 | 山东省林业保护和发展服务中心 | Forest seedling root packaging equipment and using method thereof |
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| CN1579142A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-16 | 王兴祥 | High-servival technology for big tree transplanting |
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| CN101810123A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-08-25 | 张强 | Method for transplanting big tree |
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| CN1579142A (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-16 | 王兴祥 | High-servival technology for big tree transplanting |
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