CN102370127B - Method for industrial production of fresh and alive pollen by centralized growing of male flowers of kiwi fruit - Google Patents
Method for industrial production of fresh and alive pollen by centralized growing of male flowers of kiwi fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102370127B CN102370127B CN2010102620142A CN201010262014A CN102370127B CN 102370127 B CN102370127 B CN 102370127B CN 2010102620142 A CN2010102620142 A CN 2010102620142A CN 201010262014 A CN201010262014 A CN 201010262014A CN 102370127 B CN102370127 B CN 102370127B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for industrial production of fresh and alive pollen by the centralized growing of male flowers of kiwi fruit and solves the problem of flowering asynchronism. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a male plant variety, selecting a male plant garden and a centralized growing method, picking male flowers, collecting anthers, drying pollen, separating anthers and pollen, and filling. When the method is used, the pollen amount is large, adequate pollen source is ensured, the application range is wide, large-scale production can be carried out, pollencan be provided in a large amount for counties producing kiwi fruits in the world; and when the high-quality pollen produced by the method is used for pollination, guarantee is provided for the stable and high yield of fruit trees and the high quality and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of fresh and alive pollen, especially a kind of Kiwi berry male flower concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, solves the flowering asynchronism problem, belongs to agricultural biological technical field.
Background technology
The wooden rattan wood plant of Actinidia has another name called carambola, carambola, bower actinidia root or leaf or Chinese gooseberry.Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is described in Compendium of Material Medica, " its shape such as pears, its look such as peach and macaque happiness food is so there is this name ".Kiwi berry is rich in VC and 17 seed amino acids and plurality of inorganic salt, proteolytic enzyme, actinidine and several mineral materials, again because of its amino acid whose combination matching that contains close to all kinds of amino acid whose combination matching in people's cranial nerve cell, long-term edible, the effect that brain healthy is arranged have " dietotherapy good merchantable brand ", " long-lived fruit ", " king's of fruit " good reputation.
In recent years, demand along with Chinese government's policy guidance and market, along with modern biotechnology, the application of molecular marking technique, the development of China's Kiwi berry industry has entered fast-developing period nineties in last century, Kiwi berry is in the southern and northern place of production of China, the normal male and female florescence annual mid-March to mid-May, and spring, the various places weather was changeable, the Kiwi berry florescence is usually damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, low temperature, overcast and rainy, irresistible various natural calamities such as strong wind threaten, make that male flower is opened evening in the production field, cause the male and female flowering asynchronism, because Kiwi berry is the male and female plant division, male powder directly influences fruit-setting rate, a fruit size, regularity, fruit profile, and taste flavor.Except the natural calamity factor, grower's male and female plant field planting ratio is unreasonable, staminiferous plant skewness, and staminiferous plant variet complexity, and the male flower quality does not ensure etc., directly influences Kiwi berry high yield and quality yet.Take to be stained with hormone partially and increase fruit although the grower is general in process of production, improve output, the tree body life time, economic benefit and social effect still are under some influence, thus select good staminiferous plant kind carry out scale collect produce imperative.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above defective, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: propose a kind of Kiwi berry male flower and concentrate the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, solve the problem of flowering asynchronism.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Kiwi berry male flower concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, has following steps: select staminiferous plant kind, selection plantation staminiferous plant garden and concentrated field planting method, male flower harvesting, flower pesticide collection, pollen oven dry, flower pesticide and pollen separating treatment, can.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower concentrate the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise that further described selections staminiferous plant kind should be growing way prosperous, morning at florescence, spend big and healthy and strong, pollen amount is many, pollen germination rate height, the staminiferous plant kind that affinity power is strong.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower is concentrated the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise that further described selection plantation staminiferous plant garden is for adopting a kind of in south plantation or the local greenhouse gardening.
According to another preferred embodiment, the concentrated plantation of Kiwi berry male flower industrialization is produced fresh and alive pollen method and is comprised that further described local greenhouse gardening is in protection ground, heat by artificially closing canopy in advance, the height of tree control 1.5-2 rice in the booth, adjustment is: from rudiment to florescence, day temperature remains on 10 ℃-25 ℃, remains on night more than 5 ℃; Day temperature control in florescence is at 20 ℃-28 ℃, and control at 10 ℃-15 ℃ night; Humidity control: the relative air humidity to rudiment behind the button canopy should remain on 70-80%, should control at 50%-60% during the florescence.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower is concentrated the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise that further described suitable concentrated field planting method is a kind of in land for growing field crops field planting or the booth field planting.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower is concentrated the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise that further the field planting of described land for growing field crops is that frame is high 1.8 meters, spacing in the rows 2-2.5 rice, line-spacing 2.5-3 rice.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower is concentrated the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise that further described booth field planting can select bush type culture formula or frame formula, spacing in the rows 1.5-2 rice in the high 1.5-1.8 rice of frame, booth, line-spacing 2-2.5 rice.
According to another preferred embodiment, the Kiwi berry male flower is concentrated the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method to comprise further that described flower pesticide is collected as with disintegrating machine the male flower of gathering is smashed, make petal, filigree and and flower pesticide separate, with the manual sieve of 20-50 purpose or motor-vibro screen flower pesticide is sifted out.
According to another preferred embodiment, the concentrated plantation of Kiwi berry male flower industrialization is produced fresh and alive pollen method and is comprised that further described pollen oven dry is for to divide the very thin one deck of flower pesticide on the interlayer board of baking oven, oven temperature 25-32 ℃, baking oven humidity 40-50%, warm-up time 18-35 hour.
According to another preferred embodiment, the concentrated plantation of Kiwi berry male flower industrialization is produced fresh and alive pollen method and is comprised that further described flower pesticide and pollen separating treatment are to adopt the general sieve of 120-200 purpose or automatic bolter, separate flower pesticide and impurity with pollen.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, pollen amount is big, adopts the method to obtain a large amount of fresh and alive pollen, guarantees sufficient pollen source, for the Kiwi berry producer solves a flowering asynchronism difficult problem.
2, use the pollination of high-quality pollen, can effectively improve fruit-setting rate, increase fruit, for stable and high yields, the high-quality of fruit tree with primary guarantee efficiently is provided.Under the normal condition, one jin of flower can be produced 4-5g pollen, and 0.07 hectare produces 280-380 jin male flower, pure pollen 2.5-3.5 jin, and 25-30 gram pollen consumption is pressed in every mu of macaque peach garden, can use for 50-65 mu of ground, calculates the per mu yield value in 12500-17500 unit with 10 yuan of every grams.
3, applied range is used production technology route of the present invention, can large-scale production, and producing country provides pollinia for world's Kiwi berry.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation in conjunction with the preferred embodiments now.
Embodiment 1
(1) at first select tree body growing way prosperous, the florescence is early spent greatly and healthy and strong, and pollen amount is many, pollen germination rate height, the staminiferous plant kind that affinity power is strong;
(2) adopt south plantation and land for growing field crops field planting, because the time at florescence is depended on temperature, southern temperature is higher than the north, and the south florescence is taked the strange land plantation early than the north, and south is produced north and used; The frame of land for growing field crops field planting is high about 1.8 meters, is good with people's leicht fallen D/A of raising one's hand to pick flowers, spacing in the rows 2-2.5 rice, line-spacing 2.5-3 rice;
(3) pluck male flower: gather just budding or half-open or the uncracked flower of standard-sized sheet flower pesticide, the petal pollen of tension discharges irregular, and the pollen germination rate is low, crosses late anther dehiscence, and pollen amount is few;
(4) flower pesticide is collected: with disintegrating machine the male flower of gathering is smashed, make petal, filigree and and flower pesticide separate, sieve or motor-vibro screen sifts out flower pesticide with the 20-50 purpose is manual;
(5) flower pesticide oven dry: the very thin one deck of flower pesticide is divided on the interlayer board of baking oven, about one square metre of about 250 gram, put into baking oven.Oven temperature control is at 25-32 ℃, and baking oven humidity is controlled at 40-50%, according to the humidity situation of flower pesticide self, heats in baking oven 18-35 hour, and flower pesticide namely ftractures, till pollen exposes naturally;
(6) flower pesticide and pollen separating treatment: with the general sieve of 120-200 purpose or automatic bolter, flower pesticide and impurity are separated with pollen;
(7) can is put in clean with dry polybag or the bottle pure fen-ting amount stand-by.
Embodiment 2
In this example, adopt local greenhouse gardening and booth field planting in the step (2): the condition of local greenhouse gardening is, in protection ground, heats by artificially closing canopy in advance, reaches the advance germination growth purpose of blooming.Between the height of tree is controlled 1.5 meters to 2 meters in the booth; Adjustment: to florescence, day temperature remains on 10 ℃-25 ℃, remains on night more than 5 ℃ from rudiment; Day temperature control in florescence must not surpass 30 ℃ at 20 ℃-28 ℃, and control at 10 ℃-15 ℃ night.Humidity control: the relative air humidity to rudiment behind the button canopy should remain on about 70-80%, should control at 50%-60% during the florescence.The booth field planting method can be selected bush type culture formula or frame formula, and the frame height can be at 1.5-1.8 rice.Spacing in the rows 1.5-2 rice in the booth, line-spacing 2-2.5 rice.All the other step conditions are with embodiment 1 in this example procedure.
Be enlightenment with above-mentioned foundation desirable embodiment of the present invention, by above-mentioned description, the related work personnel can carry out various change and modification fully in the scope that does not depart from this invention technological thought.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on the specification, must determine its technical scope according to the claim scope.
Claims (4)
1. a Kiwi berry male flower concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, it is characterized in that: have following steps: select staminiferous plant kind, selection plantation staminiferous plant garden and concentrated field planting method, male flower harvesting, flower pesticide collection, pollen oven dry, flower pesticide and pollen separating treatment, can;
It is prosperous that described selection staminiferous plant kind should be growing way, and the florescence is early spent big and stalwartness, and pollen amount is many, pollen germination rate height, the staminiferous plant kind that affinity is strong;
Described selection plantation staminiferous plant garden is for adopting a kind of in south plantation or the local greenhouse gardening;
Described concentrated field planting method is a kind of in land for growing field crops field planting or the booth field planting;
Described flower pesticide is collected as with disintegrating machine the male flower of gathering is smashed, and petal, filigree and flower pesticide are separated, and with the manual sieve of 20-50 purpose or motor-vibro screen flower pesticide is sifted out;
Described pollen is dried to the very thin one deck of flower pesticide is divided on the interlayer board of baking oven, and oven temperature 25-32 ℃, baking oven humidity 40-50%, warm-up time 18-35 hour;
Described flower pesticide and pollen separating treatment are separated flower pesticide and impurity for adopting the general sieve of 120-200 purpose or automatic bolter with pollen.
2. Kiwi berry male flower according to claim 1 concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, it is characterized in that: described local greenhouse gardening is in protection ground, heat by artificially closing canopy in advance, the height of tree control 1.5-2 rice in the booth, adjustment is: from rudiment to florescence, day temperature remains on 10 ℃-25 ℃, remains on night more than 5 ℃; Day temperature control in florescence is at 20 ℃-28 ℃, and control at 10 ℃-15 ℃ night; Humidity control: the relative air humidity to rudiment behind the button canopy should keep 70-80%, should control at 50%-60% during the florescence.
3. Kiwi berry male flower according to claim 1 concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, and it is characterized in that: the field planting of described land for growing field crops is that frame is high 1.8 meters, spacing in the rows 2-2.5 rice, line-spacing 2.5-3 rice.
4. Kiwi berry male flower according to claim 1 concentrates the plantation industrialization to produce fresh and alive pollen method, and it is characterized in that: described booth field planting is bush type culture formula or frame formula, spacing in the rows 1.5-2 rice in the high 1.5-1.8 rice of frame, booth, line-spacing 2-2.5 rice.
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| CN2010102620142A CN102370127B (en) | 2010-08-25 | 2010-08-25 | Method for industrial production of fresh and alive pollen by centralized growing of male flowers of kiwi fruit |
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| CN2010102620142A CN102370127B (en) | 2010-08-25 | 2010-08-25 | Method for industrial production of fresh and alive pollen by centralized growing of male flowers of kiwi fruit |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907528B (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2016-05-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of control type Kiwi berry pollinating method and special pollination device thereof |
| CN103082163A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-05-08 | 严斯文 | Method for processing chestnut flower powder |
| CN103418478B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-01-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Multifunctional fruit tree flower deep processing device for extracting anthers from fruit tree flowers |
| CN103493725B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-15 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Fructus actinidiae chinensis artificial pollination method and Kiwi fruit pollen used prepare method |
| CN104770289A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-07-15 | 四川中新农业科技有限公司 | Method for making pollen and pollinating flowers under large-scale planting condition |
| CN110800605A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-18 | 贵州省山地农业机械研究所 | Kiwi pollen separation process |
| CN111420084B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-24 | 贵阳学院 | Method for killing pathogenic bacteria (PSA) of kiwi fruit pollen canker in vacuum by using low-temperature microwaves |
| CN112126617A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2020-12-25 | 陕西佰瑞猕猴桃研究院有限公司 | Production process of kiwi pollen |
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| CN1079367A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-15 | 四川大学 | The new method that edible pollen is made |
| CN1415189A (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2003-05-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for high performance collective breeding non-nuclear grape with disease resistant capability |
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