CN102344200B - In-situ bioremediation method of marine pollutant sedimentary environment - Google Patents
In-situ bioremediation method of marine pollutant sedimentary environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ bioremediation method of a marine pollutant sedimentary environment. The method comprises steps that: a long dam is constructed at a remediation area which is a tidal flat with heavy-metal pollution or with a high eutrophication degree; mechanical plowing is carried out upon the tidal flat; suaeda heteroptera artificial sowing and colonization are carried out at the remediation area in spring; fermented, dried and crushed livestock and poultry organic fertilizer is applied to the remediation area before lobworm seedlings are transplanted; and lobworm seedlings of above 10 setigers are transplanted into the remediation area. According to the invention, with lobworm and suaeda heteroptera, a lobworm-suaeda heteroptera in-situ combined bioremediation system is constructed. Through the reformation upon the tidal flat, appropriate conditions are provided for the growth of lobworm and suaeda heteroptera. Lobworm has an advantage that in a sedimentary environment, pollutants such as heavy metals can be biologically utilized by lobworm. With the method provided by the invention, the advantage is reinforced, such that the bioavailability and the biological enrichment processes of the pollutants are promoted in suaeda heteroptera. Therefore, mutual ecological and metabolic pathway complementation of lobworm and suaeda heteroptera in the sedimentary environment is realized, such that the efficiency of the in-situ combined bioremediation process is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of curbing environmental pollution, particularly administer the method for Marine Environmental Pollution.
Background technology
Because coast town industry and the discharging of sanitary sewage and the development of mariculture industry are coated with offshore beach and pollute seriously, particularly carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication problem.There is no at present big area effectively and administer the method for this pollution problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of strong adaptability, bioavailability high, can big area administer the biology in situ renovation method of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment.The present invention mainly is: set up clam worm-Suaeda heteroptera in-situ combination biological restoration system, allow namely clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera are grown, metabolism in contaminated Oceanic Sedimentary Environments, they carry out Oceanic Sedimentary Environments again the method that biology in situ is repaired simultaneously.
Particular content of the present invention is as follows:
1, repairing the district transforms: construct causeway being subjected to the high beach of heavy metal contamination or Eutrophic Extent namely to repair the district, preferably repair the district's lower limit boundary of bank (namely away from) and construct high 10 cm～20 cm causewaies; And the beach in the causeway is carried out machinery turn over, preferably pine soil depth is built the beach sedimentary environment that is conducive to the latent residence of clam worm greater than 30 cm.
2, repair district's beach face plantation Suaeda heteroptera: carry out the Suaeda heteroptera artificial seeding, build the group in the reparation district spring.Preferably thickness of sowing is 1kg/ mu～2kg/ mu; The beach face temperature is 3～4 ℃ during sowing, substrate 5cm, and soil temperature is approximately-2 ℃.
3, repair district's fertilising: move grow the clam worm seed before, in the best week, execute through fermentation, shine the fowl poultry kind fertilizer that dry doubling pulverizes to repairing district's beach face by 450～750kg/ hectare, best 30-50 order, this fertilizer accounts for 1%～5% of sediment quality per-cent, its method of calculation are unit surface (in 1 square metre) sampling, calculate fertilizer and sediment quality ratio after separating.
4, throw in the clam worm seed: move into the clam worm seed more than the 10 firm joints to above-mentioned reparation district, preferably throwing in density is 150,000/hectare～450,000/hectare.This clam worm seed is the Nereidae perinereis aibuhitensis that encloses Nereis, multiple toothly encloses clam worm, or the Japan thorn clam worm of thorn Nereis.
5, repair district's management: repair to distinguish to forbid manually adopting and catch clam worm and destroy the fluffy vegetation of beach surface thorn alkali.Be after spring tide arrives, to carry out the beach face inspection again, find that the thorn alkali that destroys by rush of water is fluffy, in time reseed.
Bioremediation technology can be divided into biology in situ reparation and heterotopic biological reparation.Biology in situ renovation method is fit to the improvement of pollution in wide area, and has and need move not that deposition matter, cost are low, simple operation and other advantages.Coastal in northern China, tideland, river mouth tidal flat biota vegetation are Typical Representative mainly with Suaeda heteroptera, have indomitable vitality, high force of labor and expansion advantage.The assurance that these characteristics provide pioneer plant germ plasm resource for protection and the restoration of the ecosystem of marine marsh.Simultaneously, organic abundant in the beach deposition matter of its distribution, soil aeration, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, this comprehensive effect of improving the soil has formed again the habitat that is conducive to the polychetes clam worm, and the clam worm biomass is risen by a relatively large margin.On the other hand, clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera have stronger accumulation ability and tolerance to multiple typical pollutant, especially, clam worm can make indissoluble attitude heavy metallic activation by multiple mechanism in heavy-metal contaminated soil be solubilised state and the Yi Rong attitude that is conducive to plant absorbing, improve plant to the bioavailability of heavy metal, and by improving available nutrient content in the soil, promote the Suaeda heteroptera growth, significantly improve the repairing effect of plant.Therefore, will be distributed widely in northern China river mouth tidal flat, wetland peculiar sociales perinereis aibuhitensis (
Perinereis aibuhitensisGrube) and Suaeda heteroptera (
Suaeda heteropteraKitag) recover and deposition habitat rehabilitation monoid as Biological resources, on the one hand, have important economic implications, form sustainable use and the development mode of beach clam worm, Suaeda heteroptera biological resources, consist of the important composition of low-carbon (LC) fishery; On the other hand, make up, develop in-situ combination biological restoration system and correlation engineering enhancements thereof, make it to become the important carbon remittance of sea, land, river mouth ecotone sedimentary environment, can carry out habitat rehabilitation to eutrophication (C, N, P), with serious pollution beach deposition matter, for China's beach, shallow sea and wetland pollution deposit matter are recovered and reconstruction provides effective way.
The present invention has following advantage: the present invention adopts clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera to make up clam worm-Suaeda heteroptera in-situ combination biological restoration system, by various beach improvement project enhancements, keep intending repairing clam worm and the productivity of Suaeda heteroptera population and the suitable condition of development thereof in the beach; Strengthen clam worm advantage to activating such as pollutents such as heavy metals in sedimentary environment, thereby promote Suaeda heteroptera to the bioavailability of pollutent, and the biomagnification process.Realize clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera each other the ecology cooperation in sedimentary environment and pathways metabolism complementation, thereby improve the efficient of in-situ combination biological restoration process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation of perinereis aibuhitensis dry weight and weight in wet base among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is access clam worm Suaeda heteroptera over-ground part copper accumulation figure among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is clam worm of the present invention affects figure to what Suaeda heteroptera over-ground part copper was accumulated.
Fig. 4 is clam worm of the present invention affects figure to what Suaeda heteroptera underground part copper was accumulated.
Fig. 5 is that clam worm of the present invention is on the figure that affects of effective copper content in the sedimentary soil.
Fig. 6 is the biomagnification figure of clam worm of the present invention under sedimentary soil different Cu concentration.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1000 mu of physical features selecting two estrade river mouths, Panshan County, Liaoning Province to be positioned at Liaodong Wan are smooth, can naturally receive tide more than 4 times, suitable Suaeda heteroptera growth near river mouth, large flood tide, and are rich in organic middle climax beach as repairing the district.This beach, reparation district Tu total organic carbon (TOC) content changes variation range 8.28mg/g～19.02mg/g because season is different; The total phosphorous variation range is 0.37mg/g～0.53 mg/g; Total nitrogen content 0.512mg/g.
Construct high 10 cm causewaies at above-mentioned reparation district lower limit; And the beach in the causeway is carried out machinery turn over, pine soil depth needs greater than 30 cm.And start to repair mid-March in next year and carry out the Suaeda heteroptera artificial seeding when top layer, district begins to thaw, broadcasting sowing density is 1kg/ mu.The beach face temperature is 3 ℃ during sowing, substrate 5cm, and soil temperature is approximately-2 ℃.Grow the clam worm seed and execute through fermentation, shine the fowl poultry kind fertilizer that dry doubling pulverized 30 mesh sieves to repairing district's beach face by the 450kg/ hectare in the last week moving, this fertilizer accounts for 1% of sediment quality.Rear at dusk to the perinereis aibuhitensis seed more than the above-mentioned reparation district immigration 10 firm joints in the beach ebb, input density is 150,000/hectare.Then just carry out conventional management, namely repair to distinguish to forbid manually adopting and catch clam worm and destroy the fluffy vegetation of beach surface thorn alkali.Be after spring tide arrives, to carry out the beach face inspection again, find that the thorn alkali that destroys by rush of water is fluffy, in time reseed.
The evaluation of clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera Biological resources population: choose the test beach and carry out clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera density and Investigation on biomass spring in next year (May), summer (August) and autumn (October).Investigation arranges 3 erect-positions altogether.Every erect-position all adopts 0.25m * 0.25m * 0.30m sample boxes to take a sample 4 times, and quantitative assay is done in the screening of via hole diameter 1mm sub-sieve.According to clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera mean density (N, ind/m
2) and average individual weight amount (W, g), estimation clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera turnout.
The content of clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera C, N, P: get that the perinereis aibuhitensis of beach collection and Suaeda heteroptera carry out weight in wet base and the dry weight relation is measured, the result shows, clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera stem organization ratio are respectively 24.8% and 23.3%; Organize dry weight to carry out biochemical analysis to clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera and show, clam worm organizes N in the dry weight, P and C content to be respectively 81.3mg/g, 0.58mg/g and 346mg/g; Suaeda heteroptera organizes N in the dry weight, P and C content to be respectively: 25.6mg/g, 0.16mg/g and 375mg/g.See table:
The biochemical composition of subordinate list 1 perinereis aibuhitensis and Suaeda heteroptera organism
In addition in the graph of a relation of perinereis aibuhitensis dry weight of the present invention shown in Figure 1 and weight in wet base, dry weight (dw) g of unit, weight in wet base (ww) g of unit, regression relation: dw=0.2578ww-0.0098, R
2=0.9216.
The present invention tests and shows, by clam worm annual production average out to 44kg/ mu, and Suaeda heteroptera output average out to 106.7kg/ mu; Can extrapolate the 1000 mu of clam worms in whole test site, Suaeda heteroptera resource ultimate production is respectively 44000kg and 106700kg.Clam worm is respectively the Annual accumulation of C, N, P:
Carbon: 44kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 24.8% * 34.6%=3775.55kg;
Nitrogen: 44kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 24.8% * 8.13%=887.15kg;
Phosphorus: 44kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 24.8% * 0.058%=6.33kg;
Suaeda heteroptera is respectively the Annual accumulation of C, N, P:
Carbon: 106.7kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 23.3% * 37.5%=9322.9kg;
Nitrogen: 106.7kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 23.3% * 2.56%=636.44kg;
Phosphorus: 106.7kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 23.3% * 0.016%=3.98kg;
The two can turnout form accumulation test site beach soil carbon add up to 13098.45kg; Nitrogen 1523.59kg; Phosphorus 10.31kg.
Example 2
Get two estrade river mouths, Panshan County, Liaoning Province and be positioned at Liaodong Wan beach top layer 0-30cm deposition matter, its indices is as follows: Ph=8.3, heavy metal copper 30.068mg/kg, cadmium 0.224mg/kg, plumbous 10.125mg/kg, zinc 42.765mg/kg, organic 3.67%, total nitrogen 0.07% is processed the heavy metal test with it.
In this test soil, apply the fowl poultry kind fertilizer that pulverized 50 mesh sieves through fermentation, solarization dry doubling.Take by weighing the air-dry deposition matter that grinds of 0.5kg in plastic tub alms bowl (diameter 10cm), according to " oceanic sediment quality standard " (GB 18668-2002), respectively with CuSO
4Form adds 0mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, the bivalent cupric ion (Cu of 400mg/kg
2+), the Indoor Dry wet alternate was cultivated 1 month, reach balance after, transplant the Suaeda heteroptera shoot (every basin 20 strains) with 6 true leaves, and in every basin 2 of access clam worms, mean body weight is 1.5g; Take the respective handling that do not access clam worm as contrast; Cultivate in the illumination box, culture condition is: illumination every day 14 hours, and light intensity 8800Lux, day temperature are 22 ℃, and night, temperature was 18 ℃, and 4 weeks of growth gather in the crops.Every day, the dilute seawater with 1.5% watered twice, kept deposition matter to keep about 70% of beach water capacity, tested each treatment group and established 20 repetitions.During off-test, the results Suaeda heteroptera is measured respectively Suaeda heteroptera over-ground part and underground part bivalent cupric ion (Cu
2+) content, N, P content in over-ground part and underground part plant fresh weight and dry weight and the Suaeda heteroptera body; Get simultaneously each treatment group deposition quality sample, measure available state copper content in the deposition matter, pH value and effective N, P content.Clam worm every 2d sampling is once got clam worm 3 tails at every turn at random, and after its weight in wet base of weighing, drying is weighed, digested, measure clam worm body copper content with atom flame absorption method after the neutralization, constant volume.Copper accumulation is mapped with the time.
The present invention's test shows:
1, clam worm can significantly promote Suaeda heteroptera to bivalent cupric ion (Cu
2+) accumulate.In not accessing clam worm group, the Suaeda heteroptera underground part is accumulated average out to 115.91mg/kg to copper, and extreme value is 92.59
+8.63mg/kg and 189.0
+48.53mg/kg; In access clam worm group, Suaeda heteroptera underground part copper is accumulated average out to 237.99mg/kg, and variation range is 127.1
+6.8mg/kg～429.9
+15.6mg/kg; The copper that access clam worm Suaeda heteroptera underground part is accumulated on average will exceed 122.07mg/kg, and the two shows utmost point significant difference (P＜0.01), referring to accompanying drawing 3,4.Equally, the access clam worm also can significantly increase the Suaeda heteroptera over-ground part to the accumulating of copper, and does not access clam worm, Suaeda heteroptera copper content average out to 39.06mg/kg, variation range 17.85
+1.304mg/kg～63.69
+4.798mg/kg; The access clam worm, it on average is 99.33mg/kg that Suaeda heteroptera over-ground part copper is accumulated, extreme value is 48.64
+4.024mg/kg and 134.9
+22.90mg/kg, also exceed 60.27mg/kg, also show utmost point significant difference (P＜0.01) between the two, referring to accompanying drawing 2.
2, the bioturbation of clam worm can promote Suaeda heteroptera to the bioavailability of heavy metal.Clam worm is to CaCl in the sedimentary soil
2The impact of-Cu and DTPA-Cu content is referring to accompanying drawing 5: DTPA-Cu content all raises and increases with processing concentration in the soil; Do not access clam worm, each treatment group soil DTPA-Cu average out to 34.573mg/kg, extreme value is 1.292
+0.31mg/kg～79.94
+6.2mg/kg maximum is present under the copper 400mg/kg condition; The access clam worm, DTPA-Cu average out to 31.72mg/kg changes in 1.662 in the soil
+0.011mg/kg and 58.59
+4.60.Though both differences have no significantly, under the 200mg/kg treatment condition, the access clam worm is organized to be higher than and is not accessed clam worm group 9.57mg/kg.
Clam worm is to CaCl in the soil
2The impact of-Cu content is then extremely remarkable, referring to accompanying drawing 5.By accompanying drawing 5 as seen, soil CaCl
2-Cu content also increases with the concentration for the treatment of rising of copper.Under access clam worm condition, CaCl in the soil
2-Cu content average out to 0.531mg/kg, extreme value is 0.209mg/kg and 0.751mg/kg; Do not access clam worm, CaCl
2-Cu average out to 0.397mg/kg changes between 0.194mg/kg～0.569mg/kg; All in all, access clam worm exchange state Cu concentration does not more access and exceeds 0.01mg/kg～0.18mg/kg.There is significant difference (P＜0.01) in the two.
3, in soil different concns bivalent cupric ion (Cu
2+) under the treatment condition, clam worm is in time to bivalent cupric ion (Cu
2+) variation tendency accumulated is referring to accompanying drawing 6.By accompanying drawing 6 as seen, under the different treatment concentration clam worm to copper accumulate the summit time similarity, all reached in about the 18th day in test and accumulate highest level, but accumulation then is proportionate with Soil Copper concentration.Accumulating the summit, bivalent cupric ion (Cu in each concentration for the treatment of clam worm body
2+) accumulate and reach respectively 72.66mg/kg, 85.76mg/kg and 96.66mg/kg; Be respectively 3 times～7 times of control group.Wherein, under the soil treatment concentration 400mg/L, accumulating concentration is 96.66mg/kg, and visible clam worm is to bivalent cupric ion (Cu
2+) accumulate along with concentration for the treatment of raises and increases.By Fig. 5 data, can calculate the bioconcentration coefficient (BCF) that clam worm accumulates copper and accumulate maximum accumulation (C under the equilibrium state
Amax, mg/kg), the result sees table:
?
| Concentration (mg/kg) | 100 | 200 | 400 |
| BCF | 1.28 | 0.78 | 0.36 |
| C Amax(mg/kg) | 58.62 | 71.45 | 82.44 |
As seen from the above table, (be respectively 2 times of oceanogenic sedimentation matter Equations of The Second Kind standard, the 3rd class standard and super oceanogenic sedimentation matter the 3rd class standards) in sedimentary soil copper 100mg/kg～400mg/kg scope, clam worm is to the maximum accumulation average out to 70.84mg/kg of copper.
By the above results, according to test site tidal flat clam worm output 44kg/ mu, Suaeda heteroptera output 106.7kg/ mu, when soil copper content is 200mg/kg(oceanogenic sedimentation matter Equations of The Second Kind standard) time, accumulate maximum accumulation 71.45mg/kg and the average accumulation 168.66mg/kg of Suaeda heteroptera of balance in clam worm, whole demonstration area (1000 mu) clam worm to the accumulation of copper is: 44kkg/ mu * 1000 mu * 24.8% * 71.45mg/kg ÷ 1000=779.66g; Suaeda heteroptera to the accumulation volume of copper is: 106.7kg/ mu * 1000 mu * 23.3% * 168.66mg/kg ÷ 1000=4193.7 g.It is 4972.73g that the two total can be accumulated heavy metal copper.It may be noted that, under this kind situation, clam worm and Suaeda heteroptera should not gathered in the crops as fishery products, and its turnout can be taked the post processing modes such as burning, big scale spatial dispersion or landfill, and the heavy metal content that makes it to be discharged into again in the environment is lower than environmental background value level (safety standards).
Claims (9)
1. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a pollution of the sea sedimentary environment is characterized in that:
1), constructs causeway, and the beach in the causeway is carried out machinery turn over being subjected to the high beach of heavy metal contamination or Eutrophic Extent namely to repair the district;
2), carry out the Suaeda heteroptera artificial seeding, build the group in the reparation district spring;
3), grow clam worm seed forward direction reparation district beach face and apply through fermentation, shine the fowl poultry kind fertilizer that dry doubling pulverizes moving,
4), to the clam worm seed more than the above-mentioned reparation district immigration 10 firm joints.
2. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: distinguish lower limit in reparation and namely construct high 10 cm～20 cm causewaies away from the boundary on bank.
3. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: pine soil depth is greater than 30 cm.
4. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: Suaeda heteroptera artificial seeding density is 1kg/ mu～2kg/ mu.
5. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the beach face temperature is 3～4 ℃ during the Suaeda heteroptera artificial seeding, substrate 5cm, soil temperature-2 ℃.
6. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: grow clam worm seed organic fertilizer in the last week moving.
7. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 6 is characterized in that: distinguish the beach face organic fertilizer by 450～750kg/ hectare to repairing.
8. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: this fertilizer accounts for 1%～5% of sediment quality per-cent.
9. the original position compound bio restorative procedure of a kind of pollution of the sea sedimentary environment according to claim 8 is characterized in that: it is 150,000/hectare～450,000/hectare that the clam worm seed is thrown in density.
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| CN103098764A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for purifying solid waste in sea cucumber factory-like seedling protecting-cultivating pool by utilization of clam worms |
| CN104028549B (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2016-01-20 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | The method of pionner and the oil pollution of clam worm associating in-situ immobilization on tidal flat |
| CN103776969B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-01-20 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | A kind of method that Heavy Metal Ecological toxicity in water body deposit is evaluated |
| CN104478179A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for treating dredging bottom sludge with nereis |
| CN107787634A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-13 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method |
| CN111373995B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Planting method and application of suaeda salsa on coastal beach saline land |
| CN115739972A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-07 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for efficient comprehensive restoration and remediation of polluted beach |
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| CN1821100A (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2006-08-23 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Vehicle/boat carried multi-function spreading device for removing lake or marine algalbloom and ecological repair |
| CN101580302A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of sphagna macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
| CN101580301A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of porphyry macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
| CN101786713A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-07-28 | 泉州师范学院 | Emergency restoring process for pollution of water body, substrate sludge and mud flat by heavy metal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1821100A (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2006-08-23 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Vehicle/boat carried multi-function spreading device for removing lake or marine algalbloom and ecological repair |
| CN101580302A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of sphagna macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
| CN101580301A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of porphyry macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
| CN101786713A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-07-28 | 泉州师范学院 | Emergency restoring process for pollution of water body, substrate sludge and mud flat by heavy metal |
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