CN102324497A - A kind of graphene-supported carbon coats the preparation method of the lithium cell cathode material of tin antimony - Google Patents
A kind of graphene-supported carbon coats the preparation method of the lithium cell cathode material of tin antimony Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of graphene-supported carbon and coat the preparation method of tin pewter particle as cathode material of lithium-ion power battery; Be to be raw material with stannic chloride, antimony chloride, sodium borohydride, natural graphite powder; Peel off legal system through chemical oxidation and be equipped with graphene oxide; Vapour deposition process coats the Sn-Sb alloy particle, finally forms graphene-supported carbon and coats the tin pewter particle composite material, and this method key is at first to form graphene oxide load Sn-Sb alloy particle presoma; Again through acetylene gas reduction graphene oxide; Coat one deck carbon on Sn-Sb alloy particle surface simultaneously, belong to the coating of vapour deposition process and carbon and carry out simultaneously, can know that through electro-chemical test this novel graphite alkene load carbon coats the tin pewter particle composite material and has the potentiality that are applied to lithium-ion-power cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical oxidation and peel off method and vapour deposition process, specifically, peel off legal system through chemical oxidation exactly and be equipped with graphene oxide, vapour deposition process coating Sn-Sb alloy particle, finally form graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material.This method key is at first to form graphene oxide load Sn-Sb alloy particle presoma, through acetylene gas reduction graphene oxide, coats one deck carbon on Sn-Sb alloy particle surface simultaneously again; Vapour deposition process and carbon coat and carry out simultaneously, finally are prepared into novel graphite alkene composite material.The invention belongs to the cathode material of lithium-ion power battery preparing technical field.
Background technology
In recent years; A new generation's hybrid vehicle (HEV) and pure electric automobile (EV) receive publicity day by day; Lithium ion battery as its power equally also becomes hot technology; In order to adapt to the needs of high power electric motor car, the material that preparation should be able to be born high current charge-discharge has mutually become key technology, can must have higher conductivity, bigger specific area, Li faster as dynamic material
+Advantage such as diffusion rate and stability of structure.And transiens metal and oxide thereof such as cobalt class, tin class, antimony class, nickel class etc. since its high-energy-density all receive publicity always; But these metal materials embed owing to lithium ion and deviate from the rapid change that can cause volume own in the process; Reach as high as about 3 times of original volume like the tin class; Can make the rapid avalanche of structure in cyclic process of entire electrode material like this; In order to limit this drawback, other limit the buffer volumes variation like technology such as CNT encapsulation, carbon coating, nucleocapsid or template lambda limiting process general using, and can improve the cycle performance of electrode material.
Graphene (Graphene nanosheets, GNS) be found in 2004 can stable existence two-dimentional material with carbon element, it has very high specific area, conductivity and thermal stability, has the potentiality that are applied to the lithium ion battery aspect.About the tin pewter material, study morely, improve the cycle performance and the lithium storage content of tin pewter through the Different control method, S.A. Needham etc. utilizes NaBH
4Reduction obtains the Sn-Sb alloy particle of 50-100 nm; Mix with carbon black, find content of carbon black when reaching 50%, the active material reversible specific capacity reaches 800 mAh/g; Be stabilized in (Journal of Alloys and Compounds about 580 mAh/g after circulation 50 circles; 2005,40,234 – 238); Min-Sik Park etc. are through carbon nanotube loaded Sn-Sb alloy material; Its reversible specific capacity still remains on 480 mAh/g (Chemistry of Materials after circulation 50 circles; 2007,19,2406-2410); Have good cycle performance, CNT has played the effect of buffering and the volumetric expansion of restriction Sn-Sb alloy; Zhong Wang etc. has prepared Sn-Sb nanosphere (the Journal of Alloys and Compounds of particle diameter between 100-300 nm; 2007,439,350 – 354); Reversible specific capacity still remains on 566 mAh/g at 701 mAh/g after circulation 20 circles first; Wei Xiang Chen etc. are through CNT encapsulation SnSb
0.5The electrode material reversible specific capacity that obtains is 518 mAh/g, still keeps 67.2% original (Carbon, 2003,41,959 – 966) after circulation 30 circles; In addition, can further improve the energy density of carbon electrode material, and various material with carbon element can significantly improve cycle performance, first charge-discharge enclosed pasture efficient of metal alloy compositions etc. through the carried metal alloy material.And the vapour deposition process condition is controlled easily, and the material homogeneous has the potentiality of batch process, also plays facilitation to further being applied to lithium-ion-power cell simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that with stannic chloride, antimony chloride, sodium borohydride, natural graphite powder be raw material; Peel off legal system through chemical oxidation and be equipped with graphene oxide; Vapour deposition process coats the Sn-Sb alloy particle, finally forms graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material, and this method key is at first to form graphene oxide load Sn-Sb alloy particle presoma; Through acetylene gas reduction graphene oxide, coat one deck carbon on Sn-Sb alloy particle surface simultaneously again.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme.
A kind of graphene-supported carbon of the present invention coats the preparation method of the lithium cell cathode material of tin pewter particle, it is characterized in that having following technical process and step:
A. take by weighing a certain amount of natural graphite powder ice-water bath and keep 0 ℃ of lower magnetic force to stir, add the HNO of a certain amount of concentration 65% earlier
3And the H of concentration 98%
2SO
4, add a certain amount of KMnO again
4, be warming up to 30-40 ℃ of reaction 2-3 h; Be warming up to 70-90 ℃ of reaction 1-2 h again; Obtain black colloidal material after adding 300-500 ml ultra-pure water dilution concentrated acid; 30% H that adds 10-20 ml again
2O
2And 10% HCl of 100-150 ml cleaning, get brown yellow solution; Centrifugal water is washed till neutrality; 50-60 ℃ of following air drying gets graphene oxide; Wherein the natural graphite powder consumption is between 1-2 g, simultaneously natural graphite powder and KMnO
4The consumption mass ratio between 1:4-1:6; Dense HNO
3Consumption between 80-100 ml, and 65% concentration HNO
3With 98% concentration H
2SO
4The consumption volume ratio between 1:1-1:3;
B. get the ethanolic solution that a certain amount of stannic chloride, antimony chloride are mixed with certain volume respectively, mix after fully stirring colorless cleared solution; Get the ultrasonic 1-2 h of a certain amount of above-mentioned graphene oxide simultaneously and be dispersed in the aqueous solution, must be gelatinous dark solution, and it is joined above-mentioned achromaticity and clarification mixed solution, obtain the dark solution of homogeneous; Preparation NaBH
4The aqueous solution adds in the above-mentioned precursor solution; Ice-water bath keeps temperature to react 1-2 h down for 0-5 ℃ down, and reaction finishes the back centrifugal water and is washed till neutrality; 50-60 ℃ of following vacuumize gets black powder;
C. above-mentioned black powder is placed tube furnace, heating rate 5-10 ℃/min, air-flow 50-100 sccm, 500-550 ℃ of following C
2H
2Gas reduction 1-3 h promptly gets end product; Wherein the mol ratio consumption of stannic chloride and antimony chloride is between 3:1-4:1; The quality amount ratio of stannic chloride and graphene oxide is between 1:1-1:6; Stannic chloride, antimony chloride ethanolic solution, NaBH
4The concentration of the aqueous solution is respectively between 0.006-0.01 M and 0.001-0.005 M, 0.008-0.015 M.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) collection of illustrative plates of graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material.
Fig. 2 is ESEM (SEM) photo of graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material.
Fig. 3 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material.
Fig. 4 is graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material (0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, charging and discharging capacity cycle performance figure 5C) under different current ratios.
Embodiment
After specific embodiment of the present invention being described at present.
Embodiment 1
Get in the flask of 2g natural graphite powder adding 1000mL, flask is placed frozen water, ice-water bath maintains the temperature at about 0 ℃, adds 80mlHNO earlier
3(65%), carries out magnetic agitation 10min then, add 120mlH again
2SO
4(98%), stir 1h, about 20 ℃ of temperature slowly add 10gKMnO
4, avoid temperature sharply to rise, temperature remains on 35 ℃, adds KMnO
4After carry out magnetic agitation 2h, add the 400ml ultra-pure water then, obtain black colloidal material, add the H of 40ml30% again
2O
2, solution is pale brown look, and the HCl that adds 100ml10% cleans, centrifugation, rotating speed is about: 15000-18000rpm, clean 3 times with ultra-pure water, be neutral until sample, carry out drying at last, obtain graphene oxide.
Obtain with final theory that the mass ratio of Sn-Sb alloy and Graphene is that 2:1 prepares reaction raw materials in the graphene-supported Sn-SbC product.Elder generation's preparing A solution: 0.009M SnCl
4Be dissolved in magnetic agitation in the 20 ml absolute ethyl alcohols, fully dissolving.Prepare B solution again: with 0.003M SbCl
3Be dissolved in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 20 ml magnetic agitation, fully dissolving.Then B is added drop-wise among the A, magnetic agitation is settled solution.Ultrasonic being distributed in the 10 ml deionized waters of graphene oxide that 0.056 g is above-mentioned in addition, and join in the above-mentioned A:B mixed solution; Stir 1h, ultrasonic 30min fully dissolves, and is pulpous state; Prepare C solution again: with 0.012M NaBH
4Be dissolved in the 20ml ultra-pure water, and in the pulpous state solution that obtains above it is added drop-wise to; In ice-water bath, stir, keep temperature below 3 ℃ (be no more than 5 ℃ situation under) in 30min, to dropwise stirring reaction 2 hours.Centrifugal then, washing is to neutral; 65 ℃ of following vacuumize 12h; Then sample is placed tube furnace, heating rate 5-10 ℃/min, C
2H
2Air-flow 50-100sccm uses C under 500 ℃
2H
2Gas reduction 2h promptly gets graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material.
The preparation of electrode and test thereof
The preparation of electrode is that (polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF) weight ratio is set at 8:1:1 with above-mentioned composite material active material, conductive agent (carbon black) and binding agent; With N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is that solvent is processed pulpous state with electrode material; Be applied on the copper sheet of light, vacuumize 85 ℃ of dry 10h and get final product.As to electrode, electrolyte is the lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF of 1M with the lithium sheet
6), solvent is that weight ratio is ethylene carbonate and the divinyl carbonate mixed liquor of 1:1.Measuring current density is 0.1C, 0.5C, and 1C, 2C and 5C, wherein 1C equals 800 mA/g, and the test voltage scope is 0.005-3V.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 1: through analyze learn product be the higher graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material of degree of crystallinity (the Sn phase, corresponding standard sample JCPDS 04-0673 and SnSb mutually, corresponding standard sample JCPDS 33-0018).Accompanying drawing 2 is its SEM photo: can find out graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material, Graphene presents diaphanous film, and the Sn-Sb alloy is evenly dispersed in the surfaces externally and internally of Graphene, and particle diameter is between 50-150nm.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of Fig. 3 graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material for this enforcement makes; The Sn-Sb alloy particle is evenly dispersed in the Graphene surfaces externally and internally; And can find out clearly that Sn-Sb alloy particle surface coats one deck carbon, it obtains for vapour deposition.Fig. 4 is graphene-supported Sn-SbC composite material preceding 30 circle charging and discharging capacity figure under different electric current density multiplying power.Can find out that from Fig. 4 current density is that specific capacity still remained on 897 mAh/g after 80 mA/g circulation 30 was enclosed; Current density is that specific capacity still remained on 408 mAh/g after 4000 mA/g circulation 30 was enclosed, and still is higher than theoretical capacity 372 mAh/g of native graphite; It is thus clear that this material performance under big electric current is still more superior, cycle performance is good, has the potentiality that are applied to the lithium ion battery electric motor car.
Claims (1)
1. a graphene-supported carbon coats the preparation method of the lithium cell cathode material of tin pewter particle, it is characterized in that having following technical process and step:
A. take by weighing a certain amount of natural graphite powder ice-water bath and keep 0 ℃ of lower magnetic force to stir, add the HNO of a certain amount of concentration 65% earlier
3And the H of concentration 98%
2SO
4, add a certain amount of KMnO again
4, be warming up to 30-40 ℃ of reaction 2-3 h; Be warming up to 70-90 ℃ of reaction 1-2 h again; Obtain black colloidal material after adding 300-500 ml ultra-pure water dilution concentrated acid; 30% H that adds 10-20 ml again
2O
2And 10% HCl of 100-150 ml cleaning, get brown yellow solution; Centrifugal water is washed till neutrality; 50-60 ℃ of following air drying gets graphene oxide; Wherein the natural graphite powder consumption is between 1-2 g, simultaneously natural graphite powder and KMnO
4The consumption mass ratio between 1:4-1:6; Dense HNO
3Consumption between 80-100 ml, and 65% concentration HNO
3With 98% concentration H
2SO
4The consumption volume ratio between 1:1-1:3;
B. get the ethanolic solution that a certain amount of stannic chloride, antimony chloride are mixed with certain volume respectively, mix after fully stirring colorless cleared solution; Get the ultrasonic 1-2 h of a certain amount of above-mentioned graphene oxide simultaneously and be dispersed in the aqueous solution, must be gelatinous dark solution, and it is joined above-mentioned achromaticity and clarification mixed solution, obtain the dark solution of homogeneous; Preparation NaBH
4The aqueous solution adds in the above-mentioned precursor solution; Ice-water bath keeps temperature to react 1-2 h down for 0-5 ℃ down, and reaction finishes the back centrifugal water and is washed till neutrality; 50-60 ℃ of following vacuumize gets black powder;
C. above-mentioned black powder is placed tube furnace, heating rate 5-10 ℃/min, air-flow 50-100 sccm, 500-550 ℃ of following C
2H
2Gas reduction 1-3 h promptly gets end product; Wherein the mol ratio consumption of stannic chloride and antimony chloride is between 3:1-4:1; The quality amount ratio of stannic chloride and graphene oxide is between 1:1-1:6; Stannic chloride, antimony chloride ethanolic solution, NaBH
4The concentration of the aqueous solution is respectively between 0.006-0.01 M and 0.001-0.005 M, 0.008-0.015 M.
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Cited By (13)
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CN103219502A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 华南师范大学 | Lithium ion battery negative electrode material Sn2Sb/C nuclear shell as well as preparation method and application thereof |
CN103579627A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-12 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Graphene-tin composite material, preparation method of graphene-tin composite material, lithium ion battery and preparation method of lithium ion battery |
CN103715406A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation and applications of tin based alloy-carbon composite anode active material |
CN103715430A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-09 | 天津大学 | Three-dimensional graphene reticular structure loaded carbon-coated tin nanometer material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
CN106784751A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-31 | 南昌专腾科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and system of tin pewter composite negative pole material |
CN109473663A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of anode material of lithium-ion battery and preparation method thereof of redox graphene load antimony |
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CN110690441A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-14 | 许继集团有限公司 | 3D structure nano tin-based lithium ion battery electrode plate and preparation method thereof |
CN110697717A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-01-17 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Biological morph-genetic structure SbC battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
CN111081981A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Preparation method of self-supporting double-sided silicon-graphene composite cathode |
CN111554514A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-18 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Flexible heterogeneous nanosheet pseudocapacitance positive electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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CN115000375A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-02 | 湛江市聚鑫新能源有限公司 | Natural graphite/SnSb composite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN103219502A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 华南师范大学 | Lithium ion battery negative electrode material Sn2Sb/C nuclear shell as well as preparation method and application thereof |
CN103715430A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-09 | 天津大学 | Three-dimensional graphene reticular structure loaded carbon-coated tin nanometer material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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