CN102386410A - Lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102386410A CN102386410A CN2011103455908A CN201110345590A CN102386410A CN 102386410 A CN102386410 A CN 102386410A CN 2011103455908 A CN2011103455908 A CN 2011103455908A CN 201110345590 A CN201110345590 A CN 201110345590A CN 102386410 A CN102386410 A CN 102386410A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof. The lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material consists of lithium vanadium phosphate and graphene or graphene and other amorphous carbon. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing oxidized graphite and deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, or further adding a reducing agent and then performing ultrasonic treatment; and adding a material or colloidal sol precursor for synthesizing lithium vanadium phosphate, water bathing at 60-90 DEG C while stirring, continuing ultrasonic treatment, drying and grinding, performing heat treatment in the presence of inert or reducing gas, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material. The composite material prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention is used as the lithium ion battery anode material, the specific capacity of the composite material is up to 115 mAh.g<-1> in case of charging/discharging at 10C multiplying factor, and the composite material has nearly no attenuation after 500 cycles. The method has simple synthesis process and good repetitiveness, and provides an anode material with high capacity and long service life for the application of high multiplying factor lithium ion batteries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrode material in a kind of battery technology field and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of anode composite material of lithium ion battery that can be used for high power charging-discharging and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium rechargeable battery is as high performance green energy-storing device, and it is good to have performance, safety, and cost is low, characteristics such as environmental friendliness, the sustainable development to present society on the generation of the energy and memory technology produces significant impact.Be widely used at present in the portable type electronic product, helped power car, fields such as electric automobile also have bright prospects, and at solar energy, can bring into play unique advantage equally in the electric power storage of wind energy etc.Positive electrode is the most critical factor of left and right sides lithium ion battery property development.
At present, the power type lithium-ion battery anode material as safe has LiMn
2O
4, LiFePO
4And Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3Deng, Li wherein
3V
2(PO
4)
3With the obvious advantage, have better thermal stability, security performance, and be far superior to a large amount of business-like LiCoO at present
2Positive electrode.With LiFePO
4Compare the Li of NASICON type monocline
3V
2(PO
4)
3Also have higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient, higher discharge voltage plateau (~3.9V) and higher theoretical capacity (197mAh g
-1) and energy density.Therefore, Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3Potential application potential is being arranged aspect the large-capacity and high-performance power-type lithium ion battery.But because crystal structure, metal ion is separated by far away, makes that the mobility of electronics is low in the material, Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3Electronic conductivity be 2 * 10
-7S/cm, big limitations Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3Chemical property.
General solution is to carry out modification to improve electronic conductivity through carbon coated or bulk phase-doped metal ion.The researcher utilizes carbon sources such as high specific surface carbon, glucose or sucrose usually, preparation Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3/ C composite material; But the material that often obtains can not effectively solve the abundant electrical property of high magnification of lithium ion battery.Graphene (Graphene) is the two-dimensional nanostructure material that the graphite flake by individual layer constitutes, and has high-specific surface area, excellent electricity and thermal property.Graphene has very high electronic conductivity, and wherein electronic motion speed reaches 1/300 of the light velocity, is a kind of fabulous electronic conductor, and Graphene itself has storage lithium characteristic.Therefore; Phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is mutually compound with graphene film, and preparation phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene combination electrode material adheres to the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium particle or is wrapped on the graphene film; Not only can effectively improve the conductance of material; Can also effectively suppress the growth of particle, the result can improve the conductive capability of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium material greatly, and effectively improves the specific capacity and the high rate performance of material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of have that the high magnification long-life discharges and recharges be used for phosphoric acid vanadium lithium composite material of lithium ion cell positive and preparation method thereof.
The phosphoric acid vanadium lithium composite material that is used for lithium ion cell positive that the present invention relates to is made up of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and Graphene or Graphene and other amorphous carbon, contains by mass percentage: 70% ~ 99.9% Li
3V
2(PO
4)
3, the total carbon content of 0.1wt%-30wt%.The particle diameter of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium is 5nm-300nm in the composite material.
The preparation method who is used for the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material of lithium ion cell positive, its step is following:
A. prepare graphene oxide or Graphene dispersion liquid: with graphite oxide and deionized water ratio with 0.1-2:1 (mg/mL)
Example is put into container, behind the ultrasonic 2-12h, obtains graphene oxide solution, or adds reducing agent and continue ultrasonic 2-4h, obtains the Graphene dispersion liquid;
B. prepare phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material: will synthesize the raw material of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium or colloidal sol precursor that its reaction obtains and join in graphene oxide or the Graphene dispersion liquid; After perhaps joining graphene oxide solution, add reducing agent to mixing species again; Wherein phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, Graphene/graphene oxide, reducing agent quality are 200: 1~60: 2~200; After stirring 1-5h, ultrasonic 2-4h, grind dry back, under inertia or reducibility gas, at first passes through 250-450 ℃ of pre-burning 2-8h, then at 700-1000 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 2-24h, promptly obtains phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material.
The said reducing agent of steps A and B is an oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, one or more in ethanedioic acid, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, aluminium powder or the iron powder.
The said raw material of step B comprises: the vanadium source is vanadic oxide or ammonium metavanadate; Organic acid is one or more in oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid and the malic acid; Lithium salts is a kind of in lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium phosphate, lithium chloride or the lithium fluoride; Phosphate is a kind of in phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or the lithium dihydrogen phosphate.
Said inertia of step B or reducibility gas be in nitrogen, argon gas, helium, nitrogen and hydrogen mixture or the argon hydrogen gaseous mixture one or more, wherein the shared volume ratio of hydrogen is 1%-10% in the mist.
The present invention is to be solvent with water, is the reducing agent of graphite oxide with the organic substance; The original position that is phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and Graphene is compound, because the existence of Graphene or Graphene and other amorphous carbon can suppress the growth of material grains, the synthetic material granule that obtains is evenly tiny adheres to or be wrapped on the graphene film.
The present invention compared with prior art adopts the great Graphene of electronic conductivity to coat phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, preparation phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material.Preparation technology's simple and flexible is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.As anode material for lithium-ion batteries, in the 3-4.3V scope, during with the 5C rate charge-discharge, capacity can reach 120mAh g first
-1, through almost undamped after 100 circulations; During with the 10C rate charge-discharge, after 500 circulations, capacity still remains on 115mAh g
-1In the 3-4.8V scope, when under the 15C multiplying power, discharging and recharging, capacity is still up to 100 mAh g
-1
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene nano composite material.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene nano composite material.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene nano composite material.
Fig. 4 is the rate charge-discharge curve chart of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene nano composite material of embodiment 1 preparation.
Fig. 5 is the multiplying power cycle performance figure of the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene nano composite material of embodiment 1 preparation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is elaborated:
Embodiment one
Graphite oxide and deionized water are put into container with the ratio of 1:10 (mg/mL); Behind the ultrasonic 4h, obtain the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, add the ultrasonic 2h of ascorbic acid solution continued; At room temperature leave standstill 20h, obtaining with water is the graphene oxide dispersion liquid of partial reduction of solvent.Is that 1:3 adds in the deionized water with vanadic oxide and oxalic acid according to mol ratio, and 80 ℃ of stirrings of water-bath add Li then until dissolving
2CO
3And NH
4H
2PO
4, continue to stir 30min, obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium colloidal sol precursor; It is joined in the above-mentioned graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and wherein the mass ratio 40:1:1 of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, graphene oxide and ascorbic acid continues to stir 2h; Ultrasonic 2h, grind 80 ℃ of dry backs, under nitrogen at first through 350 ℃ of pre-burning 4h; Then, promptly obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material at 800 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 8h.The sample total carbon content is 1.1%, and Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are respectively rate charge-discharge curve and cycle graph.
Embodiment two:
Graphite oxide and deionized water are put into container with the ratio of 1:5 (mg/mL), behind the ultrasonic 4h, obtain the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, add the ultrasonic 4h of 85% hydrazine hydrate continued, obtaining with water is the graphene oxide dispersion liquid of partial reduction of solvent.Is that 1:3 adds in the deionized water with vanadic oxide and oxalic acid according to mol ratio, and 80 ℃ of stirrings of water-bath add Li then until dissolving
2CO
3And NH
4H
2PO
4, continue to stir 30min, obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium colloidal sol precursor; It is joined in the above-mentioned graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and wherein the mass ratio 400:10:1 of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, graphene oxide and hydrazine hydrate continues to stir 2h; Ultrasonic 2h, grind 80 ℃ of dry backs, under nitrogen at first through 350 ℃ of pre-burning 4h; Then, promptly obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material at 750 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 12h.Graphene content is 0.6% in the sample.
Embodiment three:
Graphite oxide and deionized water are put into container with the ratio of 1:5 (mg/mL), behind the ultrasonic 4h, obtain the graphene oxide dispersion liquid.Is that 1:3 adds in the deionized water with vanadic oxide and oxalic acid according to mol ratio, and 80 ℃ of stirrings of water-bath add Li then until dissolving
2CO
3And NH
4H
2PO
4, continue to stir 30min, obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium colloidal sol precursor; It is joined in the above-mentioned graphene oxide dispersion liquid, add the ultrasonic 2h of citric acid solution continued, wherein the mass ratio 40:1:4 of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, graphene oxide and citric acid; Continue to stir 2h, grind 80 ℃ of dry backs, under argon gas at first through 350 ℃ of pre-burning 4h; Then, promptly obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material at 850 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 4h.Graphene content is 2.8% in the sample.
Embodiment four:
Graphite oxide and deionized water are put into container with the ratio of 1:10 (mg/mL), behind the ultrasonic 4h, obtain the graphene oxide dispersion liquid,, obtaining with water is the graphene oxide dispersion liquid of partial reduction of solvent.Is that 1:3 adds in the deionized water with vanadic oxide and oxalic acid according to mol ratio, and 80 ℃ of stirrings of water-bath add Li then until dissolving
2CO
3And NH
4H
2PO
4, continue to stir 10min, obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium colloidal sol precursor; It is joined in the above-mentioned graphene oxide dispersion liquid, add ascorbic acid solution again and continue ultrasonic 2h, wherein the mass ratio 2:1:6 of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, graphene oxide and ascorbic acid; Continue to stir 2h, grind in 80 ℃ of dry backs, under argon gas at first through 350 ℃ of pre-burning 4h; Then, promptly obtain phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material at 800 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 8h.The total carbon content of sample is 19.8%.
Claims (5)
1. phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material is characterized in that it is made up of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and Graphene or Graphene and other amorphous carbon; Raw material or corresponding precursor original position are mixed in graphene oxide or the Graphene dispersion liquid during preparation, and Graphene content is 0.1wt%-30wt%, and the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium particle diameter is 5nm-300nm.
2. the preparation method of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A. prepare graphene oxide or Graphene dispersion liquid: graphite oxide and deionized water are put into container with the ratio of 0.1-2:1; The unit of graphite oxide is mg; The unit of deionized water is mL, behind the ultrasonic 2-12h, obtains graphene oxide solution; Or add reducing agent and continue ultrasonic 2-4h, obtain the Graphene dispersion liquid;
B. prepare phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material: will synthesize the raw material of phosphoric acid vanadium lithium or colloidal sol precursor that its reaction obtains and join in graphene oxide or the Graphene dispersion liquid; After perhaps joining graphene oxide solution, in mixture, add reducing agent again; Wherein phosphoric acid vanadium lithium, Graphene/graphene oxide, reducing agent quality are 200: 1~60: 2~200; After continuing to stir 1-5h, ultrasonic 2-4h, grind dry back, under inertia or reducibility gas, at first passes through 250-450 ℃ of pre-burning 2-8h, then at 700-1000 ℃ of following high-temperature calcination 2-24h, promptly obtains phosphoric acid vanadium lithium/graphene composite material.
3. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the said reducing agent of steps A and B is an oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, one or more in ethanedioic acid, hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, aluminium powder or the iron powder.
4. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the said raw material of step B comprises: the vanadium source is vanadic oxide or ammonium metavanadate; Organic acid is one or more in oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid and the malic acid; Lithium salts is a kind of in lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium phosphate, lithium chloride or the lithium fluoride; Phosphate is a kind of in phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or the lithium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said inertia of step B or reducibility gas be in nitrogen, argon gas, helium, nitrogen and hydrogen mixture or the argon hydrogen gaseous mixture one or more, wherein the shared volume ratio of hydrogen is 1%-10% in the mist.
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CN103515605A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-15 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Lithium vanadium phosphate/graphene composite material preparation method |
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CN104282905A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-01-14 | 山东精工电子科技有限公司 | Core-shell multi-dimensional network type lithium vanadium phosphate material and preparation method thereof |
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CN115340079A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Superfine lithium vanadium phosphate nano-microcrystal integrated chip and preparation method and application thereof |
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