CN102299608B - 一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器 - Google Patents

一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器 Download PDF

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CN102299608B
CN102299608B CN2011101947414A CN201110194741A CN102299608B CN 102299608 B CN102299608 B CN 102299608B CN 2011101947414 A CN2011101947414 A CN 2011101947414A CN 201110194741 A CN201110194741 A CN 201110194741A CN 102299608 B CN102299608 B CN 102299608B
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eddy current
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李德胜
叶乐志
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YANGZHOU ANXING ELECTROMECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器，属于对车辆进行减速的辅助制动装置。其包括缓速器转子、缓速器定子、控制模块和发电机装置。缓速器转子由缓速器线圈、电磁铁心和铁心保持架组成，缓速器线圈缠绕在线圈骨架上，电磁铁心***线圈骨架中。电磁铁心、缓速器线圈和线圈骨架均匀分布在铁心保持架的圆周上。缓速器转子与传动轴相连，缓速器定子内圆和缓速器转子的电磁铁心外圆同轴。发电机装置包括发电机励磁绕组、发电机励磁磁极、发电机电枢绕组和发电机电枢铁心，发电机装置位于缓速器转子内部。本发明与传统电涡流缓速器相比较更加安全；可靠性高，免维护；易于实现缓速器制动力矩的智能控制和定速巡航；整体结构紧凑，体积质量小。

Description

一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车缓速器，特别指一种利用液冷散热的自励式电涡流缓速器，属于对车辆进行减速的辅助制动装置。
背景技术
缓速器是一种行车制动的安全辅助装置，它将制动力作用到车辆传动部件上，起到降低汽车行驶速度的作用。目前在我国使用最广泛的缓速器是电涡流缓速器，它利用电磁学原理将汽车行驶的动能转化为热能，并通过风冷形式散发。电涡流缓速器能够改善汽车的制动性能，消除传统制动噪声和环境污染，延长制动片和轮胎的使用寿命，大大提高汽车行驶的安全性、舒适性和经济性。电涡流缓速器虽然具有结构简单、生产制造成本低、响应时间短、制动力矩能智能控制等优点，但其体积重量大，耗电量大，散热差，持续工作时制动力矩衰退严重。自励式缓速器在电涡流缓速器制动原理的基础上，增加自发电***，直接给缓速器供电，无需增加汽车发电机或蓄电池容量，具有重量轻，质量小，节能环保等优点。
现有自励式缓速器一般由带励磁线圈的定子、带风道的转子以及发电***构成，其中转子设置在汽车传动系上，定子线圈固定在车架上。发电***一般由三相同步发电机和整流电路组成。当发电***启动时，发电机***为缓速器提供电源，定子线圈通电，磁力线通过转子，自励式缓速器处于制动状态，汽车动能转化成热能，通过旋转的转子散发到大气中；当发电***关闭时，定子线圈无电流通过，自励式缓速器处于非制动状态。这种构造具有节约电能的优点，但持续工作时制动力矩的热衰退仍然严重。
名称为“一种双转子盘式自励式缓速器及其控制方法”的发明专利(专利申请号为201010516737.0)和名称为“带自发电的汽车缓速器”的实用新型专利(专利申请号为201020205726.6)所公开得自励式缓速器，都是采用风冷散热方式，不能有效地散发缓速器涡流感应体上产生的热量，限制了自励式缓速器制动力矩的提高和持续制动的时间。名称为“一种带水冷***的自励式缓速器”的发明专利(专利申请号为200810243194.2)公开了一种利用水冷散热的自励式缓速器，虽然解决了散热问题，但该结构必须要有电刷装置，才能将发电机定子电枢上的电源传递到旋转的缓速器转子线圈上，因而具有寿命低的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器，采用无电刷结构和液冷散热方式，解决了自励式缓速器持续工作制动力矩热衰退问题，具有结构简单，易于智能调节，免维护、寿命长等优点。
本发明时采用以下技术方案来实现：
本发明包括缓速器转子、缓速器定子、控制模块3和发电机装置。缓速器转子由缓速器线圈9、电磁铁心5和铁心保持架10组成，缓速器线圈9缠绕在线圈骨架8上，电磁铁心5***线圈骨架8中。电磁铁心5、缓速器线圈9和线圈骨架8均匀分布在铁心保持架10的圆周上。缓速器转子与传动轴1相连，缓速器定子6内圆和缓速器转子的电磁铁心外圆同轴。发电机装置包括发电机励磁绕组13、发电机励磁磁极14、发电机电枢绕组12和发电机电枢铁心11，发电机装置位于缓速器转子内部。
发电机励磁绕组13和发电机励磁磁极14与静止的缓速器固定架2相连，发电机电枢绕组12和发电机电枢铁心11与旋转的缓速器转子相连，发电机电枢绕组12与缓速器线圈9通过导线或整流模块连接。
控制模块3与发电机励磁绕组13通过导线连接，调节励磁电流的大小。用于测量汽车行驶速度的速度传感器4固定在缓速器固定架2上，其感应部分正对缓速器旋转部件，其信号输出与控制模块3相连。
缓速器定子6内圆和缓速器转子的电磁铁心外圆保持有0.5-1.5mm间隙。
缓速器定子6外径上设有用于冷却的水道7，水道7内的液体与发动机冷却水循环，或者与缓速器的独立冷却装置循环。
本发明的自励式缓速器工作时，通过控制模块使发电机装置的励磁绕组通电，旋转的电枢绕组中产生感应电动势，该电动势为缓速器线圈提供电压，缓速器线圈中产生电流，所以缓速器电磁铁心产生磁力线。缓速器定子切割铁心保持架上电磁铁心发出的磁力线，在定子内表面会产生涡流，并产生阻碍转子转动的力矩，该制动力矩通过铁心保持架作用在汽车传动轴上，从而对汽车产生制动力。通过控制模块调节发电机励磁绕组中电流大小，即可实现缓速器制动力矩连续调节。定子上产生的热量通过冷却水道内液体带走，水道内的液体与发动机冷却水循环，或者与缓速器的独立冷却装置循环，散热后回流到缓速器中循环往复工作。
本发明的永磁缓速器不需要制动时，控制模块切断发电机励磁绕组中电流回路，电枢绕组不产生电流，缓速器线圈中没有磁力线，则缓速器定子不能切割永久磁铁发出的磁力线，在缓速器定子内不会产生涡流，传动轴不受制动力矩，从而解除对汽车的制动。
本发明无电刷自励式电涡流缓速器与现有技术相比，具有以下明显的优势和有益效果：
本发明电磁铁心和缓速器线圈作为转子，外部无旋转部件，与传统电涡流缓速器相比较更加安全；发电机电枢线圈与缓速器线圈一同旋转，省去电刷装置，可靠性高，免维护；发电机励磁绕组设为静止结构，通过缓速器转速检测和励磁电流的调节，易于实现缓速器制动力矩的智能控制和定速巡航；定子设有液冷装置，散热效果好，长时间制动力矩衰退小；缓速器整体结构紧凑，体积质量小。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1为传动轴，2为缓速器固定架，3为控制模块，4为速度传感器，5为电磁铁心，6为缓速器定子，7为水道，8为线圈骨架，9为缓速器线圈，10为铁心保持架，11为发电机电枢铁心，12为发电机电枢绕组，13为发电机励磁绕组，14为发电机励磁磁极。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步对本发明的具体实施例进行说明。
如图1所示，本发明实施例缓速器定子6开有水道8，置于缓速器最外侧。缓速器定子6和速度传感器5都固定在缓速器固定架2上，速度传感器4用于测量缓速器转速。缓速器线圈9和线圈骨架8固定在电磁铁心5中，8-12个电磁铁心5均布在铁心保持架10的外圆周上，电磁铁心5外径与定子水套6内径保持0.5-1.5mm间隙。铁心保持架10固定在传动轴1上，与传动轴1一同旋转。发电机电枢铁心11嵌入到铁心保持架10的内圈，与铁心保持架10固定，发电机电枢绕组12为分布式三相交流发电机绕组。发电机励磁磁极14与缓速器固定架2相连，发电机励磁绕组14为集中绕组，与24V车载电池通过导线连接。速度传感器4与控制模块3连接，为控制模块3提供缓速器转速信号。控制模块3与发电机励磁磁极14相连，控制发电机励磁磁极14中电流大小。
当缓速器工作时，控制模块使24V电源与发电机励磁线圈13接通，发电机励磁线圈13中产生电流，发电机励磁磁极14中产生磁力线，旋转的发电机电枢绕组12中的导体切割该磁力线产生三相交流电动势。将该电动势通过导线或通过三相交流整流器将三相交流电变为直流电，输送到缓速器线圈9中，使缓速器线圈9获得励磁，故缓速器电磁铁心5产生磁力线。定子水套6切割电磁铁心5发出的磁力线，在定子水套6内产生涡流，并产生阻碍电磁铁心5转动的力矩，该制动力矩通过铁心保持架10作用在传动轴1上，从而对汽车产生制动力。制动时定子水道6内表面产生的热量通过冷却水道7中液体带走，冷却液经过发动机水箱的散热器散热后，回流到缓速器中循环往复工作。
通过缓速器档位控制器或速度传感器的信号，控制模块调节发电机励磁线圈13中的电流，发电机电枢绕组12中的电动势随之发生改变，缓速器线圈9中的励磁电流也发生改变，可实现缓速器制动力矩连续调节、分档调节和速度巡航功能。
当不需要制动时，控制单元切断发电机励磁线圈13中的电流，发电机电枢绕组12中不再产生电动势，缓速器线圈9无励磁，电磁铁心5中不产生磁力线，传动轴不受制动力矩，从而解除对汽车的制动。

Claims (3)

1.一种无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器，包括缓速器转子、缓速器定子、控制模块（3）和发电机装置；其特征在于：缓速器转子由缓速器线圈（9）、电磁铁心（5）和铁心保持架(10)组成，缓速器线圈(9)缠绕在线圈骨架(8)上，电磁铁心(5)***线圈骨架(8)中；电磁铁心(5)、缓速器线圈(9)和线圈骨架(8)均匀分布在铁心保持架(10)的圆周上；缓速器转子与传动轴(1)相连，缓速器定子(6)内圆和缓速器转子的电磁铁心外圆同轴；发电机装置包括发电机励磁绕组(13)、发电机励磁磁极(14)、发电机电枢绕组(12)和发电机电枢铁心(11)，发电机装置位于缓速器转子内部；
发电机励磁绕组(13)和发电机励磁磁极(14)与静止的缓速器固定架(2)相连，发电机电枢绕组(12)和发电机电枢铁心(11)与旋转的缓速器转子相连，发电机电枢绕组(12)与缓速器线圈（9）通过导线或整流模块连接；
控制模块（3）与发电机励磁绕组（13）通过导线连接，调节励磁电流的大小；用于测量汽车行驶速度的速度传感器（4）固定在缓速器固定架（2）上，其感应部分正对缓速器旋转部件，其信号输出与控制模块（3）相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器，其特征在于：缓速器定子（6）内圆和缓速器转子的电磁铁心外圆保持有0.5-1.5mm间隙。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无电刷构造的液冷自励式电涡流缓速器，其特征在于：缓速器定子（6）外径上设有冷却的水道（7），水道（7）内的液体与发动机冷却水循环，或者与缓速器的独立冷却装置循环。
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