CN102283097A

CN102283097A - Method for breeding and culturing new variety of mulberry

Info

Publication number: CN102283097A
Application number: CN 201110170636
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓家德; 陶德均
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-06-23
Filing date: 2011-06-23
Publication date: 2011-12-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding and culturing a new variety of mulberry. The variety is obtained by crossing mulberry No.C5801 and mulberry No.CL and postnatal field management and targeted culture. The variety has the characteristic that any point bud from base part of a branch can sprout and grown into a twig normally after being grafted onto any position of the lower part of a mulberry plant and has high fruit yield.

Description

A kind of cultivation and cultivation method of fruit mulberry new varieties

Technical field

The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of fruit mulberry.

Background technology

Recent study finds that the mulberry fruit fruit is contained nutritious, the laudatory title that the king of fruit is arranged, and contain cancer-resisting substance anthocyan that other fruit do not have, resveratrol etc., various places are studied one after another and are cultivated fruit mulberry new varieties, sorosis can be eaten raw, can be processed into beverage, wine brewing, vinegar, also can make mulberry fruit cream, the Ministry of Public Health of central authorities classified as in 1993 be food be again the unique project of medicine, kind, (the skill word is sent out [2002] No. 228 by state section, bullets: 2002EA680013) to be listed in Spark Program by country in 2002.

The cultivation that the fruit mulberry produces, kind research and development, processing and utilization are the things of rising in recent years, extensively use the mulberry fruit of the mulberry of growing directly from seeds, the haw of Shaanxi and Guangdong cultivation in recent years is a cultivar No. 2 seedless big ten, these mulberry fruit kind internodes are long, mulberry is little, only bear fruit between simple bud 1-6, wall scroll, single fruit yield are low, arid area mulberry grain is done little, and improvement all requires study.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome above-mentioned defective, the inventor has obtained new fruit mulberry races through the means of combined hybrid, field management and directive breeding.The method of concrete these new varieties of production is as follows:

During hybridization, as female parent, CL mulberry races (can buy in Chinese Yanbian County) is as male parent with C5801 mulberry races (can buy in Chinese silkworm industry research institute).Wherein the C5801 mulberry races is to be cultivated by Hu Sang and mulberry kwangtung hybridization to form, and has the characteristic of cold-resistant and drought resisting, and branch is long.The CL mulberry races is the mulberry races that originates in (Yanbian County) Panzhihua, and drought-resistant ability is strong, and internode is apart from being about about 1.5 centimetres.

During concrete hybridization, the gyneceum of selecting C5801 is entangled with bag, be designated as flower of female parent.When the time-division male flower is in full bloom at noon, there is male flower pollen to adopt in the male parent vase in the middle of the male flower with selected CL.Open the bagging on the flower of female parent, brush gently after on the gyneceum column cap with male parent flower powder on the writing brush libation at an ancient wedding ceremony of the poison that disappeared and put sack again, and bag attachment is lived.

Treat to adopt down when the mulberry kind is the purple maturation, broadcast in ditch for seed, sprinkle thin mud, cover millet straw again as F1.In order to make F1 obtain drought resistance for seedling, with its sowing in the more shallow sandstone soil of half way up the mountain, the back weeding fertilizing management meticulously of emerging.

The F1 of Huo Deing is named as No. 63 fruits of golden wall mulberry for the fruit mulberry races like this.

The cultivation main points of No. 63 fruits of gold wall mulberry are as follows:

(1) field planting: the resting stage in described fruit mulberry is carried out field planting.During field planting spacing in the rows 30-50 centimetre.

(2) cut and cut down: after field planting, the certain altitude place cuts flat plant on distance ground, and described certain altitude is advisable with 10-15 centimetre.

(3) grafting: the resting stage in described fruit mulberry is carried out grafting.To the tree body, the mulberry bud can grafting arrive the optional position of setting body with the grafting of mulberry bud.Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally as the fruit bud point and promptly to stop grafting.

(4) remove anvil bud and short point: the next year 2-3 month anvil blastogenesis after buddering is rapidly long, need in time take out of., stretch into the bud heart with toothpick and choose the disconnected bud heart on the occasion of the swallow mouth phase at early or mid March, through binding 22-25 day, a bud can grow 5-7 sheet mulberry leaf.

(5) field management: described fruit mulberry happiness light, should select the good place plantation of daylighting.Should apply base manure and phosphate fertilizer winter.Should apply a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer to late Febuary next year.

(6) adopt mulberry: should keep the fruit branch of 1-2 centimeter length when gathering mulberry fruit,,, will greatly influence the output in the coming year so if do not stay fruit branch when adopting mulberry because no matter the fruit branch of life in several years can both the result.

(7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: when the early March mulberry fruit exposes 1 centimetre, spray mulberry fruit for 1000 times, sprayed once in every 3-4 days, connect and spray 3 times, eliminate the cause of disease spore of the disconnected tip disease of white mulberry fruit with this with thiophanate methyl.When mulberry bud tender when point, the easiest generations diaphania harm, so need be from early June, water ammonia sulphur phosphorus 1000-1500 doubly sprays, per 5 sprays once, more than branch normal growth to 2 meter.

(8) purposes: if described fruit Sang Zuowei is really used mulberry, so throughout the year can not picking leaves.Played the end of resting stage November 30 on the vegetative period of described fruit mulberry from March 5, all can not picking leaves.

The biological property of No. 63 fruits of described golden wall mulberry is as follows:

Bud: annual hibernaculum taupe, sharp triangle is close to branch, no accessory bud, bud is apart from 1.6-1.9 centimetre, and biennial hibernaculum is short, isosceles triangle, bud back of the body central authorities arch is prominent, and the bud point is upright subsequently gives birth to, 2--45 ° of canescence of bud point separated branch bar, at sun-drenched ridge, hillside rand bud is Sandy, both sides accessory bud 2---3, bud is full, rounded, the semilune of leaf scar, October early and middle ten days clip fringe bar and grafting immediately, bud grafting this moment survives the highest.Beginning November-December to sprout, also dehydration is withered gradually dead for the fringe bar of clip.No matter can both germinate at any position, mulberry tree upper, middle and lower the mulberry bud take out the tip by grafting.

Leaf: ovum garden shape, long ovum garden shape, leaf look pale green, the blade face distortion is smooth, papillule shape between the leaf margin major papilla, vein is clear, and the blade tip shape of tail bend at the bottom of the leaf deeply, the long 24cm of leaf, the heavy 7-10g of single leaf, internode 2.23-1.65cm, phyllotaxy 5/13, average wall scroll produce leaf 872 grams.

Branch: the tree type is compact, the straight and thick shape of branch, and following laid shoot is few, is green in sunny area, and hole skin is tiny and justify the average 173-249cm of year stripping amount.

Really: the fruit branch first lap mulberry fruit of the every bud of late March forms, and then forms second, third circle, and fruit branch is annual to increase thick one millimeter.First lap was earlier ripe when mulberry was ripe, and is red from the mulberry top earlier, redly just becomes purple to the mulberry handle, the last lap after-ripening of fruit branch top.Fruit branch generally grows from the right of hibernaculum, also has around hibernaculum to cover with mulberry fruit.

The physiological characteristic of No. 63 fruits of described golden wall mulberry is as follows:

It about February 5 sprouting period, took off bud on February 28, March, swallow mouth on the 21st after date took off the mulberry phase, and the mulberry fruit 1-20 of each bud position is stretched out all, and seldom disleave on March 23,1 leaf wrap in by the female mulberry, the maturation and mulberry gradually grows up, after results were cut down in the summer after June 10, fruit branch top little (have rape seed big) bud just grew little tender leaf, as long as each bud from tip point bud to the branch base portion has the resting bud of individual point can both take out tip germination, become tip slivering, germination rate 100%.No matter tip growth slivering can both be normally taken out at any one point any position, bud grafting mulberry tree bottom of branch base portion to same hibernaculum.Blade is ripe about 20 days, and sclerosis is spent posterior lobe earlier late, and style is short, and shallow fine hair is arranged.On October, be resting stage the middle ten days, begin to sprout at the beginning of 12 months, to next year be forced dormancy period by the end of February.

Description of drawings

What Fig. 1 represented is the leaf morphology of fruit mulberry of the present invention.

What Fig. 2 represented is the tree type of fruit mulberry of the present invention.

The situation that Fig. 3 represents when being fruit mulberry knot mulberry of the present invention.

Embodiment

To cultivate No. two, haw and seedless big ten common on the golden wall No. 63 fruits mulberry that obtains and the market according to the method for the invention and carry out control experiment.Under the identical situation of external condition, obtain the comparing result shown in the following table.

Table 1

Wherein A represents No. 63, golden wall, not mulberry leaf harvest leaf; A ', B, C represent No. 63, golden wall, mulberry leaf harvest leaf;

B represents haw No. two, not the mulberry leaf harvest leaf; No. two, B ' expression haw, not mulberry leaf harvest leaf;

-C represents seedless big by ten, not the mulberry leaf harvest leaf; C ' expression is seedless big by ten, the mulberry leaf harvest leaf.

At first we can see from table 1, for No. two, No. 63, golden wall and haw, pluck mulberry leaf the output of mulberry fruit is reduced significantly, and for seedless big ten, pluck mulberry leaf the output of mulberry fruit is significantly increased.

On the output of mulberry fruit, far super other two kinds of the product mulberry amount that No. 63, golden wall.And the weight of the simple grain fruit of three kinds of fruit mulberries is more or less the same, and branch length also is more or less the same, and therefore why golden wall produces the big reason of mulberry amount for No. 63 and be that mainly the amount of knot mulberry on the unit length branch is big.

This shows that No. 63 fruits of golden wall of the present invention mulberry has the super output of common kind in the market far away on output, compared with prior art produced useful effect.

Claims

1. cultivate the really method of mulberry new varieties for one kind, it is characterized in that with C5801 mulberry races (can buy) as female parent in Chinese silkworm industry research institute, CL mulberry races (can buy in Chinese silkworm industry research institute) is as male parent, during hybridization, the gyneceum of selected C58 is entangled with bag, be designated as flower of female parent, when the time-division male flower is in full bloom at noon, the male flower pollen of selected CL is adopted in the male parent vase, open the bagging on the flower of female parent, brush gently after on the gyneceum column cap with male parent flower powder on the writing brush libation at an ancient wedding ceremony of the poison that disappeared and to put sack again, and bag attachment is lived; Treat that the mulberry kind is purple and adopts down when ripe, seed is broadcast in the more shallow sandstone soil of half way up the mountain, sprinkle thin mud, cover millet straw again.

2. the method for the fruit mulberry races that obtains according to method described in the claim 1 of a cultivation is characterized in that:

(1) field planting: the resting stage in described fruit mulberry is carried out field planting.During field planting spacing in the rows 30-50 centimetre;

(2) cut and cut down: after field planting, the certain altitude place cuts flat plant on distance ground, and described certain altitude is advisable with 10-15 centimetre;

(3) grafting: the resting stage in described fruit mulberry is carried out grafting.To the tree body, the mulberry bud can grafting arrive the optional position of setting body with the grafting of mulberry bud.Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally as the fruit bud point and promptly to stop grafting;

(4) remove anvil bud and short point: the next year 2-3 month anvil blastogenesis after buddering is rapidly long, need in time take out of., stretch into the bud heart with toothpick and choose the disconnected bud heart on the occasion of the swallow mouth phase at early or mid March, through binding 22-25 day, a bud can grow 5-7 sheet mulberry leaf;

(5) field management: described fruit mulberry happiness light, should select the good place plantation of daylighting.Should apply base manure and phosphate fertilizer winter.Should apply a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer to late Febuary next year;

(6) adopt mulberry: should keep the fruit branch of 1-2 centimeter length when gathering mulberry fruit,,, will greatly influence the output in the coming year so if do not stay fruit branch when adopting mulberry because no matter the fruit branch of life in several years can both the result;

(7) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: when the early March mulberry fruit exposes 1 centimetre, spray mulberry fruit for 1000 times, sprayed once in every 3-4 days, connect and spray 3 times, eliminate the cause of disease spore of the disconnected tip disease of white mulberry fruit with this with thiophanate methyl.When mulberry bud tender when point, the easiest generations diaphania harm, so need be from early June, water ammonia sulphur phosphorus 1000-1500 doubly sprays, per 5 sprays once, more than branch normal growth to 2 meter;

(8) purposes: if described fruit Sang Zuowei is really used mulberry, so throughout the year can not picking leaves.

3. the method for the fruit of the cultivation described in the claim 2 mulberry races is characterized in that play the end of resting stage November 30 resting stage from the March 5 of described fruit mulberry, all can not picking leaves.