CN102197725A - Method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching - Google Patents
Method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197725A CN102197725A CN2011101386513A CN201110138651A CN102197725A CN 102197725 A CN102197725 A CN 102197725A CN 2011101386513 A CN2011101386513 A CN 2011101386513A CN 201110138651 A CN201110138651 A CN 201110138651A CN 102197725 A CN102197725 A CN 102197725A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching, which relates to a method for modifying soda alkaline earth. The method disclosed by the invention solves the problem of the traditional soda alkaline earth modifying method that it takes long time for the yield of rice to reach the bottom line, the yield of rice is low, and the cost is high. The method for modifying soda alkaline earth comprises the following steps: 1. a land to be modified is irrigated by a single irrigation and drainage method, and then the land is smoothed by a combined dry-aqueous smoothing method and is soaked and leached; 2. rice seedlings are transplanted; 3. a multi-frequency irrigation and drainage method is adopted in the whole growing period of rice; and 4. the field management method is same as the normal rice field management method, and the management is completed after the rice is mature. The method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching dispenses with secondary tillage of rice, reduces the production cost by 880 yuan per hectare, and shortens the time for the rice yield to reach the bottom line to 2 years. Compared with the control group (deep-tillage harrowing and water washing method), the method for modifying soda alkaline earth disclosed by the invention improves the yield by 142 percent, and simultaneously reduces the salinization index of the root layer of soil; and compared with the control group, the conductivity is reduced by 10.4 percent, and the pH value is reduced by 32 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the method for soda alkaline earth.
Background technology
Song-Nen plain is one of three dodium thiosulfate saline soil areal concentrations in the world, and ecotope is extremely fragile.Obtaining certain application with rice solodization technology aspect the improvement soda saline soil, yet former technology is applicable to mainly gently, moderate saline meadow soil (Chen Enfeng, 1962; Qiu Shanwen, 1996), severe saline meadow soil is being ploughed deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level, and reaches paddy rice break-even (4000kg/hm in 4 years
2), cost very high (Luo Xinzheng, 2004).Basically can not utilize (Li Xiujun, 2001 and account for this soda alkaline earth of distinguishing 30.9% area (natric horizon of a 30-100cm based on sodium ion arranged); Lee gets life etc., 1998), therefore administer and utilize the bottleneck of regional water field large tracts of land exploitation for this reason for the soda alkaline earth.To soda saline soil rice modification aspect, mainly be to plough deeply to rake the soil level in the past, and applied modifying agent, as add gypsum in saline-alkali soil, furfural dregs etc. also have soil moved in to improve the original to press alkaline process, sand to press alkaline process.Though these methods are effective, bring higher production cost.In soda saline soil district, the main planting type of paddy rice is leveled land machine rice transplantation for the deep ploughing (35cm) of digging.Purpose is loose subsoil, pour water soaked field and flushing salinity.Yet under machinery deep ploughing mode, tend to, make the root of the crop layer under the saline and alkaline physiology of high concentration is poisoned and the underproduction or total crop failure the saline and alkaline top layer of taking under the root of the crop layer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to reach the low and high problem of cost of time length, rice yield of break-even, and the method for no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is provided for there is rice yield in the method that solves existing improvement soda alkaline earth.
The method of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, wait to improve the soil and adopt single single irrigation method of irritating, take the flat method that combines with water of drought to level land then, carry out the soaked field flushing again, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and paddy rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, the whole growing of paddy rice adopts the mode of the multifrequency time row of filling, irrigation and drainage in per 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, the field management of paddy rice is identical with normal rice field management, promptly finishes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein soil to be improved is meant behind results last one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning in the step 1; The used water in soaked field is the fresh water of salinity less than 1g/L in the step 1; Rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice last one year in the step 2.
The present invention with Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice mode and moisture intermittently desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching technology combine and carry out rice cropping improvement soda alkaline earth, can form the desalination top layer of soil root layer fast, and keep this layer desalination top layer, thereby make saline and alkaline heavier soil under the desalination top layer, and do not taken to the top layer and increase the weight of the salinization and alkalization on top layer and influence the growth of paddy rice by the farming of machinery; Advantage is to have avoided machinery to plough, and rakes the soil level before the rice transplanting, the level land operation, rely on Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice and intermittently desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching technology realize the saline land quick improvement.
The present invention has reduced the second working of paddy rice, reduces production costs 800 yuan/hectare, has produced unforeseeable technique effect; Shorten rice yield and reached 4000kg/hm
2The time of (rice yield break-even), shorten to 2 years.The rice yield tool is improved a lot, comparison has improved 142% according to (ploughing deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level) output, reduce soil root layer salinization of soil index simultaneously, wherein electrical conductivity contrasts and has reduced by 10.4%, pH has reduced by 3.2%, has guaranteed the original state structure and the fertility distribution gradient structure of surface soil effectively.Therefore exploitation has important directive significance for song-Nen plain paddy rice large tracts of land in the present invention, for the ecotope that thoroughly changes the soda alkaline earth has been created condition, the soda alkaline earth is administered and research all has important practice significance and value widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete block diagram of implementing paddy field different soils layer electrical conductivity in five, and wherein solid post ■ represents the soil horizon electrical conductivity of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth, and open tubular column represents the soil horizon electrical conductivity of control group; Fig. 2 is the concrete block diagram of implementing paddy field different soils layer pH in five, and wherein solid post ■ represents the soil horizon pH of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth, and open tubular column represents the soil horizon pH of control group.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is no-tillage, and kind of the method for rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, wait to improve the soil and adopt single single irrigation method of irritating, take the flat method that combines with water of drought to level land then, carry out the soaked field flushing again, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and paddy rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, the whole growing of paddy rice adopts the mode of the multifrequency time row of filling, irrigation and drainage in per 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, field management is identical with normal rice field management, promptly finishes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein soil to be improved is meant behind results last one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning in the step 1; The used water in soaked field is the fresh water of salinity less than 1g/L in the step 1; Rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice last one year in the step 2.
Water body is general red and the booty of similar foam is arranged in the process in present embodiment step 1 soaked field, changes water immediately.
Carry out the soaked field flushing in the present embodiment step 1, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times, the mode that called after deep water changes more.
Normal rice field management in the present embodiment step 3:
One, 1, looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings; 2, see that seedling pours water; 3, chase after striking root fertilizer; 4, control Liriomyza harm.
Two, 1, early execute tillering fertilizer; 2, the shallow water duty water, suitable dry field; 3, management of weeds and damage by disease and insect.
Three, 1, execute the long ear manuer of jointing; 2, irritate " nourishing the fetus water ", dried dry field falls in good time; 3, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Four, the middle and later periods management of paddy rice, fertilizer practice: 1, ear manuer; 2, granulated fertilizer.
Five, productive phase management paddy rice at this moment on the period management total principle be: support root, protect leaf, prevent blade early ageing, impel the big grain of grain full, prevent unfilled gtains; 1, irrigation rationally, draining in good time; 2, gather in the crops in good time.
Adopt above-mentioned existing field management mode, can realize present embodiment.
Embodiment two: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in the step 1 be 5cm, and the soaked field number of times is 4 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in the step 1 be 7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in the step 1 be 6cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is no-tillage, and kind of the method for rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, wait to improve the soil and adopt single single irrigation method of irritating, take the flat method that combines with water of drought to level land then, carry out the soaked field flushing again, flooding water layer thickness is 7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and paddy rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 5 strains; Three, the whole growing of paddy rice adopts the mode of the multifrequency time row of filling, irrigation and drainage in per 5 days once, water layer is 5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, field management is identical with normal rice field management, promptly finishes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein soil to be improved is meant behind results last one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning in the step 1; The used water in soaked field is the fresh water of salinity less than 1g/L in the step 1; Rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice last one year in the step 2.
Water body is general red and the booty of similar foam is arranged in the process in present embodiment step 1 soaked field, changes water immediately.
Soil to be improved is 2006-2010 in the present embodiment, the problem " environmentally friendly soda alkaline land is with rice solodization pattern and technology " in the national 11th Five-Year brainstorm project " semiarid salinization of soil area degraded ecosystem comprehensive improvement technology and pattern " (has been implemented in experiment and demonstration base, Ta Laha town at the western Heilongjiang Province of song-Nen plain Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County, in conjunction with above-mentioned project implementation, set up paddy rice solodization experiment and demonstration district).
No-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth obtains following result in the present embodiment:
No-tillage douching technique has reduced the second working of paddy rice, reduces cost 800 yuan/hectare; Shorten the time of paddy rice break-even, reached the paddy rice break-even in 2 years; It is as shown in table 1 to improve rice in saline-alkali field output, compares (ploughing deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level) with control group, and present embodiment is no-tillage, and the back rice yield improves 142%;
Table 1
Reduce the topsoil soils salinization and alkalization, no-tillage back soil conductivity obviously reduces, the result as shown in Figure 1, as seen, 0～10cm has reduced by 15.2%, 10～20cm soil horizon and has reduced by 14.7%, 20～30cm soil horizon electrical conductivity and fall the end 1.4%; (0～30cm) electrical conductivity has reduced by 10.4% to whole plough horizon;
Soil pH obviously reduces, the result as shown in Figure 2, as seen, 0～10cm soil horizon pH reduced by 4%, 10～20 and 20～30cm soil horizon pH reduced by 2.6% and 2.8% respectively, plough horizon pH contrast has reduced by 3.2%.
Claims (2)
1. the method for no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth, the method that it is characterized in that no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, wait to improve the soil and adopt single single irrigation method of irritating, take the flat method that combines with water of drought to level land then, carry out the soaked field flushing again, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and paddy rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, the whole growing of paddy rice adopts the mode of the multifrequency time row of filling, irrigation and drainage in per 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, the field management of paddy rice is identical with normal rice field management, promptly finishes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein soil to be improved is meant behind results last one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning in the step 1; The used water in soaked field is the fresh water of salinity less than 1g/L in the step 1; Rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice last one year in the step 2.
2. the method for no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that flooding in the step 1 water layer thickness is 6cm, the soaked field number of times is 3 times.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102668764A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 桂林理工大学 | Method of soil improvement for alkaline limestone soil rice field in organic rice conversion period |
| CN102919090A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | One-hole multi-plants close planting method for saline-alkali soil rice |
| CN103891449A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for rapidly constructing soda salinized dry farmland |
| CN105144893A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Irrigation and drainage method for improving soda alkali-saline paddy field in field steeping period |
| CN108496458A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe Soda saline and alkaline soils staged modification method |
| CN112425305A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 博域环保技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil |
| CN114667819A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102668764A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 桂林理工大学 | Method of soil improvement for alkaline limestone soil rice field in organic rice conversion period |
| CN102919090A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | One-hole multi-plants close planting method for saline-alkali soil rice |
| CN103891449A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for rapidly constructing soda salinized dry farmland |
| CN103891449B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of soda salinized soil rapid build |
| CN105144893A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Irrigation and drainage method for improving soda alkali-saline paddy field in field steeping period |
| CN105144893B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of soaked field phase for improveing soda alkaline land paddy field fills water discharge method |
| CN108496458A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe Soda saline and alkaline soils staged modification method |
| CN112425305A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 博域环保技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil |
| CN114667819A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
| CN114667819B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
| US11707017B1 (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2023-07-25 | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Method for improving soda saline-alkaline paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry and application thereof |
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