CN103988703A - Planting and irrigating method for intercropping of red date trees and cotton - Google Patents
Planting and irrigating method for intercropping of red date trees and cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988703A CN103988703A CN201410248580.6A CN201410248580A CN103988703A CN 103988703 A CN103988703 A CN 103988703A CN 201410248580 A CN201410248580 A CN 201410248580A CN 103988703 A CN103988703 A CN 103988703A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting and irrigating method for intercropping of red date trees and cotton and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivations. According to the planting and irrigating method, line spacing of the red date trees is 4m, and space among the red date trees is 1.5m or 1m; the cotton is planted in a ridging mode, a ridge of cotton is planted between every two lines of the red date trees and covered with mulching film, and four lines of cotton are planted in each ridge which is 10cm-20cm high and 140cm wide; irrigation ditches are dug in two sides of each line of the red date trees, a 40cm distance is reserved between the irrigation ditches and the red data trees, and a 40cm distance is reserved between the irrigation ditches and the cotton; each irrigation ditch is 50cm wide and 30cm deep. The red date trees are irrigated by pouring water into the irrigation ditches, and water in the irrigation ditches permeates downwards and outwards to reach roots system far away from tree trucks of the red date trees. The cotton is planted in the ridging mode, so that height difference between the water surface and the roots of the cotton is increased during irrigation to prevent water from permeating to root systems of the cotton. Therefore, needs for water of the red date trees are met, and technical effect of increasing yield of red dates is achieved finally.
Description
Technical field
This relates to plantation, the irrigation method of a kind of red jujube tree and cotton intercropping, belongs to arviculture technical field.
Background technology
Red jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) is one of main traditional economy seeds of China, is Rhamnaceae red date platymiscium, and the provinces (autonomous region) such as Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi are its major production areas.Most of red dates producing region all on the poor Drought Mountain Area hills of natural ecological condition, river shoal sand ground, salt-alkali shoaly land, the poverty-stricken area of the uncomfortable farming such as Gobi desert, desert even, play an important role to shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity.Its strong stress resistance, leaf is little sparse, has advantages of the intercropping of development, basin periphery area in the Huan Ta of Xinjiang at present, red jujube tree+cotton intercropping extensive use.
The local climate such as Keshen and field, Aksu is dry, dusty wind weather harm is wreaked havoc.The intercropping of red jujube tree+cotton is a kind of cultivation mode of extensive employing in locality.At present red jujube tree plantation is the major industry that increasing peasant income are realized in each department, occupies critical role improving local farmers life.Cotton, as the main economic crops in one, Xinjiang, is again one of two valuable sources in Xinjiang " one is black " " one is white ".Therefore, the intercropping of red jujube tree+cotton also becomes the main income of these regional peasants in locality.
Because the law of needing the water of cotton and red jujube tree is not quite similar, when cotton adopts under-film drip irrigation, need to supply water the whole year 9-12 time (because temperature is determined), before sowing cotton seed, first once pour water, time is probably about by the end of March, at the beginning of 4 months, starting to sow before blooming to June 20 does not need to pour water, and red jujube tree need be poured water twice at the initial bloom stage of mid-May and the phase of bearing fruit of mid-June.Owing to having incured loss through delay pouring water to red jujube tree budding period and initial bloom stage, can cause red date yield reducation, cause red jujube tree body branch to be drained, illness rate improves, even affect its survival rate, this has greatly only reduced the economic benefit in red jujube tree+cotton intercropping garden and the growth tendency of red jujube tree.But, how to find in recent years, red date butt presents blistering phenomenon; Cause tree body progressively aging, affect output and tree bulk-growth.
CN101878710 discloses the cotton Intercropping System red jujube tree of a kind of red date method for supplementing water, and red jujube tree seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m; Setting up width in red jujube tree both sides is the boundary belt of 1.2-1.5m, and the height of boundary belt is 20-30cm; To pouring water in red jujube tree boundary belt.Although the irrigation method of CN101878710 has met the requirement of pouring water separately, ensure the output of cotton; But the output of its red date still has much room for improvement compared with independent plantation red jujube tree.
Summary of the invention
Inventor studies discovery by experiment, and when red jujube tree being poured water by the wide boundary belt of 1.2-1.5m, the farthest arriving of water is apart from trunk 0.75m place, and Root Distribution will be distal to 0.75m.Although water can be outwards, permeate downwards, but far away apart from trunk, root system is darker, so, adopt the irrigation method of CN101878710, its infiltration cannot arrive the root system far away apart from trunk, cannot meet the demand of red jujube tree to moisture, finally cause red date output and and the red date output of independent plantation red jujube tree between have larger gap.In addition, adopt the irrigation method of CN101878710, water contacts with trunk, can cause butt blistering phenomenon; And due within the scope of the 0-10cm around trunk, root quantity is less, less to the demand of moisture, cause near excess moisture trunk and easy dry maize ear rot, yield reducation.
So, the object of the invention is further to improve red date output in ensureing output of cotton.
The technical scheme that the present invention realizes foregoing invention object is:
The plantation of red jujube tree and cotton intercropping, an irrigation method, comprise the steps:
(1) wholely:
Red jujube tree: line-spacing is 4m, spacing is 1.5m or 1m;
Cotton: Ridged plant, between every two row red jujube trees, play a ridge, covering with plastic film on ridge, 4 row cottons are planted on every ridge; The high 10-20cm in ridge, row spacing 140cm;
Irrigation ditch is dug in the both sides of every row red jujube tree; Distance between irrigation ditch and red jujube tree is 40cm, and the distance between irrigation ditch and cotton is 40cm; Furrow width 50cm, the ditch depth 30cm of irrigation ditch;
(2) pour water:
Red jujube tree is poured water: respectively at the initial bloom stage of red jujube tree, bear fruit the phase, by red jujube tree being irrigated through furrow to the mode of irrigation ditch water filling;
Cotton Irrigation: carry out under-film drip irrigation after June 20.
The furrow width of described irrigation ditch refers to the width on surface, irrigation ditch;
Distance between described irrigation ditch and cotton refer to irrigation ditch near the edge of cotton one side to the distance between cotton root;
Distance between described irrigation ditch and red jujube tree refer to irrigation ditch near the edge of red jujube tree one side to the distance between red jujube tree trunk.
Said method, preferred, described irrigation ditch is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the width of bottom surface, irrigation ditch is 40cm.
Said method, preferred, the spacing of red jujube tree is 1.5m, ridge height is 15cm.
The present invention is by arranging irrigation ditch, to the mode of irrigation ditch water filling, red jujube tree being poured water in red jujube tree both sides; Meet the requirement of pouring water separately.Water in irrigation ditch is by downwards, reach the red jujube tree root system far away apart from trunk to exosmosis.And by Ridged plant cotton, the difference in height of the water surface and cotton root when increase is poured water, to prevent that infiltration from reaching cotton root system.The present invention finds by research experiment: the requirement difference of different intercropping modes to irrigation ditch, irrigation ditch of the present invention is only applicable to intercropping mode of the present invention.And distance, the cotton root system degree of depth between the number of water percolating capacity and the degree of depth and width, irrigation ditch and the ridge of irrigation ditch is relevant; And distance between distance, irrigation ditch and red jujube tree between the degree of depth of irrigation ditch and width, irrigation ditch and ridge can affect the absorption of red jujube tree to moisture simultaneously.Only " the irrigation ditch degree of depth is that 30cm, width are 50cm, and the distance between irrigation ditch and cotton is 40cm, and infiltration cannot arrive cotton root system and red jujube tree can fully absorb moisture.In addition, adopt mode of the present invention, can also effectively reduce the incidence of disease of red jujube tree dry rot, the growing way of enhancing red jujube tree.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and distinguished effect:
1. the present invention is the law of needing the water different with red jujube tree according to cotton, do not need to pour water, and red jujube tree is for needing water period, and red jujube tree is poured water separately in cotton.To a certain extent, improve red date output, cotton has not been affected, realized the maximizing the benefits of red jujube tree+cotton intercropping;
2. the irrigation method of other region red jujube tree+cotton intercropping fields of the present invention and Xinjiang is completely different, and ridging both sides, level land irrigation method is exclusive intercropping mode, is a unique irrigation technique;
3. can when guarantee water cannot arrive cotton root system, arrive the red jujube tree root system far away apart from trunk, thereby meet the demand of red jujube tree to moisture, reach the technique effect that improves red date output most.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of plantation of the present invention, irrigation method;
Fig. 2 is the floor map of plantation of the present invention, irrigation method;
In figure, 1 is red jujube tree, and 2 is cotton, and 3 is irrigation ditch; The unit of the size marking in figure is mm.
Embodiment
Select Markit County, Kaxgar Prefecture as Experimental Base, its soil is taking alluviation anthropogenic-alluvial soil as main; Weather belongs to typical continental arid climate.Select kind of 200 mu of fields that are implanted with fine horse jujube as experimental field.Wherein
,for 4m, spacing are 1.5m, the red jujube tree age of tree is 5 years to the line-spacing (thing is row) of red jujube tree that plant experimental field.In experimental field, select 4 field S1, S2, S3, S4 that area is equal; Every field area is 50 mu, every mu of plantation 110 strain red jujube trees; The distributional pattern of the red jujube tree in every field is identical.
Spring in 2013, red jujube tree was added up red jujube tree trunk diameter mean value, the illness rate in the S1 selecting, S2, S3, S4 field before germinateing, and result is as table 1
Table 1:
In table 1, illness rate refers to that ill red jujube tree strain number accounts for the percentage of total red jujube tree strain number; D1 refers to the trunk diameter mean value of ill red jujube tree; D2 refers to the not trunk diameter mean value of ill red jujube tree (note: trunk diameter described in the present invention is the mean value of red jujube tree at the trunk diameter at 100cm trunk height place).Can draw according to the data of table 1, before Spring Rose jujube tree in 2013 germinates, illness rate, the trunk diameter mean value of the red jujube tree in selected S1, S2, S3, S4 field are basic identical, red jujube tree growing way no significant difference.
Then, selected S1, S2, S3, S4 field are adopted respectively to different plantations, Irrigation; S1 adopts the pattern of embodiment 1, the pattern that S2 adopts embodiment 2, the pattern that S3 adopts embodiment 3, the pattern that S4 adopts embodiment 4.In autumn in 2013 add up respectively the illness rate of S1, S2, S3, the red date in S4 field and the output of cotton, red jujube tree, ill red jujube tree trunk diameter mean value, there is no the trunk diameter mean value of ill red jujube tree; Result is as table 2;
Table 2:
In table 2, illness rate refers to that ill red jujube tree strain number (ill red jujube tree strain number=original ill strain number+newly-increased ill strain) accounts for the percentage of total red jujube tree strain number; D1 refers to the trunk diameter mean value of ill red jujube tree; D2 refers to the not trunk diameter mean value of ill red jujube tree; Described red date output is the weight of red date dry product, and described output of cotton is the weight of cotton dry product.Illness rate, trunk diameter mean value by the output to the red date of embodiment 1-4 and cotton, red jujube tree are compared, and can show that " irrigation ditch can not only realize cotton and red jujube tree is irrigated separately, ensures the output of cotton; And can meet the demand of red jujube tree to moisture, reduce the illness rate of red jujube tree blistering phenomenon, the output of raising red date ".
In following embodiment, identical to red jujube tree, cotton irrigation quantity in the same period.
embodiment 1
red jujube tree adopts builds garden formula cropping pattern (only planting red jujube tree); Pour water the whole year 5 times, be respectively: vernalization water: before rudiment in early spring; Hua Qianshui: at the initial bloom stage (time is about mid-May) of jujube tree; Fruit water: young fruit development phase (June first arrival mid-July); Short fruit water: fruit expanding period (late July is to August), this phase should pour water in conjunction with topdressing; Freeze-up water: it is excessively late that freeze-up water can not be filled with, and must fill with before late October.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management by daily conventional method.In results red date on 1-November 15 November.
embodiment 2
Red date and cotton intercropping.Establish boundary belt in every row red jujube tree both sides, boundary belt width is 1.5m, highly for 25cm, and the boundary belt low bank of earth between fields compresses, compacting.Red jujube tree is poured water: pour water the whole year 5 times, be respectively: vernalization water: before rudiment in early spring; Hua Qianshui: at the initial bloom stage (time is about mid-May) of jujube tree; Fruit water: young fruit development phase (June first arrival mid-July); Short fruit water: fruit expanding period (late July is to August), this phase should pour water in conjunction with topdressing; Freeze-up water: it is excessively late that freeze-up water can not be filled with, and must fill with before late October.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management (adopting way to manage identical with embodiment 1) by daily conventional method.Gathered October 20 later.
In in late March, 2014 or early April sowing cotton (middle cotton No. 47), between every two row red jujube trees, spread 1 width mulch film, the wide 1.6m of mulch film; Under every width mulch film, plant 4 row cottons.The Cotton Irrigation time is respectively cotton irrigation before seeding in 3-April once, after broadcasting, pour water about June 20 for the 1st time, after pouring water for the 1st time at interval of about 10 days pour water once (need to pour water according to weather, soil condition), irrigation method is under-film drip irrigation, need to pour water 10-12 the whole year, about August 20, stops pouring water.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management by daily conventional method.Mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 3(plantation irrigation method of the present invention)
Red date and cotton intercropping.Irrigation ditch is dug in both sides at every row red jujube tree; Distance between irrigation ditch and red jujube tree is 40cm; Furrow width 50cm, the ditch depth 30cm of irrigation ditch.Red jujube tree is poured water: pour water the whole year 5 times, be respectively: vernalization water: before rudiment in early spring; Hua Qianshui: at the initial bloom stage (time is about mid-May) of jujube tree; Fruit water: young fruit development phase (June first arrival mid-July); Short fruit water: fruit expanding period (late July is to August), this phase should pour water in conjunction with topdressing; Freeze-up water: it is excessively late that freeze-up water can not be filled with, and must fill with before late October.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management (adopting way to manage identical with embodiment 1) by daily conventional method.Gathered October 20 later.
In in late March, 2014 or early April, adopt the mode plant cotton (middle cotton No. 47) of level land ridging.Between every two row red jujube trees, play a ridge, the high 15cm in ridge, row spacing 140cm, ridge plastic mulching, the wide 1.6m of mulch film; Under every width mulch film, plant 4 row cottons; Line-spacing, the spacing of cotton are identical with embodiment's 2.Distance between cotton and irrigation ditch is 40cm.The Cotton Irrigation time is respectively cotton irrigation before seeding in 3-April once, after broadcasting, pour water about June 20 for the 1st time, after pouring water for the 1st time at interval of about 10 days pour water once (need to pour water according to weather, soil condition), irrigation method is under-film drip irrigation, need to pour water 10-12 the whole year, about August 20, stops pouring water.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management (identical with embodiment 2) by daily conventional method.Mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 4(plantation irrigation method of the present invention, but the size of irrigation ditch changes to some extent, and red date output decreases)
Red date and cotton intercropping.Irrigation ditch is dug in both sides at every row red jujube tree; Distance between irrigation ditch and red jujube tree is 30cm; Furrow width 40cm, the ditch depth 20cm of irrigation ditch.Red jujube tree is poured water: pour water the whole year 5 times, be respectively: vernalization water: before rudiment in early spring; Hua Qianshui: at the initial bloom stage (time is about mid-May) of jujube tree; Fruit water: young fruit development phase (June first arrival mid-July); Short fruit water: fruit expanding period (late July is to August), this phase should pour water in conjunction with topdressing; Freeze-up water: it is excessively late that freeze-up water can not be filled with, and must fill with before late October.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management (adopting way to manage identical with embodiment 1) by daily conventional method.Gathered October 20 later.
In in late March, 2014 or early April, adopt the mode sowing cotton (middle cotton No. 47) of level land sowing, between every two row red jujube trees, spread 1 width mulch film, the wide 1.6m of mulch film; Under every width mulch film, plant 4 row cottons.Under every width mulch film, plant 4 row cottons; The spacing of cotton is identical with embodiment's 2.Guard band between cotton and irrigation ditch is 50cm.The Cotton Irrigation time is respectively cotton irrigation before seeding in 3-April once, after broadcasting, pour water about June 20 for the 1st time, after pouring water for the 1st time at interval of about 10 days pour water once (need to pour water according to weather, soil condition), irrigation method is under-film drip irrigation, need to pour water 10-12 the whole year, about August 20, stops pouring water.After pouring water, carry out cultivation management (identical with embodiment 2) by daily conventional method.Mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
In addition, in Ying Yeer village of Xi Yitidun township, Markit County, adopt grey jujube kind red jujube tree to carry out planting experiment of the present invention, obtained the effect suitable with embodiment 3.
Claims (3)
1. plantation, the irrigation method of red jujube tree and cotton intercropping, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) wholely:
Red jujube tree: line-spacing is 4m, spacing is 1.5m or 1m;
Cotton: Ridged plant, between every two row red jujube trees, play a ridge, covering with plastic film on ridge, 4 row cottons are planted on every ridge; The high 10-20cm in ridge, row spacing 140cm;
Irrigation ditch is dug in the both sides of every row red jujube tree; Distance between irrigation ditch and red jujube tree is 40cm, and the distance between irrigation ditch and cotton is 40cm; Furrow width 50cm, the ditch depth 30cm of irrigation ditch;
(2) pour water:
Red jujube tree is poured water: respectively at the initial bloom stage of red jujube tree, bear fruit the phase, by red jujube tree being irrigated through furrow to the mode of irrigation ditch water filling;
Cotton Irrigation: carry out under-film drip irrigation after June 20.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described irrigation ditch is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the width of bottom surface, irrigation ditch is 40cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the spacing of red jujube tree is 1.5m, and ridge height is 15cm.
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| CN111642349A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-11 | 塔里木大学 | Wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104996248A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-10-28 | 塔里木大学 | Seedling protection method for direct seeding and orchard constructing of red jujubes in windy desert area |
| CN104996248B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-07-20 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of Wind-sandy Area jujube live streaming building well seedling means of defence |
| CN107258354A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-20 | 万素梅 | Influence of the drought stress to jujube photosynthesis characteristics and WUEL |
| CN106358907A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 马辉 | Planting method for interplanting of date trees and watermelons and multiple cropping of brassica campestris |
| CN108142166A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-12 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of irrigation method suitable for industrialized agriculture |
| CN109287426A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-02-01 | 塔里木大学 | The jujube cotton intercropping plant method of high-yield cotton |
| CN110972791A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting shinyleaf yellowhorn protection forest in cotton field |
| CN111642349A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-11 | 塔里木大学 | Wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application |
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