CN102195038A - Lithium ion battery as well as negative material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery as well as negative material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102195038A CN102195038A CN2010101181858A CN201010118185A CN102195038A CN 102195038 A CN102195038 A CN 102195038A CN 2010101181858 A CN2010101181858 A CN 2010101181858A CN 201010118185 A CN201010118185 A CN 201010118185A CN 102195038 A CN102195038 A CN 102195038A
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a negative material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) evenly mixing conductive carbon with polysiloxane, cracking and carbonizing in the presence of inert gas, grinding, and sieving so as to obtain a mixture I; and (2) mixing the mixture I with a lithium-containing compound so as to obtain a mixture II, heating and decomposing the lithium-containing compound in the mixture II, cooling, grinding, and sieving. According to the invention, the defects that the promotion spaces of the specific capacity and charge-discharge property of the battery using a graphite negative material are small and the traditional silicon-based negative material can generate a volume effect are overcome, and a novel negative material which is capable of effectively reducing a silicon volume effect and well improving the specific capacity of the lithium ion battery and has the advantages of good circulation property, rate discharge property and long service life and a lithium ion battery with the same is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical field, relate in particular to negative material of a kind of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof, the invention still further relates to a kind of lithium ion battery that contains this negative material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the secondary chemical sources of electric energy that repeats to discharge and recharge of the tool development prospect of people approval up to now, it has than cadmium nickel secondary batteries and the much higher energy density of lead-acid battery, and has a smaller volume specific energy, inside battery does not contain the element that environment is had severe contamination, be that current people study one of maximum chemical power source system, good development prospect is arranged.Lithium ion battery has been widely applied to small portable electrical equipment now, as fields such as mobile phone, palmtop PC, CD players.Along with the develop rapidly of science and technology, constantly new power consumption equipment that occurs and people to improving constantly of requiring of power supply unit cause people require lithium ion battery towards littler, lighter, energy density is higher, the direction of longer service life develops.In order to satisfy these requirements, people are seeking has more high-energy-density and the better active material of cycle life.
The lithium ion battery negative material of current trend mostly adopts graphited material with carbon element, the theoretical capacity of this material is 372mAh/g, the actual now capacity (340-360mAh/g) that uses is near this numerical value, therefore, in order further to improve the specific capacity of battery, seeking new negative material has become everybody common task.At present, the material with carbon element that people have a new structure except research is used for the lithium ion battery, and non-carbon-based material also is the focus that everybody studies.In Al, Sn, Si and the alloy thereof and lithium titanate of existing research, silicon-based anode material and tin base cathode get more and more people's extensive concerning because of having very high reversible lithium storage amount (the reversible lithium storage amount as monocrystalline silicon is 4200mAh/g).But existing studies show that, silica-base material and tin-based material all have bigger irreversible capacity first, and in the removal lithium embedded process, all there is serious bulk effect in they, and these shortcomings cause their practicality to be restricted.In order to improve the shortcoming of these negative materials, people attempt adopting multiple mode that it is carried out modification in the hope of reducing its irreversible capacity, raising cycle life first.Propose silica flour is broken into small-particle as CN1913200A, use the organic method of cracking carbon coated outside then, with specific capacity that improves negative material and the bulk effect that reduces silicon.By accessing first cycle efficieny after coat handling greater than 85%, capacity is greater than the silicon-carbon composite cathode material of 450mAh/g first.The raising of its negative pole performance has benefited from the bulk effect that surface coated carbon has suppressed silicon to a great extent.In like manner, in order to suppress the bulk effect of tin base cathode material, proposed a kind of method among the patent CN 1585160, this method is by solution reaction synthesis of nano～micron-sized Sn
3O
2(OH)
2Or Sn
6O
4(OH)
4Particle or particle cluster.This material is during as active material, in the electro-reduction process in first week, can produce metallic tin, metallic tin can be dispersed in as the active material of electrode in the accessory substance that produces behind the electrochemical reduction, the existence of these accessory substances can surround the metallic tin particle and isolate effectively, thereby prevents the bulk effect of tin effectively.Except that above-mentioned two patents, also have a lot of similarly methods to be used for handling silica-based or tin base cathode material to improve its combination property.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention has been to overcome in the existing lithium ion battery owing to use graphite to make the specific capacity of battery and charge-discharge performance room for promotion little as negative material, and traditional silicon-based anode material in use can produce defectives such as bulk effect, and a kind of new lithium ion battery cathode material and its preparation method is provided.Negative material of the present invention can effectively reduce the bulk effect of silicon, improves the specific capacity of lithium ion battery well, makes it have good cycle performance and multiplying power discharging property and long useful life.The present invention also provides a kind of new lithium ion battery, thereby it contains negative material of the present invention and has high power capacity and long-life.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material, it comprises the steps:
(1) conductive carbon and polysiloxanes are mixed, cracking carbonization under inert gas shielding is ground, and after sieving, gets mixture I;
(2) mixture I is mixed with lithium-containing compound, get mixtures II; Under inert gas shielding, the lithium-containing compound in the described mixtures II of heating and decomposition, cooling is ground, and sieves, and gets lithium ion battery negative material.
In the step (1), described polysiloxanes is used for providing silicon-oxygen-carbon glass ceramics to negative material, therefore polysiloxanes of the present invention can be selected the polysiloxanes of any routine for use, as in silicone oil, silicon rubber and the silicones etc. one or more, as long as it is main chain with the Si-O repetitive, and contains silicon, oxygen and carbon simultaneously and get final product.Described conductive carbon can be selected in this area the conventional all kinds of conductive carbon of using for use, as in graphitized carbon, Delanium, native graphite, conductive carbon black and the carbon nano-tube one or more.As long as can satisfying the routine of anticathode material particle size in this area, the particle size range of described conductive carbon requires.The mixed proportion of described conductive carbon and polysiloxanes is preferable is weight ratio 2: 8～6: 4.Described cracking temperature can be selected according to the cracking temperature of the polysiloxanes of routine, and preferable is 800～1400 ℃.For reaching lytic effect preferably, make the preparation that the mixture I that makes more helps negative material, what the described cracking time was preferable is 1～10 hour among the present invention, and better is 1～8 hour.What described inert gas was preferable is argon gas.Described grinding and to sieve be the requirement of satisfying lithium cell cathode material for the particle diameter that makes mixture I, the size of sieve aperture is preferably more than 400 orders.
In the step (2), described lithium-containing compound can be selected the conventional various lithium-containing compounds that use in the lithium ion battery field for use, comprises in lithium salts, lithia and the lithium hydroxide etc. one or more.Described lithium salts can be organic lithium salt and/or inorganic lithium salt, and the lithium-containing compound among the present invention is preferably one or more in the organic lithium salt.Described organic lithium salt is preferable is in lithium acetate, tert-butyl alcohol lithium, lithium methoxide, acetoacetate lithium and the trimethyl silane ethyl-acetylene lithium one or more; Described inorganic lithium salt is preferable is in lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and the lithium nitrate one or more.In the step (2), described lithium-containing compound can directly mix with mixture I, mixes with mixture I after also this lithium-containing compound can being dissolved in solvent.When using solvent, described solvent is the conventional solvent that is used to dissolve lithium-containing compound that uses in this area, as oxolane.No matter adopt in the above-mentioned dual mode any, as long as this lithium-containing compound and mixture I are mixed.Wherein, for cooperating with silicon-oxygen-carbon glass ceramics, make negative material reach best chemical property, elemental lithium accounts for 0.05～10% of mixture I and elemental lithium total weight in the lithium-containing compound.
In the step (2), the temperature of the decomposition lithium-containing compound that described heating and decomposition temperature is this area routine, preferable is 300～900 ℃.Decompose effect preferably for reaching among the present invention, what the described heating and decomposition time was preferable is 0.5～10 hour, and better is 1～8 hour.Described cooling preferable for being cooled to room temperature.What described inert gas was preferable is nitrogen.Described grinding and to sieve be the requirement of satisfying lithium battery for the particle diameter that makes the negative material that obtains, the size of sieve aperture is preferably more than 400 orders.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery negative material that is made by the preparation method of above-mentioned lithium ion battery negative material.Contain silicon-oxygen-carbon glass ceramics in this negative material, it has higher reversible lithium-inserting amount.Wherein, silicon is present in the negative material with atom or molecular dimension, is significantly less than silicon particle size of the prior art, can be scattered in well in the negative material, effectively reduces bulk effect.The existence of conductive carbon can improve the conductivity of negative material.The existence of lithium can form one deck solid film on the surface of negative material in the negative material, reduces electrolytical decomposition.The cooperative effect of above-mentioned triple factors can effectively reduce and repeats to discharge and recharge the change in volume that causes, makes this negative material have higher reversible embedding lithium capacity and higher cycle life.
The present invention also provides a kind of new lithium ion battery, and it comprises lithium ion battery negative material of the present invention.Lithium ion battery of the present invention can adopt the method for this area routine to be prepared.
Room temperature described in the present invention is 20～40 ℃.
Among the present invention, but above-mentioned optimum condition combination in any on the basis that meets this area general knowledge promptly gets the preferred embodiments of the invention.
All commercially available the getting of raw material, reagent that the present invention is used.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of new lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery cathode material and its preparation method.Silicon is scattered in the negative material with atom or molecular forms in the lithium ion battery negative material of the present invention, makes negative material in use can not produce bulk effect; Contain silicon-oxygen-carbon glass ceramics simultaneously in this negative material, can significantly improve reversible lithium-inserting amount, thereby can improve the specific capacity of lithium ion battery well, make it have good cycle performance and multiplying power discharging property.Lithium ion battery of the present invention and lithium ion battery negative material all have higher capacity and useful life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 1 gained negative material;
Fig. 2 is the cycle life curve of embodiment 2 gained negative materials, and wherein curve 1 and 2 is the cycle charge discharge curve, and 1 is discharge curve, and 2 is charging curve.Curve 3 is efficiency for charge-discharge-cycle-index line.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but the present invention is not limited.
Polyphenyl methyl siloxane among the following embodiment and dimethyl silicone polymer are available from the DOW CORNING chemical company.
Embodiment 1
One, the preparation of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) 100mg conductive carbon black and 400mg polyphenyl methyl siloxane (weight ratio 2: 8) are mixed, place argon gas atmosphere, pulverize, cross 400 mesh sieves, get mixture I in 1100 ℃ of cracking 1 hour;
(2) get mixture I 150mg, add the tetrahydrofuran solution (elemental lithium account for mixture I and elemental lithium total weight 7.4%) of 3.4mL 0.5mol/L trimethyl silane ethyl-acetylene lithium, fully mix soak into mixtures II; Under nitrogen protection,, be cooled to room temperature, grind, cross 400 mesh sieves promptly in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours.
Two, the test of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) structural behaviour:
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of this negative material.From collection of illustrative plates, as can be seen, a tangible graphite diffraction maximum is arranged in the negative material of gained.In addition, there is not the obvious diffraction peak.Explanation thus, the negative material of gained belong to the complex of amorphous silicon-oxygen-carbon glass ceramic material and graphite coexistence, and the decomposition of lithium-containing compound does not stay tangible crystalline state species on the surface of material.
(2) chemical property:
Adopt conventional battery performance method of testing, the product that obtains is made the research electrode, in button cell, carry out performance test.During test, temperature is a room temperature, adopts constant current charge-discharge, and current density is 50mA/g, and control reference voltage is 0.005-2.0V.
The preparation method of research electrode is as follows: with the gained negative material by 9: 1 weight ratio with after Kynoar solution mixes, slurry is evenly spread upon on the Copper Foil that cleans through acetone with scraper, 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 12 hours, pass through compressing tablet, cutting then, make the research electrode.
The assembling mode of button cell is as follows: as to electrode, Celgard 2300 is as barrier film with the lithium sheet, and electrolyte adopts and contains 1M LiPF
6EC-DMC (1: 1) solution.
Electrochemical results shows that the lithium of the embedding first capacity of gained negative material is 713mAh/g, and the reversible lithium capacity that takes off is 534mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 75% first.20 times the reversible lithium capacity that takes off in circulation back is 443mAh/g, capacity be first capacity 83%.Reversible capacity is higher than graphitic carbon material (372mAh/g), and cycle life is much higher than the carbon-silicon-pre-ceramic material of oxygen glass (seeing the comparative example) of direct decomposition polysiloxanes gained.
Embodiment 2
One, the preparation of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) 150mg graphous graphite powder and 350mg polyphenyl methyl siloxane (weight ratio 3: 7) are mixed, place argon gas atmosphere then, pulverize, cross 400 mesh sieves, get mixture I in 1100 ℃ of cracking 2 hours;
(2) get mixture I 150mg, add the tetrahydrofuran solution (elemental lithium account for mixture I and elemental lithium total weight 7.4%) of 3.4mL 0.5mol/L trimethyl silane ethyl-acetylene lithium, fully mix soak into mixtures II; Under nitrogen protection,, be cooled to room temperature, grind, cross 400 mesh sieves promptly in 400 ℃ of roastings 2 hours.
Two, the test of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) structural behaviour:
The XRD figure of this negative material spectrum is with embodiment 1, shows that the gained negative material has the crystal phase structure identical with embodiment 1.
(2) chemical property:
Adopt the battery performance method of testing of embodiment 1 to test.Test result shows that the lithium of the embedding first capacity of gained negative material is 670mAh/g, and the reversible lithium capacity that takes off is 545mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 81.3% first.20 times the reversible lithium capacity that takes off in circulation back is 512mAh/g, capacity be first capacity 93.9%, efficiency for charge-discharge is near 100%.The reversible capacity of material is much higher than graphitic carbon material (372mAh/g), and the cycle life of material has also obtained further raising.Fig. 2 is the cycle charge discharge curve of this material.
Embodiment 3
One, the preparation of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) 300mg graphous graphite powder and 200mg dimethyl silicone polymer (weight ratio 6: 4) are mixed, place argon gas atmosphere then, pulverize, cross 400 mesh sieves, get mixture I in 800 ℃ of cracking 10 hours;
(2) get mixture I 150mg, add the 100mg lithium hydroxide (elemental lithium accounts for 10% of mixture I and elemental lithium total weight,, fully mix soak into mixtures II; Under nitrogen protection,, be cooled to room temperature, grind, cross 400 mesh sieves promptly in 900 ℃ of roastings 10 hours.
Two, the test of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) structural behaviour:
The XRD figure of this negative material spectrum is with embodiment 1, shows that the gained negative material has the crystal phase structure identical with embodiment 1.
(2) chemical property:
Adopt the battery performance method of testing of embodiment 1 to test.Test result shows that the lithium of the embedding first capacity of gained negative material is 698mAh/g, and the reversible lithium capacity that takes off is 583mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 83.5% first.20 times the reversible lithium capacity that takes off in circulation back is 554mAh/g, capacity be first capacity 95.1%, efficiency for charge-discharge is near 100%.The reversible capacity of material is much higher than graphitic carbon material (372mAh/g), and the cycle life of material has also obtained further raising.
Embodiment 4
One, the preparation of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) 300mg graphous graphite powder and 300mg dimethyl silicone polymer (weight ratio 5: 5) are mixed, place argon gas atmosphere then, pulverize, cross 400 mesh sieves, get mixture I in 1400 ℃ of cracking 1 hour;
(2) get mixture I 150mg, add 1.1mg two hydration lithium acetates (elemental lithium accounts for 0.05% of mixture I and elemental lithium total weight,, fully mix soak into mixtures II; Under nitrogen protection,, be cooled to room temperature, grind, cross 400 mesh sieves promptly in 300 ℃ of roastings 1 hour.
Two, the test of lithium ion battery negative material:
(1) structural behaviour:
The XRD figure of this negative material spectrum is with embodiment 1, shows that the gained negative material has the crystal phase structure identical with embodiment 1.
(2) chemical property:
Adopt the battery performance method of testing of embodiment 1 to test.Test result shows that the lithium of the embedding first capacity of gained negative material is 628mAh/g, and the reversible lithium capacity that takes off is 490mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 78% first.20 times the reversible lithium capacity that takes off in circulation back is 425mAh/g, capacity be first capacity 86.7%, efficiency for charge-discharge is near 100%.The reversible capacity of material is much higher than graphitic carbon material (372mAh/g), and the cycle life of material has also obtained further raising.
The comparative example
One, the preparation of lithium ion battery negative material: directly place argon gas atmosphere in 1100 ℃ of cracking 2 hours polyphenyl methyl siloxane.Product after the cracking gets negative material through pulverizing, cross 400 mesh sieves.
XRD analysis shows that this product has amorphous structure.
Two, the electrochemical property test of lithium ion battery negative material:
The battery performance method of testing is with embodiment 1.
Difference makes as follows for the research electrode: the gained negative material is mixed with conductive carbon black and Kynoar binding agent by 7: 2: 1 weight ratio, slurry is evenly spread upon on the Copper Foil that cleans through acetone with scraper, 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 12 hours, pass through compressing tablet, cutting then, make the research electrode.
After tested, the lithium of the embedding first capacity of this negative material is 1382mAh/g, and the reversible lithium capacity that takes off is 769mAh/g, and coulombic efficiency is 55.6% first.20 times the reversible lithium capacity that takes off in circulation back is 453mAh/g, and capacity has only 58.9% of capacity first.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a lithium ion battery negative material, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) conductive carbon and polysiloxanes are mixed, cracking carbonization under inert gas shielding is ground, and after sieving, gets mixture I;
(2) mixture I is mixed with lithium-containing compound, get mixtures II; Under inert gas shielding, the lithium-containing compound in the described mixtures II of heating and decomposition, cooling is ground, and sieves, and gets final product.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (1), described conductive carbon is one or more in graphitized carbon, Delanium, native graphite, conductive carbon black and the carbon nano-tube.
3. the preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mixing ratio of described conductive carbon and polysiloxanes is weight ratio 2: 8～6: 4.
4. as the preparation method of each described lithium ion battery negative material in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: in the step (1), described cracking temperature is 800～1400 ℃; The described cracking time is 1～10 hour.
5. as the preparation method of each described lithium ion battery negative material in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), described lithium-containing compound is one or more in lithium salts, lithia and the lithium hydroxide.
6. the preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described lithium salts is organic lithium salt and/or inorganic lithium salt; Described organic lithium salt is one or more in lithium acetate, tert-butyl alcohol lithium, lithium methoxide, acetoacetate lithium and the trimethyl silane ethyl-acetylene lithium; Described inorganic lithium salt is one or more in lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and the lithium nitrate.
7. as the preparation method of each described lithium ion battery negative material in the claim 1～6, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), the content of elemental lithium is 0.05～10% of mixture I and elemental lithium total weight in the described lithium-containing compound.
8. as the preparation method of each described lithium ion battery negative material in the claim 1～7, it is characterized in that: in the step (2), described heating and decomposition temperature is 300～900 ℃; The heating and decomposition time is 0.5～10 hour.
9. lithium ion battery negative material for preparing with each described method in the claim 1～8.
10. lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that: it contains the described lithium ion battery negative material of claim 9.
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| CN103165870A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-19 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | Silicon-based composite material, lithium ion battery, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104332608A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2015-02-04 | 新乡远东电子科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery silicon composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106299314A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-04 | 焦作聚能能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery |
| CN107994225A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 徐军红 | A kind of porous silicon-carbon composite cathode material and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery |
| CN112652755A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103165870A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-19 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | Silicon-based composite material, lithium ion battery, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN106299314B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2019-10-11 | 焦作聚能能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery |
| CN107994225A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 徐军红 | A kind of porous silicon-carbon composite cathode material and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery |
| CN107994225B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-09-25 | 徐军红 | Porous silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN112652755A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery |
| CN112652755B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-07-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery |
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