CN102175077B - Apparatus for melting metal by electron beams and process for producing high-melting metal ingot using this apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus for melting metal by electron beams and process for producing high-melting metal ingot using this apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102175077B CN102175077B CN2011100212764A CN201110021276A CN102175077B CN 102175077 B CN102175077 B CN 102175077B CN 2011100212764 A CN2011100212764 A CN 2011100212764A CN 201110021276 A CN201110021276 A CN 201110021276A CN 102175077 B CN102175077 B CN 102175077B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1295—Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/02—Crowns; Roofs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
- F27D2099/003—Bombardment heating, e.g. with ions or electrons
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Abstract
This invention provides an electron beam melting apparatus and a melting method that, in producing an ingot by dissolving a metal with an electron beam, can suppress the occurrence of new impurities in the ingot production, are less likely to again cause inclusion of once evaporated impurities from a melt pool within a hearth or a mold, and can be improved in operating rate. The electron beam melting apparatus for melting a high-melting metal comprises a raw material feed part for feeding a raw material, a raw material melting part, which is continued from the raw material feed part and, at the same time, is defined by a furnace wall and a ceiling wall, and comprises at least a hearth, a water cooling mold and an electron gun, and an exhaust part continued from the raw material melting part. In this electron beam melting apparatus, at least one of the furnace wall and the ceiling wall is lined with titanium or stainless steel, and, in addition, a plurality of fin-shaped members formed of titanium or stainless steel is provided in the ceiling wall. A lining, which can be attached and detached, is provided on the inner face of the electron beam melting apparatus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to found the device and method of high-melting metal ingot such as titanium, more particularly, relate to and to suppress the electron-beam melting technology that LDI pollution sources such as (low-density field trashes) are blended into the utilization of capacity that improves melting furnace in the ingot and effectively.
Background technology
In the past, Titanium was used for aeroplane timber material or parts more, still, in recent years, along with the exploitation to its purposes, also it was widely used for building materials, road or sports goods etc.
In the past; Usually adopt following method as the method that obtains this Titanium; Titanium sponge to being made by kroll reduction process (titanium tetrachloride is reduced and obtain titanium with magnesium metal) carries out fragmentation, whole grain; Then, make up the agglomerate of a plurality of extrusion formings and process consumable electrode, obtain Titanium through it being melted with vacuum arc.
But; In recent years; Requirement for the high-purityization that satisfies the titanium ingot; Mostly adopt electron beam melting furnace to replace above-mentioned vacuum arc furnace ignition, this electron beam melting furnace is with the electron-beam melting titanium sponge and make it to flow into and obtain ingot in the mold, in electron beam melting furnace, uses the extraordinary cupola well formula of refining effect electron beam melting furnace especially continually.
Under the situation of utilizing such electron beam melting furnace, furnace pressure is remained below 10 of vacuum arc furnace melting 1～2 one magnitude
-3～10
-4Carry out the fusing of titanium ingot in the reduced pressure atmosphere of Torr level, can realize high refining effect, the result can make the high-purity titanium with 4N or the horizontal purity of 5N.Owing under high vacuum, carry out electron-beam melting; So there is following problem; Promptly cause condensation, the impurity of separating out and titanium to be attached on the furnace wall and roof of electron beam melting furnace along with the evaporation of impurity and titanium self; And the constituent material of furnace wall and roof and above-mentioned impurity and titanium generate compound.
Like this, above-mentioned impurity and the compound (following be called sometimes " impurity etc. ") locating to generate in the furnace wall etc. increase with number of times of meltting with being directly proportional.Under this situation,, then there is impurity etc. self because not anti-its deadweight drops to the danger below the stove if the impurity etc. of leaving is attached on the furnace wall etc.Drop under the situation in the motlten metal in mold or the cupola well at this impurity etc., owing to the impurity of in mold etc., having sneaked into accumulation makes the quality badness of ingot.
For this reason, in existing electron beam melting furnace, after taking out the titanium ingot that generates outside the stove, try one's best and remove upkeep operation attached to metal powder in the stove or metal derby at a series of melting process of completion.
This operation look melting furnace size, melting furnace internal face pollution condition and decide; But till the state that can re-use melting furnace, need about about 3～7 days time mostly; During this upkeep operation, can not carry out next fusing, thereby become the low main cause of the utilization of capacity that causes electron beam melting furnace.Under the situation to the rush of demand of Titanium in recent years, just become the problem that needs to be resolved hurrily even slightly shorten the utilization of capacity that fusing time and maintenance time improve melting furnace.
For the maintenance in the melting furnace, disassemble maintenance with staff basically usually, and proposed for example to utilize the cleaning method that does not rely on staff (for example with reference to patent documentation 1) of water under high pressure as the low countermeasure of the utilization of capacity of above-mentioned melting furnace.According to this technology, can remove attachment by inject high pressure water, so with carry out upkeep operation with staff and compare, can expect to safeguard such effect with the short time.
In addition, the problems referred to above are also descended many time, particularly disclose the technology that roof to electron beam melting furnace etc. is improved.For example disclose the condensate holding device that low temperature hearth refining is used (for example with reference to patent documentation 2), configuration has the part on concave surface water-cooled surface on siege, is used to be captured in the condensation product of the evaporation composition of the alloy of processing in the siege.According to this technology, owing on the roof of electron beam melting furnace, laid a plurality of recesses that are called as honeycomb, so in this recess, separate out solid-state impurity, this impurity and also be difficult to the effect that falls downwards even have.
In addition; The method (for example with reference to patent documentation 3) that the coagulum that prevents the impurity evaporation metal in the melting furnace falls is also disclosed; This method comprises following operation: in vacuum environment, utilize heater fusing Nb-Al alloy; Under the state on remaining in the cupola well that is disposed in the melting furnace, Al comes refining Nb through evaporation; The Nb that accomplishes refining transferred to make the Nb ingot on the cold-crucible; And the rotary body that the band cooling device is set above cold-crucible, in the bottom of this rotary body the net that is made into by stainless steel wire is installed removably, evaporation Al roughly evenly and is densely adhered to be set on the net.In this technology, netted plectane is rotated the superjacent air space portion that remains on molten bath (remaining in the mold), make from the impurity and the titanium tetrachloride vapor condensation of molten bath volatilization, prevent that they are attached on the roof of electron-beam melting device.
And, following technology (for example with reference to patent documentation 4) is also disclosed, the whole cupola well scope of electron beam is covered by the cold plate that is arranged at directly over it, captures above that from the impurity of cupola well volatilization, prevents that impurity is attached on the roof.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2004-183923 communique
Patent documentation 2: japanese kokai publication hei 11-132664 communique
Patent documentation 3: japanese kokai publication hei 11-061288 communique
Patent documentation 4: No. 5222547, United States Patent (USP)
But, though can how much realize the shortening of time according to the method for patent documentation 1; Cleaning the situation that needs certain hour in the melting furnace does not but change to some extent; During this period, melting process is in holding state, thereby does not fundamentally solve the low problem of the utilization of capacity.In addition; The technology that patent documentation 2 to 4 is put down in writing all is that titanium tetrachloride vapor that volatilizees the titanium melting layer in remaining on cupola well or mold or impurity capture are captured it to roof or before it arrives roof; They all have separating out of solids really; But, but can not guarantee not have solids to drop in the molten bath according to its situation about separating out.
Particularly; Under the situation of sneaking into the very harsh titanium ingot that is used for aircraft of requirement of founding to HDI (high density inclusions) and LDI (low-density field trash); Even what sneak into the impurity of ingot and be trace also is unallowed; To such purposes, require to develop the melting appartus that sneak into, make the titanium ingot efficiently with the high utilization of capacity that to do one's utmost to suppress impurity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes in view of above-mentioned requirements just; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electron-beam melting device; It can be suppressed at the new impurity that produces when titanium sponge or useless titanium are founded the titanium ingot with melting; Make the impurity of temporary transient evaporation the molten bath in cupola well and mold be difficult to sneak into once more its molten bath, and improved the utilization of capacity through shortening maintenance time.
The electron-beam melting device that the inventor sneaks into the molten bath in view of the above-mentioned origin of an incident to the impurity that can suppress to evaporate the molten bath in cupola well and mold has once more carried out research with keen determination.The result; Obtained following opinion: through utilize titanium or stainless steel lining and the fin-shaped parts are set at least one side of furnace wall and roof inner surface on above-mentioned roof, the impurity that can make condensation is stayed the upper surface of fin-shaped parts and is suppressed impurity and drop to below in the stove.
The inventor also obtains following opinion: above-mentioned fin-shaped parts preferably are made up of titanium or stainless steel, and in the case, the titanium tetrachloride vapor that can suppress effectively from the inner molten bath of cupola well and mold, to evaporate is to the corrosion of furnace wall and roof.The present invention makes in view of such opinion just.
That is to say; Electron-beam melting device of the present invention is the device of fusing refractory metal; Comprise raw material supplying portion, the raw materials melt portion of base feed and the exhaust portion that links to each other with raw materials melt portion, this raw materials melt portion links to each other with raw material supplying portion and is formed by furnace wall and roof zoning, and this raw materials melt portion has cupola well, junker mold and electron gun at least; It is characterized in that; Utilize titanium or stainless steel lining at least one side of furnace wall and roof, and, a plurality of fin-shaped parts that constitute by titanium or stainless steel on roof, be provided with.
And; The inventor obtains following opinion: make curtain-shaped cover member be positioned at the below of above-mentioned roof; Thereby cut-out is from the path of the titanium or the impurity arrival roof of the molten bath evaporation of cupola well and junker mold; Through like this curtain-shaped cover member being configured on the above-mentioned furnace wall, can suppress the amount of the titanium tetrachloride vapor of generation effectively in the roof condensation from the molten bath.The inventor also obtains following opinion simultaneously: extend if above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is seen from the side of electron-beam melting device from above-mentioned furnace wall to the center direction of device and to the top, then can give full play to above-mentioned inhibition effect.The invention that illustrates is below made with regard to being based on these opinions.
That is to say, in above-mentioned electron-beam melting device, preferably on above-mentioned furnace wall, dispose curtain-shaped cover member, this curtain-shaped cover member is seen from above-mentioned furnace wall to the center direction of device and to the top from the side of device and is extended; And above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member preferably is made up of metal or the pottery that fusing point is higher than refractory metal.In addition, hope very much to constitute the metal of above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member or the temperature that pottery remains on the fusing point of not enough refractory metal.Such metal preferably uses molybdenum or tantalum, and pottery is preferred to use calcium oxide or yittrium oxide, or the material that they are compound.
In addition; The inventor obtains following opinion: be utilized in that cooling end (following be called sometimes " condenser pipe ") that the downstream of the exhaust portion in the device are provided with in addition captures titanium tetrachloride vapor or the impurity of the temporary transient evaporation from the molten bath and with its Separation and Recovery; Thus; The constituent material that can suppress titanium tetrachloride vapor or impurity and furnace wall or roof carries out chemical combination high-levelly, can prevent further that impurity etc. from sneaking into the molten bath.Thus, can further improve the purity of the molten titanium in cupola well and the water cooled mo(u)ld, and then the purity of ingot is remained on very high level.The invention that illustrates is below made with regard to being based on this opinion.
That is to say, in above-mentioned electron-beam melting device, further preferably, the condenser pipe of refractory metal steam is set in the downstream of exhaust portion.This condenser pipe can be set as one with the electron-beam melting device, also can be arranged to split.
In addition; The inventor also obtains following opinion: through in advance the inner surface setting of electron beam melting furnace can dismounting furnace lining; Can finish the back in fusing and change the furnace lining of having piled up attachment, thus, can shorten the upkeep operation time that fusing finishes the required stove in back significantly with new furnace lining; As a result, can improve the utilization of capacity of melting furnace significantly.
That is to say; Electron-beam melting device of the present invention is the device of fusing refractory metal; It comprises raw material supplying portion, the raw materials melt portion of base feed and the exhaust portion that links to each other with raw materials melt portion, and this raw materials melt portion links to each other with raw material supplying portion and formed by furnace wall and roof zoning, and this raw materials melt portion has cupola well, junker mold and electron gun at least; It is characterized in that, be provided with removable furnace lining at the inner surface of electron-beam melting device.
Above-mentioned furnace lining preferably includes top furnace lining, sidewall furnace lining and bottom furnace lining, and each furnace lining can independently carry out dismounting.
And the present invention provides the manufacturing approach of high-melting metal ingot, it is characterized in that, adopts the electron-beam melting device with said structure.
According to the present invention; Surfacing at least through furnace wall in the suitable selecting arrangement and roof; Can be suppressed at the generation of founding the stylish impurity of refractory metal such as titanium; And,, can suppress from the molten bath temporary transient evaporation effectively and be blended into the problem the molten bath at the impurity of roof condensation through curtain-shaped cover member being set or disposing above-mentioned condenser pipe.As a result, can the quality of ingot be remained on quite high level.In addition; According to the present invention; Can the dismounting furnace lining, so in melting furnace, accomplish metal molten and cool off and after pulling out as ingot, can promptly pull down vapor deposition has the furnace lining of motlten metal and the furnace lining of newly getting ready is installed and then is started melting furnace.Like this, for melting furnace of the present invention, can shorten the upkeep operation in the stove significantly, the result has played the effect that improves the utilization of capacity of melting furnace significantly.In addition, owing to reduced the operation frequency of the inner surface that is used to clean melting furnace, can avoid effectively because of corroding the problem in the shortening stove life-span of being caused so played.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the side view of first embodiment of expression electron-beam melting device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side view of second embodiment of expression electron-beam melting device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the side view of the 3rd embodiment of expression electron-beam melting device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the side view of the 4th embodiment of expression electron-beam melting device of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
10a～10d electron-beam melting device
11 cupola wells
12 junker molds
13 electron guns
The 13a electron beam
14 exhaust nozzles
15 furnace walls
16 roofs
17 fin-shaped parts
18 titanium materials
19 ingots
31 top furnace linings
32 sidewall furnace linings
33 attachment carriers
34 bottom furnace linings
The specific embodiment
Preferred implementation of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the side view of the preferred electron bundle melting appartus 10a of expression first embodiment of the present invention.This electron-beam melting device 10a be provided with melt titanium cupola well 11, from cupola well 11 flow into the junker mold 12 of molten titaniums, the electron gun 13 of irradiating electron beam 13a and the exhaust nozzle 14 that is connected with not shown decompressor to the molten bath of cupola well 11 and junker mold 12.In the figure, raw material supplying portion representes the zone in cupola well 11 left sides, and raw materials melt portion representes the zone from the left end of cupola well 11 to exhaust nozzle 14 roots, and exhaust portion representes that exhaust nozzle 14 roots play the zone on right side.
In electron-beam melting device 10a shown in Figure 1, the roof 16 of furnace wall 15 and domed links to each other, and a plurality of fin-shaped parts 17 are installed on this roof 16.Furnace wall 15, roof 16 and fin-shaped parts 17 are preferably processed by titanium or stainless steel, but also can use on other material the material that obtains with stainless steel or titanium lining.It is in order easily a plurality of fin-shaped parts 17 to be installed on the roof 16 that roof 16 is processed domed.
Adopt the device of this spline structure, fusing titanium sponge and obtaining under the situation of titanium ingot at first, is sent into the titanium material 18 as raw material from raw material supplying portion to cupola well 11 in practical operation, utilizes electron gun 13 to make it fusing then.Next, the molten titanium that in cupola well 11, generates is flow in the junker mold 12, form ingot 19 on one side by electron gun 13 adjustment temperature on one side, and utilize not shown ingot draw-off gear to carry out drawing downwards.
According to such electron-beam melting device 10a; Furnace wall 15 and roof 16 utilize the titanium lining of high anticorrosive property; Even thereby the temperature in the stove becomes very high when founding; The constituent material of furnace wall 15 and roof 16 can not be corroded because of titanium tetrachloride vapor or the impurity that evaporates from cupola well 11 and the molten titanium pond the junker mold 12 yet, can stably carry out the manufacturing of ingot.
In addition; In above-mentioned a series of operation; When move the top when becoming steam from the titanium in the molten titanium pond in cupola well 11 or the junker mold 12 or impurity in device; Titanium or the part of impurity of evaporation are discharged to the outside via exhaust nozzle 14, and still, the titanium of most evaporation or impurity can arrive furnace wall 15 with roof 16 and condensation.
Like this, most evaporation titanium or impurity arrive furnace wall 15 with roof 16 and condensation, and along with the increase of founding number of times, the amount of condensation also increases thereupon, thereby has the tendency that falls because of its deadweight downwards.But; Owing on roof 16, disposed a plurality of fin-shaped parts 17 as the invention inscape of the present invention; So this fin component 17 has played the effect of the pallet of the titanium of accepting condensation or impurity, can suppress impurity etc. effectively and drop in the molten bath of cupola well 11 and junker mold 12.As shown in Figure 1, form curved shape through free end side with fin-shaped parts 17, can suppress to accumulate in falling of titanium or impurity on the fin-shaped parts 17 more effectively.
Can know from above effect, effect; Under the situation of the electron-beam melting device 10a that uses first embodiment; Because furnace wall 15 and roof 16 are carried out lining processing, thereby can prevent the generation of new impurity effectively, and; Owing on roof 16, be provided with a plurality of fin-shaped parts 17, thereby can suppress to cause the problem of the quality reduction of ingot effectively because of falling of titanium or impurity.
Fig. 2 is the side view of the preferred electron bundle melting appartus 10b of expression second embodiment of the present invention.The basic structure of device shown in Figure 2 is identical with the basic structure of device shown in Figure 1.Therefore, in the present embodiment too, raw material supplying portion representes the zone in cupola well 11 left sides, and raw materials melt portion representes the zone from the left end of cupola well 11 to exhaust nozzle 14 roots, and exhaust portion representes that exhaust nozzle 14 roots play the zone on right side.
In electron-beam melting device 10b shown in Figure 2, on furnace wall 15, append configuration curtain-shaped cover member 20, make this curtain-shaped cover member 20 be positioned at the below of roof 16.Curtain-shaped cover member 20 is used to cut off the path that arrives roof 16 from the titanium of the molten bath evaporation of cupola well 11 and junker mold 12 or impurity.As shown in Figure 2, curtain-shaped cover member 20 is preferably at central part has the back taper that is used to make the peristome that electron beam 13a passes through, but also can take the circumstances into consideration to select for use other shape beyond this shape.In the present embodiment; Curtain-shaped cover member 20 forms back taper; Promptly form from the side of device and see from the furnace wall 15 to the center direction of device and the shape of extending to the top, like this, even under the situation that impurity etc. falls from fin-shaped parts 17; Impurity etc. is stacked on the curtain-shaped cover member 20, prevents that impurity etc. from falling downwards from curtain-shaped cover member 20.
The material that curtain-shaped cover member 20 preferred fusing points by Mo or Ta that kind are higher than titanium is processed.When founding the titanium ingot, the temperature of curtain-shaped cover member 20 preferably is heated to 1000～1600 ℃ in advance, more preferably is heated near 1300～1600 ℃.But if reach the fusing point of titanium, then existence causes the danger that the intensity of ingot descends with the titanium generation alloy of evaporation, so, preferably remain the fusing point that does not reach titanium.
Can be through shining by electron beam 13a or heater being installed in advance and the temperature of curtain-shaped cover member 20 is remained in the said temperature scope.Remain on such temperature province through heating in advance, can suppress the titanium tetrachloride vapor of evaporation from cupola well 11 and junker mold 12 and separate out at the lower surface of curtain-shaped cover member 20.Under above-mentioned effect, can suppress solid impurity as the reason that generates LDI or HDI and fall and sneak into the problem in cupola well 11 and the junker mold 12, thus, can suppress the deterioration of titanium ingot quality effectively.
On the other hand; Curtain-shaped cover member 20 has also played the effect that captures parts; Promptly as stated, the titanium of separating out from the lower surface of fin-shaped parts 17 and solidifying or impurity because of the situation that can't bear its deadweight and fall under, utilize the upper surface of this curtain-shaped cover member that it is captured.
In addition, above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member 20 also can be processed by calcium oxide or yittrium oxide or their composite ceramics.In the case, the temperature of curtain-shaped cover member 20 still preferably remains on 1000～1600 ℃, more preferably 1300～1600 ℃ high-temperature area.In addition, when processing curtain-shaped cover member 20, heater preferably is installed the temperature of curtain-shaped cover member is remained in the said temperature scope with above-mentioned pottery.Through curtain-shaped cover member 20 is remained in this high-temperature area, can suppress titanium tetrachloride vapor condensation, separate out, the result can suppress impurity effectively and sneak in the ingot.
Arrival is held the part of titanium tetrachloride vapor of curtain-shaped cover member 20 of this temperature at the surface condensation of curtain-shaped cover member 20; But; Most titanium tetrachloride vapor is still keeping gas phase state to flow to oblique below along the inner surface of curtain-shaped cover member 20, and is discharged to outside the not shown stove.
Fig. 3 is the side view of the preferred electron bundle melting appartus 10c of expression the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3; The titanium tetrachloride vapor or the impurity that will from the titanium molten bath in cupola well 11 and the junker mold 12, evaporate import in the condenser pipe 21 with the condition of high temperature; This condenser pipe 21 is independent of melting appartus 10 and is arranged at the downstream of exhaust portion, titanium tetrachloride vapor or impurity is cooled off and with its Separation and Recovery in condenser pipe 21.In this embodiment, dispose two electron guns 13,22, the electron beam 13a from electron gun 13 is shone to the titanium molten bath of junker mold 12, and the electron beam 22a from electron gun 22 is shone to the titanium molten bath of cupola well 11.In the figure, raw material supplying portion representes the zone in cupola well 11 left sides, raw materials melt portion represent the to attenuate zone of tapering left part of shape from the left end of cupola well 11 to the end that constitutes by furnace wall 15 and roof 16, and exhaust portion is represented zone, above-mentioned tapering.
In electron-beam melting device 10c shown in Figure 3, not only on the inner surface of roof 16, on the inner surface of furnace wall 15, also dispose the heating plate with corrosion resistance 23 that is heated to high temperature.The titanium tetrachloride vapor that heating plate 23 preferably remains on the evaporation from the molten bath in advance is difficult to the high-temperature area in heating plate 23 condensations.Specifically, preferably remain in advance about 1000～1600 ℃, and to remain on the temperature this point that does not reach the titanium fusing point in advance be very important.Through remaining in such high-temperature area, can so that most above-mentioned titanium tetrachloride vapor or impurity can be but are imported into condenser pipe 21 in heating plate 23 condensations.Therefore, impurity etc. can not sneaked in cupola well 11 and the junker mold 12, and in condenser pipe 21, become attachment 23 or the deposit 25 separated recovery in back.Heating plate 23 preferably is made up of molybdenum that can tolerate above-mentioned high-temperature area or tantalum.
In addition, other not shown condenser pipe is set in the downstream of condenser pipe 21, can carries out the recovery of titanium tetrachloride vapor or impurity more efficiently.Through adopting the device of said structure, can suppress to arrive the metal powder of the vacuum-pumping equipment 26 that is arranged on condenser pipe 21 downstream or the amount of dust, can prolong the life-span of vacuum-pumping equipment 26.
Fig. 4 is the side view of the preferred electron bundle melting appartus 10d of expression the 4th embodiment of the present invention.Electron-beam melting device 10d shown in Figure 4 is the sketch map of seeing from the right angle orientation at the visual angle of Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, and cupola well 11 is positioned at the inboard with raw material supplying portion when so observing.In electron-beam melting device 10d, on the inwall of roof 16, be provided with top furnace lining 31 removably.Likewise, on the inner surface of furnace wall 15, be provided with sidewall furnace lining 32 removably, be provided with bottom furnace lining 34 removably at the inner surface of diapire.The structure of fin-shaped parts 17 shown in Figure 1 also is applicable to above-mentioned top furnace lining 31.
In electron-beam melting device 10d, a part of titanium tetrachloride vapor that generates the titanium molten bath in molten titanium in remaining in cupola well 11 and the junker mold 12 is attached on top furnace lining 31, sidewall furnace lining 32 and the bottom furnace lining 34.When accomplishing the founding of ingot, disassembled melting appartus is replaced with new furnace lining with each furnace lining, assembles melting appartus again and uses it for founding of next titanium ingot.In existing melting appartus, need each when accomplishing the founding of ingot to carrying out the maintenance procedures that cleaning and removing is removed attached to the attachment on the inwall, thereby cause the utilization of capacity of melting appartus low.But, in the present invention, but can improve the utilization of capacity of melting appartus significantly.And the furnace lining of pulling down can carry out the cleaning and removing of attachment and removes and enable to utilize again in other operation.
Be elaborated in the face of each furnace lining down.
1. top furnace lining
Include impurity components such as low-melting-point metal in the titanium tetrachloride vapor that in the melting process of titanium, produces, therefore, do not hope to be blended in the mold because of this steam adheres to the precipitate that generates.In each furnace lining; The attachment of sidewall furnace lining and bottom furnace lining makes precipitate be difficult for dropping in the mold because of its position relation; Thereby be difficult to directly ingot produced harmful effect; And for the top furnace lining that is disposed at the molten titanium top, if the precipitate of leaving adheres to, then along with the carrying out of separating out can occur dropping to the problem in the motlten metal because of the deadweight of precipitate.For this reason, preferably adopt the motlten metal precipitate after adhering to, to be difficult to the structure that falls.
For example, above-mentioned fin-shaped parts preferably are set.The preferred that kind as shown in Figure 1 of above-mentioned fin-shaped parts is extended to horizontal direction from roof.In addition, more preferably, the terminal part of above-mentioned fin-shaped parts is crooked to the top.Through adopting such structure, can suppress falling of attachment effectively.
In addition, as alternate manner, the metal network structure of preferred planar ground configuration.If the top furnace lining adopts network structure, then precipitate will be hooked in the recess, compares during with the top furnace lining that adopts platy structure, and precipitate is difficult to fall.The material of net can be selected stainless steel for use, still, if select for use stainless steel can cause the pollution to product, also can select the titanium material for use.Through adopting the configuration of such structure, can suppress to be attached to the top furnace lining effectively and the falling of the precipitate of growing up.
The top furnace lining preferably can be with respect to the structure of top dismounting with comparalive ease.The for example preferred mounting structure that utilizes bolt or utilize hook that adopts.Through adopting such mounting structure, for example utilize just dismounting top furnace lining more easily of crane.As a result, attachment falls in the time of can suppressing dismounting top furnace lining effectively.
2. sidewall furnace lining
The sidewall furnace lining is installed in the inner wall part of main body, likewise preferably adopts the detachable mounted structure with the top furnace lining.Specifically, the structure that preferably adopts bolt or the enough doggings of ability to close.
The material preferable alloy of sidewall furnace lining, preferably the stainless steel by excellent corrosion resistance constitutes.In addition, under the very harsh situation that the pollution to impurity requires, preferably constitute by the titanium material.Thereby, also can adopt stable on heating synthetic resin to constitute at the position that the little temperature of radiant heat from cupola well or mold does not rise.Because the corrosion resistance of synthetic resin is strong, handle so be suitable for washing and drying.
More preferably, the attachment carrier 33 of engaging configuration that kind shown in Figure 4 in the lower end of sidewall furnace lining.Separating out under the situation that the attachment on sidewall furnace lining surface falls, can come effectively attachment to be reclaimed through disposing such attachment carrier 33.As a result, can suppress the bottom that attachment drops to melting furnace effectively.And, through the attachment that reclaims, refining should be reclaimed, can it be utilized as titanium material again.
The sidewall furnace lining can constitute metal plate-like structure, but also can likewise adopt network structure with the top furnace lining.Through the sidewall furnace lining is processed network structure, can suppress the whereabouts of attachment effectively.
3. bottom furnace lining
The bottom furnace lining is installed on the bottom of electron-beam melting device 10d, and preferred employing covers the structure of the whole bottom of melting furnace as far as possible.This is the attachment that falls in the time of can reclaiming dismounting top furnace lining and sidewall furnace lining effectively because of the such structure of employing.
In order to make the bottom furnace lining have above-mentioned functions, can adopt metal, still, also can adopt for example to have stable on heating synthetic resin and constitute.Through constitute the bottom furnace lining with such synthetic resin, can form shape and carry in the furnace lining of electron-beam melting device 10d bottom shape.
Synthetic resin can constitute with the resin of for example vinyl chloride or polystyrene, still, also can adopt FRP to constitute.Because FRP light weight and have certain intensity is so be suitable for the constituent material as bottom of the present invention furnace lining.
Usually; The melting appartus bottom forms the complicated slightly shape with convex-concave because of mold and fixed part thereof etc. are set; For be provided with can with corresponding bottom, such bottom furnace lining, can be with the imitative type that carries out the bottom earlier, again synthetic resin is injected method in this mould and form the bottom furnace lining.Through constitute the bottom furnace lining with such method, the bottom furnace lining is become and the tight state of contact in the bottom of melting appartus.
4. actual mode of operation
Appear at the situation of the inwall of melting appartus owing to exist, so after all furnace linings were pulled down from melting appartus, also hope was cleaned the melting appartus main body as required sometimes because of the titanium tetrachloride vapor from the clearance leakage of furnace lining causes precipitate.Judging do not have under the situation about inside being polluted, after the furnace lining that will have attachment is pulled down, can directly each furnace lining of having accomplished the replacing usefulness of safeguarding in advance be installed to the melting furnace body inner surface because of attachment.
After the installation of having accomplished furnace lining, top and main body are fastened, then to the suction of reducing pressure in the stove.After in confirming stove, reaching set vacuum, can begin above-mentioned fusing operation from the nubbin irradiating electron beam of electron gun in remaining on water-cooled cupola well and mold.
As stated, in the 4th embodiment, after melting process finishes,, just can carry out next melting process through taking electron-beam melting device 10d apart, pull down above-mentioned furnace lining, ready new furnace lining then being installed.And in the past, after taking melting appartus apart, remove the top that is deposited in melting appartus and the attachment on the inwall with staff, this operation needs about 5～7 days time, thereby becomes the low main cause of the utilization of capacity of device.
Like this, the utilization through adopting the 4th embodiment the melting appartus of furnace lining carry out the fusing of metal, can reduce the maintenance time after ingot is founded end significantly, the result has played the effect that can significantly improve the productivity ratio of melting furnace.In addition, also reduced and cleaned the frequency of melting furnace inner surface, thereby also played the effect of avoiding causing the lifetime of melting furnace effectively because of corrosion.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are shown below verify effect of the present invention.
[embodiment 1]
Adopt Fig. 1 to use the titanium sponge of electron-beam melting 1000kg and obtain the operation of titanium ingot to the device of structure shown in Figure 3 respectively.Adopt each device to carry out five these operations repeatedly respectively, then the LDI in the titanium ingot that generates is investigated, in any one titanium ingot, do not detect LDI.LDI is through the ingot forging rolling that generates is become thin plate and utilize radioscopy to observe to obtain.
[comparative example 1]
In the device of structure shown in Figure 1; Adopt not on furnace wall 15 and roof 16 lining and on roof 16, be not provided with the device of fin-shaped parts 17; Likewise obtain the titanium ingot with the example of foregoing invention; Check whether contain LDI in the titanium ingot then, at this moment, in five times fusion test, respectively for the first time and respectively to detect a particle diameter in the ingot of founding for the 4th time be the LDI about 1～2mm.
[embodiment 2]
Adopt shown in Figure 4 of the present inventionly to have top furnace lining, sidewall furnace lining and bottom furnace lining and power is the electron-beam melting device 10d of 2000KW, found the titanium ingot of 15 10t/ roots.Wait for that temperature is reduced to room temperature in the stove, take body of heater apart, pull down top furnace lining, sidewall furnace lining and bottom furnace lining then in order.Then, in the cleaning stove, each furnace lining that then maintenance is finished is installed to the inner surface of melting appartus 10d and assembles melting appartus 10d, thereby accomplishes the preparation of next melting process.The required time of this process is 3 days.
The furnace lining of pulling down from melting appartus grinds outside stove, washing and drying, makes it to be used for next assembling.
[comparative example 2]
Except furnace lining of the present invention is not installed, with the same condition of embodiment 2 under carry out melting process.After melting process finishes, to inside clean, wash, drying.Then, the assembling melting appartus makes it to be used for next melting process.The required time of this process is 6 days.
Can know metal electron bundle melting appartus of the present invention and adopt the melting method of this device to have to reduce significantly and finish the back at melting process melting furnace is safeguarded the effect of required time from the foregoing description 2 and comparative example 2.
Of great use, and the utilization of capacity ground that can significantly improve melting furnace is founded concerning hope suppresses the manufacturing of the titanium ingot that is used for aircraft of sneaking into of LDI with high level in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. electron-beam melting device; It is the device of fusing refractory metal; Comprise raw material supplying portion, the raw materials melt portion of base feed and the exhaust portion that links to each other with the above-mentioned raw materials fusing department, this raw materials melt portion links to each other with the above-mentioned raw materials supply unit and is formed by furnace wall and roof zoning, and this raw materials melt portion has cupola well, junker mold and electron gun at least; It is characterized in that; Utilize titanium or stainless steel lining at least one side of above-mentioned furnace wall and above-mentioned roof, and, a plurality of fin-shaped parts that constitute by titanium or stainless steel on above-mentioned roof, be provided with; On above-mentioned furnace wall, dispose curtain-shaped cover member, this curtain-shaped cover member is seen from above-mentioned furnace wall to the center direction of device and to the top from the side of device and is extended.
2. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is made up of metal or the pottery that fusing point is higher than above-mentioned refractory metal.
3. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, with metal that constitutes above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member or the ceramic temperature that remains on the fusing point of not enough above-mentioned refractory metal.
4. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the metal that constitutes above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is molybdenum or tantalum.
5. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the metal that constitutes above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is molybdenum or tantalum.
6. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the pottery that constitutes above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is calcium oxide, yittrium oxide or the material that they are compound.
7. electron-beam melting device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the pottery that constitutes above-mentioned curtain-shaped cover member is calcium oxide, yittrium oxide or the material that they are compound.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005-016396 | 2005-01-25 | ||
| JP2005016396A JP4443430B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2005-01-25 | Electron beam melting device |
| JP2005363412A JP4860253B2 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2005-12-16 | Metal electron beam melting apparatus and metal melting method using the apparatus |
| JP2005-363412 | 2005-12-16 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800097547A Division CN101147037B (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-23 | Apparatus for melting metal by electron beams and process for producing high-melting metal ingot using this apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102175077A CN102175077A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN102175077B true CN102175077B (en) | 2012-08-15 |
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| CN2011100212764A Active CN102175077B (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-23 | Apparatus for melting metal by electron beams and process for producing high-melting metal ingot using this apparatus |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1845325B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102175077B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602006016070D1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2401872C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006080269A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101293060B1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-08-05 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Roof for electric furnace |
| JP5871320B2 (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2016-03-01 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Electron beam melting furnace and operation method of electron beam melting furnace using the same |
| RU2499065C1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-11-20 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Уральские Инновационные Технологии" (ЗАО "УРАЛИНТЕХ") | Tantalum-base alloy refining method |
| CN103966458A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | 青海聚能钛业有限公司 | Single-electron gun cold hearth melting furnace |
| CN106868455B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-04-23 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Crucible and evaporation coating device is deposited |
| FR3082853B1 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-09-04 | Safran Aircraft Engines | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING INGOTS IN METAL COMPOUND BASED ON TITANIUM |
| CN112410575B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-01-24 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料股份有限公司 | Magnetic shielding system for electron beam melting furnace with double guns and double feeding systems |
| CN113249586B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2023-02-28 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Double-layer condensation cover for smelting titanium alloy in EB (Electron Beam) furnace |
| CN113249587B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-10-18 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Combined condensation cover for smelting titanium alloy in EB (Electron Beam) furnace |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265801A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1966-08-09 | Ass Elect Ind | Electron beam furnaces |
| US5222547A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1993-06-29 | Axel Johnson Metals, Inc. | Intermediate pressure electron beam furnace |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62176667A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-03 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Vacuum exhausting method |
| JP2529105Y2 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1997-03-19 | 住友シチックス株式会社 | Water-cooled crucible for vacuum melting |
| JPH1161288A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-03-05 | Nikko Kinzoku Kk | Method for preventing drop of solidified evaporated metallic impurity in melting furnace and solidified evaporated aluminum in melting furnace for niobium refining, and melting furnace therefor |
| DE69800856T2 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2002-09-12 | Titanium Hearth Technologies, Inc. | Condensate trap for melt treatment in cold hearth furnace |
-
2006
- 2006-01-23 CN CN2011100212764A patent/CN102175077B/en active Active
- 2006-01-23 RU RU2007132183/02A patent/RU2401872C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-23 EP EP06712160A patent/EP1845325B1/en active Active
- 2006-01-23 WO PCT/JP2006/300944 patent/WO2006080269A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-23 DE DE602006016070T patent/DE602006016070D1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265801A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1966-08-09 | Ass Elect Ind | Electron beam furnaces |
| US5222547A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1993-06-29 | Axel Johnson Metals, Inc. | Intermediate pressure electron beam furnace |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| JP昭62-176667A 1987.08.03 |
| JP昭63-80951A 1988.04.11 |
| JP特开平11-61288A 1999.03.05 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102175077A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| RU2401872C2 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| EP1845325A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| WO2006080269A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| EP1845325A4 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| RU2007132183A (en) | 2009-03-10 |
| DE602006016070D1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
| EP1845325B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
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