CN102150757B - Aquatic product feed additive composition, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aquatic product feed additive composition, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102150757B CN102150757B CN2011100378219A CN201110037821A CN102150757B CN 102150757 B CN102150757 B CN 102150757B CN 2011100378219 A CN2011100378219 A CN 2011100378219A CN 201110037821 A CN201110037821 A CN 201110037821A CN 102150757 B CN102150757 B CN 102150757B
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- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an aquatic product feed additive composition, a preparation method and application thereof. The composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of plant extract and 5-10 parts of montmorillonite, wherein the plant extract is prepared from the bulk pharmaceutical chemicals in parts by weight: 6-18 parts of wormwood, 6-18 parts of mintkit, 6-18 parts of astragalus root, 5-15 parts of white paeony root and 5-15 parts of fleece-flower root. The additive composition has the advantages of being good in palatability, enhancing animal appetite, improving fish intestinal tract functions, maintaining long-term health of fish alimentary canals, promoting digestive absorption of fishes, increasing fish organism immunocompetence, and strengthening health and stress resistance capacity; and after excrement enters a water body, water quality can be continuously improved, and problem of water degradation is relieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed addictive composition, relate in particular to a kind of feeding additive aquatic animal composition and method of making the same and application.
Background technology
At present, in culture fishery, there is the multiple factor that affects culture benefit, thereby mainly causes the problem that comprises following several respects.
At first, the intestinal health problem of aquatic livestock existence can affect culture benefit.Aquatic livestock is under the strong variations conditions such as internal and external environment such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the enteron aisle capillary is easily congested, the enteric epithelium inflammation, the intestinal villus epithelial cell shedding is downright bad, intestinal villus and microvillus damage, and the intestinal mucosa digestion power descends, punishment in advance is serious, malnutrition, and resistance descends, the intrusion of harmful cause of disease and a large amount of propagation, cause the enteron aisle attenuation, poor growth, the death rate strengthens, aquaculture cost increases, the benefit degradation.
Secondly, the mouldy and ANFs problem of raw material of aquatic product feed stuff can affect culture benefit.ANFs refers to that self or its metabolite affect the material of feed conversion, health status and the growth performance of animal.The ANFs that exists in plant material comprises that (1) affects the factor of albumen utilization and digestibility, for example protease inhibitors, tannic acid, phytohemagglutin phytolectin; (2) affect the factor that mineral matter utilizes, mainly refer to contain phytic acid, gossypol, oxalates; (3) the antivitamin factor; (4) other materials, for example venom rhzomorph, bashfully alkali element, cyanogen, nitrate, alkaloid, phytoestrogen and tannic acid.To weaken the absorption of nutriment after fish search for food, or cause the enteron aisle allergic reaction, suppress growth of animal.Following table 1 has been listed existing ANFs in aquatic plant protein raw materials commonly used.
The ANFs that exists in table 1 aquatic plant protein raw materials commonly used
If the condition of feedstuff or feed product is fit to conk, feed mildew rapidly, can produce more mycotoxin from Feed Manufacturing during this period of time to using.Poisoning usually being difficult to of mycotoxin diagnosed, and this is because most of Mycotoxicoses shapes are all nonspecific.Chronic mycotoxin is poisoning cause production performance to reduce and immune defense system impaired, for example immunocompetence descends, to disease susceptibility raising, the probability rising of Cancer, liver, courage, kidney disease etc.
At last, body eutrophication and water quality deterioration problem can affect culture benefit.Highdensity cultivation must coordinate high daily ration, feeding quantity, and daily ration, feeding quantity must cause fish to the NH of water body when high
3And excrement discharge is huge increases, and works as NH
3And the accumulation of Dali of fish excrement is when surpassing the natural load of water body, and the series of problems of water quality can produce thereupon.From the source that water body worsens, we can reduce cultivation density, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity, but this maximization of economic benefit obvious and unit of water body runs in the opposite direction, therefore, if can improve fish to the digestibility of feed, reduce excretion, the composition that perhaps itself contains degraded water body debirs in excreta can be obtained abnormal outstanding purifying water effect.
In addition, at present, directly add in feed for functional additive is usually single, or the single pulvis of making, do not add the adhesive spice and use when feeding, the easy problem such as mouldy after therefore can having the spice trouble and adding the water spice.
Chinese invention patent application 201010234796.9 discloses a kind of antibiotic complex aquatic feed addictive and mixed fodder thereof, and it comprises probio, prebiotics and carrier, and wherein, the mass ratio of probio, prebiotics and carrier is 1～2: 8～9: 20～30; Described probio is comprised of bafillus natto, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum freeze-dried powder; Described prebiotics is comprised of xylo-oligosaccharide, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and chitosan oligomer; Described carrier is comprised of montmorillonite and cornstarch.Although this compound additive can play the effect that improves the animal digestion function, can not bactericidal, can't effectively resist cause inflammation, infection, alimentary canal pathology bacterium or/and virus.Simultaneously, if adopt antibiosis usually to carry out bactericidal, can produce medicament residue, animal and human health are worked the mischief.
Therefore, demand developing a kind of green feeding additive aquatic animal that can solve above-mentioned one or more problems urgently, to improve the culture benefit of culture fishery.
Summary of the invention
Problem for the prior art existence, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feeding additive aquatic animal composition, it can effectively solve above-mentioned at least a problem, and is the green safety feed addictive of drug residue free, is of value to animal and human's class healthy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of described feeding additive aquatic animal composition.
A further object of the present invention is to provide the aquatic feeds that comprises described feeding additive aquatic animal composition.
The present invention goes back the application that a purpose is to provide described feeding additive aquatic animal composition.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of feeding additive aquatic animal composition, it comprises the raw material of following weight portion proportioning: plant extracts 30-45 weight portion, montmorillonite 5-10 weight portion;
Wherein, described plant extracts can be prepared by the bulk drug of following weight portion proportioning:
Artemisia santonica 6-18 weight portion, little peppermint 6-18 weight portion, Radix Astragali 6-18 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 5-15 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 5-15 weight portion.
The weight portion proportion optimization of above-mentioned raw materials medicine is: Artemisia santonica 10-12 weight portion, little peppermint 10-12 weight portion, Radix Astragali 10-12 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 8-10 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 8-10 weight portion.
Should be appreciated that compositions of additives of the present invention also can comprise one or more other plant extracts selectively, to play synergistic function.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise the feed complex enzyme of 10-20 weight portion.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise the immune polysaccharide of 10-20 weight portion.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise the acidulant of 5-10 weight portion.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise the active carbon of 5-10 weight portion.
Compositions of additives of the present invention can be preferably granular preparation, and particle diameter is 0.2-0.5mm, 0.5-1.0mm or 2.0-3.0mm.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of described compositions of additives, it can comprise the following steps:
1) plant extracts with above weight portion proportioning mixes with other raw material;
2) be pressed into grain under 30 ℃ of-65 ℃ of conditions.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides the aquatic feeds that comprises described feeding additive aquatic animal composition.
According to also aspect of the present invention, the invention provides the application of described feeding additive aquatic animal composition.Feeding additive aquatic animal composition of the present invention can play by expelling intestinal toxin, discharge poison and/or draining poison the effect that keeps the aquatic livestock intestinal health, strengthens aquatic livestock immunologic function and/or minimizing water body refuse.
The present invention can have the following advantages:
1, this product good palatability, enhancing animal appetite.
2, high-efficiency prevention and control fish enteritis and liver and gall syndrome, improve function of intestinal canal, keeps the fish digestive tube long-term health, improves digestibility; Increase the fish body immunity, build up health and anti-stress ability; After excreta enters water body, can continue to improve water quality, alleviate the water quality deterioration problem.
3, this additive replaces chemobiotic, is the green safety feed addictive of a kind of no side effects, drug residue free, is of value to animal and human's class healthy.
4, easy mouldy problem after granulation formulation of the present invention can solve conventional pulvis formulation spice trouble fully and add the water spice, easy to use.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A and Figure 1B are respectively the intestines wall microphoto of not interpolation group and interpolation group.
Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B are respectively the hepatic tissue microphoto of not interpolation group and interpolation group.
The following specific embodiment is to further explanation of the present invention and illustrates, do not limit the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Therefore feeding additive aquatic animal composition provided by the invention comprises plant extracts and the montmorillonite of specified weight part proportioning at least, can play synergy, but both antibiotic and sterilizings, can take off feed again mould, thereby can keep intestinal health.Described weight portion proportion optimization is: plant extracts 30-45 weight portion, montmorillonite 5-10 weight portion.For example, plant extracts can be 30,35,40,45 weight portions, and montmorillonite can be 5,6,8,10 weight portions.
In the present invention, plant extracts used is the extracts such as Artemisia santonica, little peppermint, and main component is phenols, ketone compounds, has the antibiotic and sterilizing function, effectively antagonism cause inflammation, infection, alimentary canal pathology bacterium or/and virus, thereby can effectively guarantee intestinal health.
Described montmorillonite can prevent from the process of feeding storing the mycotoxin that generates to the harm of aquatic livestock because of contained toxin or feed in feed.Utilize montmorillonite to the characteristic of detoxicating mycotoxin, in herding is produced, run into when the mouldy or wet weather of feed is arranged, add the toxic action that montmorillonite will be conducive to suppress and eliminate mycotoxin in the animal feed of preparation.In addition, montmorillonite also plays the effect of active ingredient carrier with the plant extracts mixing granulation time, plant extracts is uniformly dispersed in preparation.Described montmorillonite can be the 0.01-20 weight portion, in order more effectively to become carrier, preferred 5-10 weight portion.
Bulk drug for the preparation of described plant extracts can comprise following five kinds: Artemisia santonica 6-18 weight portion, little peppermint 6-18 weight portion, Radix Astragali 6-18 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 5-15 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 5-15 weight portion.Yet it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that to increase one or more other bulk drugs useful to intestinal health as required selectively, so the raw materials used medicine of the present invention should not only limit to above five kinds, but comprises at least above five kinds.That is, composition of the present invention also can comprise other plant extracts, to play synergistic function.
According to the result of antibacterial screening test, the weight portion proportioning of above-mentioned raw materials medicine can be preferably: Artemisia santonica 10-12 weight portion, little peppermint 10-12 weight portion, Radix Astragali 10-12 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 8-10 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 8-10 weight portion.
The plant extracts of this optimum ratio can play better sterilization antibacterial action, thereby can keep better intestinal health.
In the present invention, preferably one or more other functional additives are added in composition of the present invention with specific weight portion proportioning, to obtain better synergy.
Therefore, compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise feed complex enzyme.Described feed complex enzyme can act on feedstuff, at first destroy intercellular layer and the ANFs of plant cell wall, destroy the plant cell wall construction, make cellular content exposed, discharge wrapped nutriment, more stable and can continuous action in small intestine in hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, contact and be degraded with the endogenous digestive ferment of animal, change simultaneously the enteron aisle stickiness, reduced the negative effect that chyme viscosity is brought nutrien utilization and absorption.
The example of the feeds utilized complex enzyme of the present invention comprises 1,4 beta-glucanase, amylase, protease, phytase etc., but is not limited to this, is preferably two or more in 1,4 beta-glucanase, amylase, protease, phytase.Described feed complex enzyme is the 10-20 weight portion preferably.For example, described feed complex enzyme can be 10,12,15,20 weight portions.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise immune polysaccharide.Described immune polysaccharide can strengthen cytophagous function, improves their sterilizing ability; Stimulate complement, lysosome and antibody response, and then improve animal to the resistance of bacterial pathogen, improve the effect of immune level; FOS can be used as the adjuvant of exogenous antigen, slows down the absorption of antigen, increases tiring of antibody, can improve fish body phagocyte phagocytic rate.
The example of the present invention's immune polysaccharide used comprises beta glucan, FOS, xylo-oligosaccharide, manna oligosacchride etc., but is not limited to this, is preferably one or more in beta glucan, FOS, xylo-oligosaccharide, manna oligosacchride by screening test.Described immune polysaccharide can be the 0.01-30 weight portion, by the preferred 10-20 weight portion of screening test.For example, described immune polysaccharide can be 10,12,15,20 weight portions.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise acidulant.That described acidulant can be kept is front, the intestinal environment of the low PH of middle intestines, suppresses the breeding of harmful bacteria; Significantly improve stomach, pancreas, anterior intestine histone enzymatic activity, and centering, hindgut cathepsin activity influence are not remarkable.
The example of acidulant employed of the present invention comprises tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid etc., but be not limited to this, be preferably one or more in tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid by screening test, according to results of animal, more preferably citric acid.Described acidulant can be the 0.01-20 weight portion, by the preferred 5-10 weight portion of screening test.For example, described acidulant can be 5,6,8,10 weight portions.
Compositions of additives of the present invention also can further comprise active carbon.In the present invention, active carbon used enters in enteron aisle can play anti-inflammatory by the characteristic that itself restrains, the auxiliaring effect of hemostasis, and with after ight soil mixes together be discharged in water body, itself fully mix with ight soil, compare with the active carbon of directly rendering in the pond, more can play and fall the effect that smelly grade is improved water body.Charcoal absorption power used is strong, and fine and close fine and smooth, mobility is large, can significantly improve the dissolved oxygen in system, improves water colour, prevents the prawn floating head.Experiment shows, active carbon has good absorption property, and the isoionic concentration of sulphur, lead, heavy metal in water body is descended rapidly, can effectively stop organic corruption at the bottom of shrimp-cultivation pool, make the growing environment of prawn be in good state always, improved the output of shrimp.Described active carbon can be the 0.01-20 weight portion, by the preferred 5-10 weight portion of screening test.For example, described active carbon can be 3,6,8,10 weight portions.
Compositions of additives of the present invention can adopt conventional method of the prior art to prepare, and for example makes pulvis, and spice uses.Yet, the easy problem such as mouldy after can there be the spice trouble in conventional pulvis formulation and adds the water spice, thereby, for purpose easy to use, preferably according to method of the present invention, described compositions of additives is prepared into the particle shape preparation, its material footpath is preferably consistent with present corresponding commodity feed.
In the present invention, more preferably the above-mentioned functions additive is all added in composition of the present invention with specific weight portion proportioning, to obtain better synergy.Therefore, in preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main component of the present composition comprises plant extracts, immune polysaccharide, feed complex enzyme, acidulant, montmorillonite and active carbon etc.Said composition is to extract vegetable phenol, ketone extract from Artemisia santonica, little peppermint, the Radix Astragali, the root of herbaceous peony, 5 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines of the tuber of multiflower knotweed, again in the extract extra replenish a certain proportion of feed complex enzyme, immune polysaccharide, acidulant, montmorillonite and active carbon after, be pressed under the uniform temperature condition during grain directly adds aquatic feeds to as additive.
According to the result of screening test, feeding additive aquatic animal composition provided by the invention preferably includes the raw material of following weight portion proportioning: plant extracts 30-45 weight portion, montmorillonite 5-10 weight portion; Feed complex enzyme 10-20 weight portion; Immune polysaccharide 10-20 weight portion; Acidulant 5-10 weight portion; Active carbon 5-10 weight portion.
In a preferred embodiment, weight proportion is as follows:
Plant extracts 40 weight portions
Active carbon 10 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme 15 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide 17 weight portions
Acidulant 3 weight portions
Montmorillonite 15 weight portions
In a further advantageous embodiment, weight proportion is as follows:
Plant extracts 30 weight portions
Active carbon 3 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme 10 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide 10 weight portions
Acidulant 5 weight portions
Montmorillonite 5 weight portions
In going back a preferred embodiment, weight proportion is as follows:
Plant extracts 35 weight portions
Active carbon 6 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme 12 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide 12 weight portions
Acidulant 6 weight portions
Montmorillonite 6 weight portions
In going back a preferred embodiment, weight proportion is as follows:
Plant extracts 40 weight portions
Active carbon 8 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme 15 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide 15 weight portions
Acidulant 8 weight portions
Montmorillonite 8 weight portions
In going back a preferred embodiment, weight proportion is as follows:
Plant extracts 45 weight portions
Active carbon 10 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme 20 weight portions
Acidulant 10 weight portions
Montmorillonite 10 weight portions
Therefore, in preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of compositions of additives provided by the present invention can comprise the following steps:
1) with the plant extracts of above weight portion proportioning and active carbon and selectively other functional additive mix;
2) be pressed into grain under 30 ℃ of-65 ℃ of conditions.
Step 1 at said method) in, can add as required above-mentioned one or more other functional additives of mentioning, mix in the lump, and then the compacting granulating.
In step 2) in, preferred 40 ℃-45 ℃ of press temperature.Test shows, step 2) in temperature and pressing operation can the activity of complex enzyme not exerted an influence.
Wherein, described plant extracts can utilize conventional extraction solvent, for example water and ethanol, and extraction and drying means by routine prepare.For example, wherein, can adopt water boiling and extraction method, ethanol reflux extraction, ethanol percolation extraction method or alcohol dipping extraction method etc. to extract, and then carry out conventional drying or spray-drying.In order to reach better extraction effect, also can adopt especially following methods provided by the invention to prepare:
After each botanical drug substance is mixed by proportioning, being crushed to particle diameter is 180-200 μ m, puts into extractor water and/or ethanol and boils and filter after 8-15 minute as extracting solvent, after adding a small amount of starch as carrier in filtrate, carry out again spray-drying, can obtain plant extracts.Wherein, starch mainly plays and reclaims the effect of condensing, and gets final product on a small quantity, and those skilled in the art can determine according to practical operation the consumption of starch.
The granulation particle diameter of additive product of the present invention can comprise the microparticle (0.2-0.5mm) that is suitable for the fry phase, transitional period crushed particles (0.5-1.0mm), adult fish particle (2.0-3.0mm).Can adopt in prior art conventional granulating process to granulate.
The transitional period crushed particles refers to: feed is smashed by particular device after first making particle again, and particle is fit to fry to adult fish fish during this period of time.
Each component synergy of the present composition, can play following toxin expelling effect:
Expelling intestinal toxin: plant extracts is removed the toxin that decomposes harmful intestinal tract bacteria and secretion thereof.
The discharge poison: feed complex enzyme decomposes the ANFs in feedstuff and the mycotoxin that may contain.
Draining poison: montmorillonite, the harmful salt of active carbon degraded water body and algae toxin.
Thereby the present composition can reach following effect:
Keep intestinal health: keep the dynamic equilibrium of the low PH of enteron aisle and profitable strain, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, activate intestinal motive force, improve feed digestibility and nutrient absorption rate, reduce feed coefficient, Shortening culturing period.
Strengthen immunologic function: build up health, efficiently prevent enteritis and intestinal bleeding sick, reduce incidence and the death rate of fulminant disease, in the medication cycle when shortening the disease generation, increase omnidistance survival rate.
Reduce the water body refuse: reduce the excretion of ight soil, reduce the discharge rate of excrement source property nutriment, promote the degraded of water body NO2-, NH3, alleviate the water body stink, keep salubrious water quality.
Compositions of additives of the present invention can be widely used in the cultivation of various aquatic livestocks, for example, the conventional fishes and shrimps such as grass carp, black carp, Tilapia mossambica, carp, crucian, catfish, prawn, and the famous and precious aquatic livestock such as yellow eel, snakeheaded fish, perch, soft-shelled turtle, tortoise, sea cucumber.
The using method of compositions of additives of the present invention can be: 1 bag of (500g/ bag) this product can coordinate 80-100 jin feed to use, and during each bait throwing in, directly this product throwing is sprinkling upon in batch charger; Disease high-incidence season or be in period of disease, can strengthen consumption.
Experimental result shows, in aquaculture, according to the difference of life cycle, the effect that occurs is also different.Specifically see the following form:
Table 2
Through animal experiment and pharmacological testing, when compositions of additives of the present invention and antibiotic share, can strengthen immune response, strengthen result for the treatment of, shorten treatment cycle.Recommend long-term the use.The term of validity 2 years.
Following experimental example and embodiment are used for further illustrating but being not limited to the present invention.The present invention's test material used if no special instructions, is commercially available purchase product.
Experimental example 1
Experiment place: yellow mouthful of large city wall of Wuqing District Cui; Experimental period: on August 21st, 2010 was to October 22; Aquaculture model: the grass carp cover is supported crucian, flower silver carp.
Experimental group is used additive of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as toxin expelling triple effect health, specifically formula and preparation method see embodiment 6) and control group does not use additive of the present invention.Concrete experimental result sees Table 2 and table 3.Observation in process can be found out by experiment, and after the additive of the present invention of feeding, the fish-skin hair is good, anti-stress; Water quality has the sign of improving, and morbidity is few, and is dead few.In addition, because feed coefficient after the additive of the present invention of feeding obviously reduces, can increase economic efficiency.
Table 3
Table 4
Experimental example 2
The experiment place: Qi Xian dragon in Hubei is felt the lake; Experimental period: on August 12nd, 2010 was to September 11; Aquaculture model: the grass carp cover is supported gurnet, flower silver carp.
Experimental group (interpolation group) is used additive of the present invention (specifically formula and preparation method see embodiment 7), and control group (not interpolation group) does not use additive of the present invention.
Figure 1A and Figure 1B are respectively the grass carp intestines wall microphoto of not interpolation group and interpolation group.Can find out from photo, the intestines wall flesh layer attenuation of not interpolation group, muscle fibre is arranged loose, and the chorioepithelium cell arrangement is disorderly, and goblet cell is few; The enteron aisle pleat fine hair of interpolation group is flourishing, and goblet cell quantity is abundant, columnar epithelial cell marshalling, clear-cut.
Experimental example 3
Experiment place: thing lake, Wuhan, Hubei; Experimental period: on August 11st, 2010 was to September 11; Aquaculture model: the black carp cover is supported bream, flower silver carp.
Experimental group (interpolation group) is used additive of the present invention (specifically formula and preparation method see embodiment 8), and control group (not interpolation group) does not use additive of the present invention.
Experimental result sees Table 5 and table 6.Observation from experimental result and experimentation as can be known, after using additive of the present invention, the speed of growth of fish is very fast; There is no water quality deterioration, the physique of fish is good, and morbidity is few, does not almost suffer from enteritis, and is dead few.
Table 5
Table 6
Experimental example 4
Experiment place: Hubei; Experimental period: on August 15th, 2010 was to September 16; Aquaculture model: the grass carp cover is supported gurnet, flower silver carp.
Experimental group (interpolation group) is used additive of the present invention (specifically formula and preparation method see embodiment 9), and control group (not interpolation group) does not use additive of the present invention.
Experiment is got the Grass Carp Liver tissue, paraffin section, Jim Albert'stain Albert after finishing.Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B are respectively the hepatic tissue microphoto of not interpolation group and interpolation group.Can find out from Fig. 2 A and Fig. 2 B, the visual field dyeing of not interpolation group mostly is white lipid cavity, and fat drips and increases, and karyon disappears, significantly the fatty liver shape.The cell boundary apparent contour of interpolation group is analysed clearly, arranges closely, is full of the larger lipid cavity of volume in liver cell, and nucleus is pressed against a side, and liver cell is irregular polygon.
Following embodiment all can realize the effect of above-mentioned experimental example.
The preparation of embodiment 1 plant extracts
The bulk drug proportioning:
Artemisia santonica 12 weight portions
Little peppermint 12 weight portions
The Radix Astragali 12 weight portions
The root of herbaceous peony 8 weight portions
The tuber of multiflower knotweed 8 weight portions
After each botanical drug substance is mixed by above proportioning, being crushed to particle diameter is 180-200 μ m, puts into the extractor water and boils and filter after 8-15 minute as extracting solvent, after adding a small amount of starch as carrier in filtrate, carry out again spray-drying, can obtain plant extracts.
The preparation of embodiment 2 plant extracts
The ratio of each bulk drug is adjusted into following proportioning, the other the same as in Example 1.
Artemisia santonica 6.5 weight portions
Little peppermint 6.5 weight portions
The Radix Astragali 6.5 weight portions
The root of herbaceous peony 5 weight portions
The tuber of multiflower knotweed 5 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 3 plant extracts
The ratio of each bulk drug is adjusted into following proportioning, the other the same as in Example 1.
Artemisia santonica 10 weight portions
Little peppermint 10 weight portions
The Radix Astragali 10 weight portions
The root of herbaceous peony 8 weight portions
The tuber of multiflower knotweed 8 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 4 plant extracts
The ratio of each bulk drug is adjusted into following proportioning, the other the same as in Example 1.
Artemisia santonica 15 weight portions
Little peppermint 15 weight portions
The Radix Astragali 15 weight portions
The root of herbaceous peony 10 weight portions
The tuber of multiflower knotweed 10 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 5 plant extracts
The ratio of each bulk drug is adjusted into following proportioning, the other the same as in Example 1.
Artemisia santonica 18 weight portions
Little peppermint 18 weight portions
The Radix Astragali 18 weight portions
The root of herbaceous peony 15 weight portions
The tuber of multiflower knotweed 15 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 6 aquatic products additive of the present invention
Formula:
Plant extracts (preparing by embodiment 1) 40 weight portions
Active carbon 10 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme (1,4 beta-glucanase: phytase=1: 2) 15 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide 17 weight portions
Acidulant (citric acid) 3 weight portions
Montmorillonite 15 weight portions
Method:
The plant extracts of above weight portion proportioning is mixed with active carbon etc., then be pressed into grain under 60 ℃ of-65 ℃ of conditions.The granulation particle diameter can comprise the microparticle (0.2-0.5mm) that is suitable for the fry phase, transitional period crushed particles (0.5-1.0mm), adult fish particle (2.0-3.0mm).Can adopt in prior art conventional granulating process to granulate.
The preparation of embodiment 7 aquatic products additive of the present invention
The ratio of each raw material is adjusted into following proportioning, and other is with embodiment 6.
Plant extracts (preparing by embodiment 2) 30 weight portions
Active carbon 3 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme (feeding amylase: phytase=1: 1) 10 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide (beta glucan) 10 weight portions
Acidulant (citric acid) 5 weight portions
Montmorillonite 5 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 8 aquatic products additive of the present invention
The ratio of each raw material is adjusted into following proportioning, and other is with embodiment 6.
Plant extracts (preparing by embodiment 3) 35 weight portions
Active carbon 6 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme (feeding amylase: 1,4 beta-glucanase=1: 1) 12 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide (beta glucan) 12 weight portions
Acidulant (citric acid) 6 weight portions
Montmorillonite 6 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 9 aquatic products additive of the present invention
The ratio of each raw material is adjusted into following proportioning, and other is with embodiment 6.
Plant extracts (preparing by embodiment 4) 40 weight portions
Active carbon 8 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme (feed protein enzyme: 1,4 beta-glucanase=1: 1) 15 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide (beta glucan) 15 weight portions
Acidulant (citric acid) 8 weight portions
Montmorillonite 8 weight portions
The preparation of embodiment 10 aquatic products additive of the present invention
The ratio of each raw material is adjusted into following proportioning, and other is with embodiment 6.
Plant extracts (preparing by embodiment 5) 45 weight portions
Active carbon 10 weight portions
Feed complex enzyme (feeding amylase: 1,4 beta-glucanase: phytase=1: 1: 1) 20 weight portions
Immune polysaccharide (beta glucan) 20 weight portions
Acidulant (citric acid) 10 weight portions
Montmorillonite 10 weight portions
Above description to better embodiment of the present invention does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make according to the present invention various changes or distortion, only otherwise break away from spirit of the present invention, all should belong to the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. feeding additive aquatic animal composition comprises the raw material of following weight portion proportioning: plant extracts 30-45 weight portion, montmorillonite 5-10 weight portion;
Wherein, the serve as reasons bulk drug of following weight portion proportioning of described plant extracts prepares:
Artemisia santonica 6-18 weight portion, little peppermint 6-18 weight portion, Radix Astragali 6-18 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 5-15 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 5-15 weight portion.
2. the serve as reasons bulk drug of following weight portion proportioning of composition claimed in claim 1, wherein said plant extracts prepares:
Artemisia santonica 10-12 weight portion, little peppermint 10-12 weight portion, Radix Astragali 10-12 weight portion, root of herbaceous peony 8-10 weight portion, tuber of multiflower knotweed 8-10 weight portion.
3. the described composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein said composition further comprise one or more in the raw material of following weight portion proportioning:
Feed complex enzyme 10-20 weight portion, immune polysaccharide 10-20 weight portion, acidulant 5-10 weight portion, active carbon 5-10 weight portion.
4. composition claimed in claim 3, wherein:
Described feed complex enzyme is to be selected from two or more in 1,4 beta-glucanase, amylase, protease, phytase;
Described immune polysaccharide is to be selected from one or more in beta glucan, FOS, xylo-oligosaccharide, manna oligosacchride; And
Described acidulant is to be selected from one or more in tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid.
5. the described composition of one of claim 1-4, wherein said composition is granular preparation.
6. the preparation method of the described feeding additive aquatic animal composition of one of claim 1-5 comprises the following steps:
1) plant extracts and other raw material are mixed;
2) be pressed into grain under 30 ℃ of-65 ℃ of conditions.
7. preparation method claimed in claim 6, wherein said plant extracts is for preparing by the following method:
After each bulk drug is mixed by proportioning, being crushed to particle diameter is 180-200 μ m, puts into extractor water and/or ethanol and boils and filter after 8-15 minute as extracting solvent, after adding starch as carrier in filtrate, carry out again spray-drying, obtain described plant extracts.
8. the aquatic feeds that comprises the described feeding additive aquatic animal composition of one of claim 1-5.
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