CN102057850A - Quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding grafting of pistachio - Google Patents
Quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding grafting of pistachio Download PDFInfo
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- CN102057850A CN102057850A CN2010105109712A CN201010510971A CN102057850A CN 102057850 A CN102057850 A CN 102057850A CN 2010105109712 A CN2010105109712 A CN 2010105109712A CN 201010510971 A CN201010510971 A CN 201010510971A CN 102057850 A CN102057850 A CN 102057850A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding and grafting of pistachio. The method comprises the following steps: selecting pistachio seeds and storing in sand for 40 days before seeding; accelerating germination at the constant temperature of 20 DEG C until the seeds sprout; ridging towards the north-south direction and seeding; ridging according to the fixed plant row space, wherein the ridge height is 30 cm, the upper width is 20-30 cm, and the bottom width is 40-50 cm; punching 8 cm-depth seeding holes with a hole puncher on the ridge according to the 3-4 m plant distance; dibbling 2-3 seeds after germination acceleration into each hole; covering the seeds with fine wet soil and paving a film on the ridge; grating when the root thickness of the plant reaches 0.5 cm; performing T-shaped bud grafting with the scions with full eyes at 5-10 cm away from the ground; pruning rootstock and disbudding after the bud grafting; pinching when the scion germinated branch grows to 40-50 cm; and hilling at the trunk root for 40-50 cm. According to the invention, annual orchard establishment by current-year seeding and current-year grafting is realized, and the seedling survival rate is beyond 95%. Thus, basis is provided for large-area popularization and cultivation of pistachio.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to agricultural biological technical field agricultural planting technique field.Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of garden of building technology of pistachio.
Background technology
Pistachio claims American pistachios again, is one of the world four big nut seeds, also is good defending and controlling sand and the water and soil conservation seeds.Pistachio has longer cultivation history in Xinjiang, belong to the local rare fruit tree of characteristic.Be one of very potential seeds of South Sinkiang development characteristic industry of planting forest or fruit tress.
The market prospects of pistachio are good, economic benefit is high, and the enthusiasm of the pistachio of various places, Xinjiang development in recent years is very high.But because that cost is cultivated in traditional pistachio container nursery is very high, the seedling transportation difficulty, adding container nursery, to transplant the back transplanting seedling time in summer long, and it is very slow that nursery stock recovers growth, treelet overwintering mortality height, the being short of seedling disconnected phenomenon of going is serious; And because the seedling growth amount is little, but the grafting ratio in 1 year is very low, is difficult in and finishes the grafting of full garden in 2～3 years, and the garden quality of building is not high always.
The deep sandy loam soil of soil layer is selected in traditional garden of building of planting.The male and female plant ratio is (10-12) when planting: 1, and the m of seeding row spacing (3-6) m * (4-6).Because of it is not water-fast wet, be afraid of ponding, how to plant to play big ridge (the high 20-28m in ridge, wide 0.8-1m).Plant based on big nutritious bag seedling, plant back tree dish overlay film, promote new root to produce to heat soil moisture conservation.But nutritious bag seedling treelet phase poor growth, the overwintering mortality height is built the garden for field planting and is brought difficulty.Inquire into the live then grafting of pistachio and build the garden technology, solve present ubiquitous pistachio and build the technical barrier that the garden is slow, cost is high, survival rate is low, it is significant to realize sowing grafting then then.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is exactly to build the state of the art that the garden is slow, cost is high, survival rate is low at present ubiquitous pistachio.
The present invention is in conjunction with the habit of pistachio true seed root system development, provide the live then grafting of a kind of pistachio to build the fast method in garden, the garden is built in the live then grafting of realization pistachio, preferably resolve pistachio and build the technical barrier that the garden is slow, cost is high, survival rate is low, can realize sowing grafting then then, survival rate of seedlings reaches more than 95%.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: by inquiring into and technical schemes such as definite pistachio cultivation condition, seed treatment, the winter protection of managing, survive the winter after sowing, broadcasting, realize sowing then grafting then, survival rate of seedlings reaches more than 95%, reach the disposable garden of rapidly and efficiently building purpose of building the garden success, promote cultivation for the pistachio large tracts of land foundation is provided.
The invention provides the live then grafting of a kind of pistachio and build the fast method in garden, may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed treatment: select the full pistachio seed of current year's production, carry out sand before broadcasting and hide lamination processing in 40 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally at 20 ℃ of constant temperature vernalization to seeds then;
(2) sowing: at late March, ridge planting is played in selection fertility height, the plot that water-permeable and air permeable is good, and the ridge is to North and South direction; By field planting seeding row spacing 3 * 4m or 4 * 6m ridging, the high 30cm in ridge goes up wide 20-30cm, bottom width 40-50cm; The sowing cave of on the ridge, getting dark 8cm with the card punch of diameter 10cm according to 3-4 rice spacing in the rows, through the every cave dibbling of the seed 2-3 grain of vernalization, and the thin wet soil Hou Long upper berth film of cladding thickness 2cm;
(3) broadcast the back management: pistachio is in time put seedling after after planting beginning to emerge; Height of seedling 10cm begins thinning, 1 strain of selecting and remain of every cave; Poured water once in 20 days at interval after emerging, each irrigation quantity is unsuitable excessive; Irrigation method should adopt the side to pour water, and promptly one side trench digging is poured water on the ridge, avoids setting the body backbone and directly contacts open fire; For guarantee the pistachio nursery stock July majority can reach the rugosity of grafting, in conjunction with water at every turn, impose compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi repeatedly, fertilizing amount is increasing gradually along with the growth of nursery stock; Should notice that controlling water stops fertilizer by the end of August, in order to seedling overwintering then; Damping off easily takes place seedling stage in pistachio, and available carbendazim, the medicaments such as clear or thiophanate methyl of sterilizing replace the spraying control;
(4) grafting: when nursery stock base portion rugosity reaches 0.5 centimetre, carry out grafting at the beginning of 7 months then; Transfer and select the full scion of eye growth for use, carry out " T " shaped budding in distance ground 5-10 centimeters, cut anvil after connecing except that sprouting, pinching when scion sprouting branch grows to 40-50 centimetre is urged its aging maturation, in order to surviving the winter;
(5) winter protection is survived the winter: mid-November is to the butt 40-50cm that earths up.
Among the present invention, select environmental condition: year frost-free season 〉=180 day, year 〉=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature are more than 3700 ℃, and extreme low temperature is no more than-23 ℃ area.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following effect:
(1) the present invention adopts ridging, digs the direct-seeding of sowing cave, vernalization, sowing, overlay film, at sowing position, cave, form the microclimate environment in local " the miniature greenhouse of seed germination ", ground temperature has on average improved 2.3 ℃ than the land for growing field crops, makes to shift to an earlier date nearly 20 days sowing time; " miniature greenhouse " environment provides seed germination required temperature and humidity conditions preferably simultaneously, and the emergence rate height is added the meticulous water and fertilizer management method that the present invention adopts, and the nursery stock current increment is big.For years experiment and practice show, adopts this method to carry out live pistachio nursery stock, ground stem rugosity before grafting on July 1 then 〉=ratio of 0.6cm on average can reach 87.6%, grafting is all finished then.
(2) the water and fertilizer management mode that adopts preceding short back to control after the grafting, quicken shoot growth early stage, in good time pinching control growing of later stage, the promotion branch is aging ripe.The winter protection of earthing up winter simultaneously reaches more than 95% the grafting survival rate of seedlings of surviving the winter.
(3) the live garden building method of pistachio makes mu build the garden cost and greatly descends.Calculate with every mu of field planting 33 strain pistachio nursery stocks, Kaxgar Prefecture seedling raising and transplanting pistachio average unit cost then is 380 yuan/mu (not containing the grafting expense); And the live garden cost of building is 152 yuan/mu (not containing the grafting expense), builds the garden than seedling raising and transplanting and saves 228 yuan for every mu.
(4) traditional pistachio container nursery cultivation cost is very high, the seedling transportation difficulty, and the nursery stock taproot of adding container nursery is in the container inside turn, be difficult to during field planting unfold, transplanting seedling time is long after transplanting, and it is very slow that nursery stock recovers growth, treelet overwintering mortality height, the disconnected row phenomenon of being short of seedling is serious; And because the seedling growth amount is little, but the grafting ratio in 1 year is very low, is difficult in and finishes the grafting of full garden in the 2-3.The present invention can overcome present ubiquitous pistachio and build the technical barrier that the garden is slow, cost is high, survival rate is low, the garden is built in the live then grafting of realization pistachio, reduced the garden of the building cost of pistachio effectively, shortened and built the virgin phase of growing of garden cycle and pistachio, laid a good foundation for pistachio enters the phase of bearing fruit ahead of time.
Embodiment
Below, for embodiment the present invention is described, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.In addition, in following explanation, if no special instructions, % all refers to the m/m mass percent.
All reagent selected for use among the present invention and instrument all are well known selecting for use, but do not limit enforcement of the present invention, and other reagent more well known in the art and equipment are all applicable to the enforcement of the following embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
Seed treatment: select the full pistachio seed of current year's production, carry out sand before broadcasting and hide lamination processing in 40 days.Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and to sow at 20 ℃ of constant temperature vernalization to seeds then.
Sowing: at late March, ridge planting is played in selection fertility height, the plot that water-permeable and air permeable is good, and the ridge is to North and South direction; By field planting seeding row spacing 3 * 4m or 4 * 6m ridging, the high 30cm in ridge goes up wide 20-30cm, bottom width 40-50cm; Getting sowing cave about dark 8cm according to 3-4 rice spacing in the rows with the card punch of diameter 10cm on the ridge, through the every cave dibbling of the seed 2-3 grain of vernalization, and the thin wet soil about cladding thickness 2cm, afterwards at upper berth, ridge film.
Broadcast the back management: pistachio after planting begins to emerge about 10-12 days, will note in time putting seedling after emerging.Begin thinning about height of seedling 10cm, 1 strain of selecting and remain of every cave.Poured water once in 20 days at interval after emerging, each irrigation quantity is unsuitable excessive.Irrigation method easily adopts the side to pour water, and promptly one side trench digging is poured water on the ridge, avoids setting the body backbone and directly contacts open fire.For guarantee the pistachio nursery stock July majority can reach the rugosity of grafting, in conjunction with water at every turn, impose compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi repeatedly, fertilizing amount is increasing gradually along with the growth of nursery stock.Should notice that controlling water stops fertilizer by the end of August, in order to seedling overwintering then.Damping off easily takes place seedling stage in pistachio, and available carbendazim, the medicaments such as clear or thiophanate methyl of sterilizing replace the spraying control.
Grafting: when nursery stock base portion rugosity reaches 0.5 centimetre, carry out grafting at the beginning of 7 months then.Transfer and select for use eye to grow full scion, carry out " T " shaped budding, cut anvil after connecing and remove and sprout in distance ground 5-10 centimeters, pinching when sproutings of guaranteeing to budder, scion are sprouted branch and grown to 40-50 centimetre, short its aging maturation is in order to surviving the winter.
Winter protection is survived the winter: mid-November is to the butt 40-50cm that earths up.
Among the present invention, select environmental condition: year frost-free season 〉=180 day, year 〉=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature are more than 3700 ℃, and extreme low temperature is no more than-23 ℃ area.
Embodiment two:
Planting environment: year frost-free season 〉=180 day, year 〉=10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature more than 3700 ℃, year growth season rainfall be less than more than 200mm, the vegetative period sunshine duration 1500h, zone that extreme low temperature is no more than-23 ℃ suitable pistachio cultivating and growing, select sandy loam, sand and the stony soil plot of the following light weight of P in soil H value 7-8, subterranean water level 4m to plant.
Seed treatment: select fresh full, the germination rate of current year's production to handle at the seed more than 90%.Need through seed soaking at Sha Zangqian.During seed soaking, soaked 24 hours, drag for floater floating on the face of anhydrating with clear water.15 seconds of sterilization are soaked with 0.3% potassium permanganate in seed soaking back, carry out the processing of sand Tibetan after pulling seed control water out.
The husky lamination of hiding: selects leeward, on the sunny side, draining well reaches no plague of rats place and digs Sha Zangkeng, the degree of depth 1m of husky Zang Keng, length and width the degree grain weight of sand Tibetan as required determine.Select clean river sand to hide and use sand, and disinfect with 0.3% potassium permanganate as sand.Planting husky ratio is 1: 3, and sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and is not advisable and do not drip.During husky the Tibetan, behind the pure sand of the end, hole shop 15cm, again the mixture of seed and river sand is put into the hole earlier, thickness 30-40cm fills and leads up with wet pure river sand above.During husky the Tibetan in the hole every 2m, place a branch of dry straw vertically, ventilated in order to seed, it is mildew and rot to prevent that seed from taking place.The husky Tibetan can be with seed taking-up carrying out vernalization after 40 days.
Vernalization: the seed that handle process sand Tibetan was sterilized for 15 seconds with the immersion of 0.3% potassium permanganate after cleaning with clear water again, pulls out to lie on the cotton that wets, and vernalization under 20 ℃ of constant temperatures, check cotton every day in the vernalization process, guarantees that cotton has certain humidity.The seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally successively detects and is used for sowing simultaneously.
Sowing: broadcast preceding deep ploughing, mu organic fertilizer 2-3m3, composite fertilizer 30-50kg.Bed planting is adopted in sowing, and the ridge is to being advisable with North and South direction.By field planting seeding row spacing 3 * 4m or 4 * 6m ridging, the high 30cm in ridge goes up wide 20-30cm, bottom width 40-50cm.Kaxgar Prefecture generally at late March, is sowed when 5 centimetres of ground temperature of soil are stabilized in more than 10 ℃.During sowing, get sowing cave about dark 8cm with the card punch of diameter 10cm rising on the good ridge, pass through the every cave dibbling of the seed 2-3 grain of vernalization according to the spacing in the rows of 3-4m, and the thin wet soil about cladding thickness 2cm, afterwards at upper berth, ridge film.Soil moisture content will be got well in the requirement sowing process.
Broadcast the back management: pistachio after planting begins to emerge about 10-12 days, will note in time putting seedling after emerging.Treat that seedling is long and will carry out thinning when high that each sows cave strong seedling of a strain growth potential of selecting and remain to 10cm.During the growth of seedling, in time remove coppice shoot, side shoot that base portion sends.
Poured water once in 20 days at interval after pistachio is emerged, each irrigation quantity is unsuitable excessive.Irrigation method easily adopts the side to pour water, and promptly one side trench digging is poured water on the ridge, avoids setting the body backbone and directly contacts open fire.For protect positive pistachio nursery stock July majority can reach the rugosity requirement of grafting, should topdress 3-4 time continuously when seedling height reaches the 15cm left and right sides, fertilizer is based on compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, every strain 20～50g that spreads manuer in holes, want Shaoshi repeatedly, fertilizing amount strengthens gradually along with the growth of nursery stock.Foliage fertilizers such as foliage-spray 0.2% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 2-3 time simultaneously, to quicken seedling growth.Should control water by the end of August and stop fertilizer, November, early and middle ten days need water sufficient winter irrigation water, in order to surviving the winter of nursery stock.
Notice that timely weeding loosens the soil vegetative period.Be the generation of control pistachio damping off in seedling stage, available carbendazim, the alternately spraying control of medicaments such as clear or thiophanate methyl of sterilizing.
Grafting: through above-mentioned precision management, in early July then, the live seedling base portion of pistachio rugosity can reach more than the 0.5cm, and can carry out grafting this moment.Select for use eye to grow full scion during grafting, the scion eye is full more, and sprouting speed is fast more.Adopt " T " font bud, ridging in winter for the benefit of, grafting is generally carried out in the position of distance ground 5-10cm.Cut anvil after connecing except that sprouting the sprouting of guaranteeing to budder.The scion branch is sprouted and is carried out pinching when growing to 40-50cm, and short its aging maturation is in order to surviving the winter.
The winter protection of surviving the winter: grafting shoot growth then is thinner and more delicate, for guaranteeing safe overwintering, needs earth up to butt.Ridging thickness 40-50cm needs during ridging the seedling grafting mouth is imbedded in the soil more than the 30cm, and that guarantees the grafting survival branch can safe overwintering more than 2/3.
Claims (1)
1. the fast method in garden is built in the live then grafting of pistachio, it is characterized in that described method may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed treatment: select the full pistachio seed of current year's production, carry out sand before broadcasting and hide lamination processing in 40 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally at 20 ℃ of constant temperature vernalization to seeds then;
(2) sowing: at late March, ridge planting is played in selection fertility height, the plot that water-permeable and air permeable is good, and the ridge is to North and South direction; By field planting seeding row spacing 3 * 4m or 4 * 6m ridging, the high 30cm in ridge goes up wide 20-30cm, bottom width 40-50cm; The sowing cave of on the ridge, getting dark 8cm with the card punch of diameter 10cm according to 3-4 rice spacing in the rows, through the every cave dibbling of the seed 2-3 grain of vernalization, and the thin wet soil Hou Long upper berth film of cladding thickness 2cm;
(3) broadcast the back management: pistachio is in time put seedling after after planting beginning to emerge about 10-12 days; Height of seedling 10cm begins thinning, 1 strain of selecting and remain of every cave; Poured water once in 20 days at interval after emerging, irrigation method should adopt the side to pour water, and promptly one side trench digging is poured water on the ridge, avoids setting the body backbone and directly contacts open fire; In conjunction with water at every turn, impose compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, Shaoshi repeatedly, fertilizing amount strengthens gradually along with the growth of nursery stock; Should notice that controlling water stops fertilizer by the end of August, in order to seedling overwintering then; Damping off easily takes place seedling stage in pistachio, and available carbendazim, the medicaments such as clear or thiophanate methyl of sterilizing replace the spraying control;
(4) grafting: when nursery stock base portion rugosity reaches 0.5 centimetre, carry out grafting at the beginning of 7 months then; Transfer and select for use eye to grow full scion, carry out " T " shaped budding, cut anvil after connecing and remove and sprout in distance ground 5-10 centimeters, pinching when sproutings of guaranteeing to budder, scion are sprouted branch and grown to 40-50 centimetre, short its aging maturation is in order to surviving the winter;
(5) winter protection is survived the winter: mid-November is to the butt 40-50cm that earths up.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010510971 CN102057850B (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding grafting of pistachio |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010510971 CN102057850B (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding grafting of pistachio |
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| CN102057850A true CN102057850A (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| CN102057850B CN102057850B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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| CN 201010510971 Expired - Fee Related CN102057850B (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Quick method for orchard establishment by current-year direct seeding grafting of pistachio |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
-
2010
- 2010-10-19 CN CN 201010510971 patent/CN102057850B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| ALI A. ALMEHDI ETC.: "Propagation of pistachio rootstock by rooted stem cuttings", 《SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE》 * |
| 付国芳 等: "阿月浑子温室营养袋育苗技术", 《新疆农垦科技》 * |
| 辛国: "开心果嫁接育苗技术", 《西北园艺》 * |
| 郑先波 等: "《开心果（阿月浑子优质高效栽培）》", 30 September 2004 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
| CN105918053B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of persimmon rapid-result garden method fastly |
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| CN102057850B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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