CN102044319A - Composite wave absorbing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite wave absorbing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102044319A CN102044319A CN2009102365292A CN200910236529A CN102044319A CN 102044319 A CN102044319 A CN 102044319A CN 2009102365292 A CN2009102365292 A CN 2009102365292A CN 200910236529 A CN200910236529 A CN 200910236529A CN 102044319 A CN102044319 A CN 102044319A
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite wave absorbing material. The material comprises a metal magnetic nano material and a matrix material; and the metal magnetic nano material is uniformly dispersed in the matrix material. The invention also provides a preparation method for the composite wave absorbing material, which comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing the metal magnetic nano material; and 2) uniformly dispersing the metal magnetic nano material into the matrix material to prepare a coating or a film material. The composite wave absorbing material has the advantages of strong wave absorbing capability, wide wave absorbing band, good heat dissipation performance, light mass and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of composite material and preparation method thereof with electromagnetic wave absorption function.
Background technology
As everyone knows, absorbing material militarily has important use to be worth.Along with development of electronic technology, the electromagnetic wave of various frequencies enters in people's the life, and the electromagnetic radiation that electrical equipment such as microwave oven, mobile phone produce forms increasing pollutant sources, not only brings electromagnetic interference to electronic instrument, and can influence people's health.Therefore the development of absorbing material not only militarily has important meaning, also becomes an important topic of environmental protection.
According to energy loss mechanism, absorbing material can be divided into magnetizing mediums type, dielectric type, resistor-type and compound.Magnetic media material is to utilize the magnetic loss relevant with the dynamic magnetization process, be called " friction " effect of remagnetization, magnetic polarization mechanism such as main source is that magnetic hysteresis loss, magnetic domain turn to, domain wall displacement and natural resonance cause electromagnetic wave attenuation, and the big more then electrical loss of the imaginary part of the complex permeability of material effect is strong more.The dielectric type material is to utilize the dielectric loss relevant with electric polarization, be called " friction " effect of polarization repeatedly, mainly cause electromagnetic wave attenuation from electric polarization such as electric interface polarization, relaxation, dielectric polarizations, the big more then electrical loss of the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant of material effect is strong more.The resistor-type material is to utilize eddy current that electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy.Usually use above-mentioned a kind of loss mechanism separately, be difficult to reach wide band suction wave energy, the absorbing material that need have at least two kinds of above-mentioned loss mechanism is formed compound material.
At present, carbon nano tube compound material is a kind of important absorbing material.Owing to can be interconnected into conductive network mutually between the one-dimensional long chain of carbon nano-tube, can form eddy current, thereby being converted into heat energy, electromagnetic energy reaches wave-absorbing effect.The expansion that the while carbon nano-tube can be resisted crackle, and then the toughness of reinforcing material integral body.And, because the nano material size is more much better than than conventional material to the transmitance of microwave much smaller than microwave wavelength, reduced the microwave reflection rate, frequency electromagnetic waves there is strong absorption function.At last, carbon nano tube compound material also has the advantage of light weight.Therefore, in recent years, the application widely that the carbon nano-tube composite wave-suction material has obtained.But still there are many deficiencies in carbon nano tube compound material: the one, and wave-sucking performance is still waiting to improve; The 2nd, it is narrower to inhale the ripple frequency band; The 3rd, heat dispersion is bad.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wave-sucking performance strong, inhale composite wave-suction material of ripple bandwidth, perfect heat-dissipating and preparation method thereof.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of composite wave-suction material, this material follows these steps to be prepared from:
1) preparation metallic magnetic nano material;
2) the metallic magnetic nano material is evenly spread to make coating or membrane material in the basis material.
Wherein, described metallic magnetic nano material comprises ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism nano material.
Wherein, described ferromagnetic nano material comprises: Co, Fe, Ni, Co
1-xFe
x, Ni
1-xFe
x, Co
1-xPt
x, Co
1-xCr
x, Ni
1-xCo
x, or Co
1-x-yFe
xNi
yNano material, wherein 0＜x＜1,0＜y＜1.
Wherein, described ferromagnetic nano material also comprises: Co-Fe-B, Fe-Si, Fe-Al, Fe-Mn, Fe-Cu, Fe-Mo, Fe-W, Fe-Si-Al, Fe-P-C, Fe-Co-Ni-B, Al-Ni-Co, Sm-Co, Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co-Fe, Fe-Pt, Fe-Pd, Co-Pd or Mn-Al-C alloy nano-material, perhaps La-Ca-Mn-O, La-Sr-Mn-O, R, R-R`, R-M nano material, wherein R, R` are that thulium, M are transiting group metal elements; Perhaps contain the binary of rare earth element or the nano material of multivariant oxide.
Wherein, described antiferromagnetism nano material comprises: Cr, Mn, Ir
1-xMn
x, Ni
1-xMn
x, Fe
1-xMn
x, Pt
1-xMn
x, 0＜x＜1 wherein.
Wherein, described metallic magnetic nano material is Magnetic nano-pipe, magnetic nanometer or is adhered to or filling carbon nano-pipe and the magnetic nano material that forms by magnetic nanoparticle.
Wherein, described basis material comprises polymer, hydrocarbon compound or mixture, inorganic semiconductor material or inorganic insulating material.
Wherein, described polymer comprises rubber, polyalcohols acetal, resin, polyester, cellulose esters, polyethers, polyamide, vinyl polymer or plastics, perhaps above-mentioned various mixture of polymers.
Wherein, described hydrocarbon compound comprises oleic acid; Described hydrocarbon mixture comprises paraffin.
Wherein, described inorganic semiconductor material comprises III-V compound semiconductor, II-VI compound semiconductor, Si, ZnO or Ge.
Wherein, described inorganic insulating material comprises that oxide dielectric material is (as Fe
3O
4, SiO
2, MgO etc.) or dielectric material (comprise ceramic material, as BaTiO
4, Al-O etc.).
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned composite wave-suction material, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation metallic magnetic nano material;
2) the metallic magnetic nano material is evenly spread to make coating or membrane material in the basis material.
Wherein, described step 1) comprises following substep:
11) the porous type template of the oxide of preparation magnetic metal;
12), make at the hole edge of porous type template deposition layer of metal conductive layer, and this conductive layer does not all cover described hole at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template;
13) utilize alternating current to deposit the nanotube of described magnetic metal simple substance.
Wherein, described step 12) also comprises: the thickness at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template is 5nm～300nm.
Wherein, described step 2) in, the mass fraction of described metallic magnetic nano material and basis material is respectively 10%～80%, 20%～90%.
Wherein, described step 2) in, when composite wave-suction material was made absorbing membrane material (film or thick film), described composite wave-suction material also contained dopant except containing the metallic magnetic nano material and basis material as nucleus.Described dopant is ceramic particle or titanium oxide or zinc oxide.The shared mass fraction of each several part is as follows: the mass fraction of 1%≤dopant≤10%; All the other are nucleus, i.e. metallic magnetic nano material and basis material.
Described step 2) in, the process of composite wave-suction material being made absorbing membrane material comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to aforementioned proportion, magnetic nanoparticle, magnetic nanometer or Magnetic nano-pipe, polymer and above-mentioned organic clad material are stirred or add in the batch mixer or in the ball mill, mix, standby; Wherein used magnetic nanometer or Magnetic nano-pipe can be to handle through surfactant, also can be do not pass through chemically treated; Be that the nanometer magnet surface can coat organic material.
Step 2: the mixture of step 1 preparation is dissolved in organic solvent, utilizes spin-coating method or coating process, mixture solution is applied on the substrate, the oven dry organic solvent obtains thin (thick) film of mixture.Described organic solvent comprises organic solvents commonly used such as acetone, n-butanol, dimethylbenzene.
Step 3 (this step also can be omitted): use conventional thin film growth process, one or more layers wave permeation layer film of growth on the film of step 2 preparation, the wave permeation layer film can be the high materials of wave such as ZnO.
Wherein, described step 2) in, when composite wave-suction material was made antiradar coatings, composite wave-suction material also contained organic clad material, dopant and solvent except metallic magnetic nano material and basis material as nucleus, and the mass fraction of each composition is as follows:
Nucleus (metallic magnetic nano material and basis material): the mass fraction of 20%≤nucleus≤83%;
Organic clad material and dopant: mass fraction≤30% of 2%≤organic clad material and dopant;
Solvent: the mass fraction of 15%≤solvent≤40%;
Described step 2) in, the preparation process of antiradar coatings comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to aforementioned proportion, organic clad material, dopant are added in the solvent, add thermal agitation or ball milling, fully mix, obtain organic solution;
Step 2: magnetic nanometer or Magnetic nano-pipe are added in the organic solution that step 1 obtains, add thermal agitation or ball milling, fully mix.Wherein used magnetic nanometer or Magnetic nano-pipe can be through the surfactant passivation, also can be do not pass through chemically treated;
Step 3: polymer is added in the organic solution that step 2 obtains, add thermal agitation or ball milling, fully mix, obtain solution;
Described solvent comprises one or more mixed solvents in varsol (alkane, benzene etc.), alcohols, ethers, ketone, the ester class.
Described organic clad material is one or more in aliphatic acid, polyaniline, poly-hexafluoroethylene, the polyimides.
Described dopant contains curing agent and improves the material of the toughness of material, comprises organic additives such as acid anhydrides, isocyanates.
In above-mentioned coating, can add pigment and make pigment coloration.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of magnetic nanotube preparation method, and this method comprises the following steps:
1) the porous type template of the oxide of preparation magnetic metal;
2), make at the hole edge of porous type template deposition layer of metal conductive layer, and this conductive layer does not all cover described hole at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template;
3) utilize alternating current to deposit the nanotube of described magnetic metal simple substance.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
1. wave-sucking performance is strong.
2. inhale the ripple bandwidth.
3. perfect heat-dissipating.
4. light weight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an anodic oxidation equipment schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the AFM figure that obtains having the alumina formwork of the penetrating through hole in two ends;
The profile of the SEM figure of the Co nanotube that Fig. 3 obtains for electrochemical deposition;
The surface topography map of the SEM figure of the Co nanotube that Fig. 4 obtains for electrochemical deposition;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the composite wave-suction material film of embodiment 3;
Fig. 6 is the profile of the Co nano wire of embodiment 6 anodic oxidation aluminium formwork methods preparation.
Embodiment
At first, briefly introduce suction ripple principle of the present invention.
The present invention serves as that the basis makes composite wave-suction material with the metallic magnetic nano material.Magnetic nano material of the present invention mainly comprises magnetic nanometer, nanotube or is adhered to or filling carbon nano-pipe and the magnetic nano material that forms by magnetic nanoparticle.A plurality of long-chains that these quasi-one-dimensional nanometer materials form can be interconnected into conductive network mutually, can form eddy current, thereby electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy to reach the effect that absorbs microwave energy.Because the conductivity of metal nano material of the present invention is higher than carbon nano-tube, therefore, eddy current of the present invention is stronger, thereby has strengthened wave-absorbing effect.
In addition, of the present invention because the metallic magnetic nano material also has magnetic conductivity, its magnetic permeability is far above carbon nano-tube.Therefore the present invention can also form electromagnetic waveguide network, and electromagnetic wave enters outwards scattering behind this waveguide network, but propagates back and forth in network and dissipate gradually, thereby to electromagnetic wave formation shielding action, reaches the wave-absorbing effect of stack.And carbon nano tube network no this item effect.
Moreover because metallic magnetic nano material itself also is a magnetizing mediums, therefore, also there is " friction " effect of remagnetization in the present invention and causes electromagnetic wave attenuation, thus the wave-absorbing effect that obtains superposeing.
Further, the present invention can reach wave-absorbing effect with number of mechanisms, and the optimum of every kind of mechanism is inhaled wave-wave Duan Jun difference, so the present invention can reach the technique effect that the ripple frequency band is inhaled in expansion.
Further, because the heat conductivility of metallic magnetic nano material is far above carbon nano-tube, therefore heat dispersion of the present invention is better than the carbon nano-tube composite wave-suction material.
At last, magnetic nano material of the present invention has also been inherited every original advantage of carbon nano-tube composite wave-suction material.Magnetic nanometer or nanotube can reinforcing material toughness, the expansion of opposing crackle; The toughness of reinforcing material integral body.Microwave magnetic nano wire and Magnetic nano-pipe are quasi-one-dimensional nanometer magnets, light weight, and the ratio of surface atom is big, and size has reduced the microwave reflection rate much smaller than microwave wavelength, and frequency electromagnetic waves is had strong absorption function.The hollow-core construction of Magnetic nano-pipe alleviates the composite material quality greatly.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done description further.
Present embodiment provided a kind of with the porous type anodic oxidation aluminium formwork (Anodic Aluminum Oxide, AAO) legal system is equipped with the method for Magnetic nano-pipe, this method comprises the following steps:
A. the preliminary treatment of aluminium flake
The high-purity aluminium flake (purity 99.999%) of thickness 0.5mm is cut into 80mm * 80mm * 0.5mm, aluminium flake is put into the beaker that fills absolute ethyl alcohol, the spot on surface is removed in ultrasonic cleaning 5 to 10 minutes.In order to remove the alumina layer on aluminium flake surface, put it in the sodium hydroxide solution that concentration is 1M, the bubble that observation aluminium flake surface produces reduces back taking-up aluminium flake and rinses well with deionized water.It is 4: 1 the ethanol and the mixed solution of perchloric acid that pretreated aluminium flake is put into volume ratio, direct voltage 13V constant voltage polishing 3 minutes, uses deionized water rinsing afterwards 5 times.
B. the oxidation of aluminium flake---secondary oxidation method
Fig. 1 is anodic oxidation equipment schematic diagram (, this figure not drawn on scale clear for expressing the meaning), and wherein anode 1 is for treating the aluminium electrode of oxidation, and negative electrode 2 is a copper electrode, also can be stainless steel electrode.The aluminium flake that electropolishing is good is put into acid solution, at 0 ℃, and under the 15V constant voltage, oxidation 120s.Sample behind the once oxidation is taken out, put into the H of 6wt%
3PO
4HCrO with 1.8wt%
4In the mixed solution, 60 ℃ of constant temperature soak down, remove well-oxygenated alumina layer for the first time.Rinse aluminium flake well with deionized water afterwards, carry out the oxidation second time, oxidizing condition is with oxidizing condition is identical for the first time for the second time.
C. obtain having the alumina formwork of the penetrating through hole in two ends
After secondary oxidation finishes, aluminium flake is put into 20% hydrochloric acid and the copper chloride mixed solution of 0.1M, displacement reaction is removed unoxidized aluminium.Then at the H of a side Dropwise 5 % of alumina formwork
3PO
4, being sidelong the pH test paper at another, 5min after the pH test paper reddens rinses with deionized water.Fig. 2 is resulting AFM figure with alumina formwork of the penetrating through hole in two ends.
D. plating conductive layer
With the method for magnetron sputtering in the gold thin film of alumina formwork one side plating 5nm～300nm as electrode, gold thin film does not all cover hole, but near hole edge deposition one deck conductive layer.The thickness difference of gold thin film is nano aperture diameter difference then.This step is different from the prior art way of plating than thick electrode, not its objective is hole is all covered the columnar nanometer pipe that this scheme makes the present invention to prepare to have real nano-grade size.And with the porous type anodic oxidation aluminium formwork method of prior art under this dimensional requirement, can only prepare nano wire usually.
E. alternating current depositing nano pipe
CoSiO at 0.1M
4, 25g/l H
3BO
3, the NaOH of 1M and 1M the mixed solution formed of hydrochloric acid solution in, adopt to exchange sedimentation deposition Co nanotube, work electrode is band deposition template, to electrode is graphite, under the driving that exchanges 15V, 50Hz power supply, deposit 2～7 minutes, the sedimentation time difference is the internal diameter difference then.Take out with deionized water then and clean up.The surface topography of the SEM figure of the Co nanotube that the profile of the SEM figure of the Co nanotube that Fig. 3 obtains for electrochemical deposition, Fig. 4 obtain for electrochemical deposition.
F. dispersing nanometer pipe
With NaOH with the Al in the above-mentioned AAO template that obtains
2O
3Dissolve the Co nanotube that obtains disperseing.
Need to prove, though more than be the method for preparing the Co nanotube, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the method that also can utilize the porous type template prepares other tubular iron magnetic Nano material or antiferromagnetism nano material.Wherein, described ferromagnetic nano material comprises: Co, Fe, Ni, Co
1-xFe
x, Ni
1-xFe
x, Co
1-xPt
x, Co
1-xCr
x, Ni
1-xCo
x, or Co
1-x-yFe
xNi
yNano material, wherein 0＜x＜1,0＜y＜1.The ferromagnetic nano material also comprises: Co-Fe-B, Fe-Si, Fe-Al, Fe-Mn, Fe-Cu, Fe-Mo, Fe-W, Fe-Si-Al, Fe-P-C, Fe-Co-Ni-B, Al-Ni-Co, Sm-Co, Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co-Fe, Fe-Pt, Fe-Pd, Co-Pd or Mn-Al-C alloy nano-material, perhaps La-Ca-Mn-O, La-Sr-Mn-O, R, R-R`, R-M nano material, wherein R, R` are that thulium, M are transiting group metal elements; Perhaps contain the binary of rare earth element or the nano material of multivariant oxide.The antiferromagnetism nano material comprises: Cr, Mn, Ir
1-xMn
x, Ni
1-xMn
x, Fe
1-xMn
x, Pt
1-xMn
x, 0＜x＜1 wherein.
Present embodiment has provided a kind of method for preparing magnetic nanometer, and the difference of this method and embodiment 1 is: present embodiment is in steps d, and the thickness of gold coated films surpasses 300nm, makes hole one end of AAO template be plugged fully.The equal embodiment of other steps of present embodiment 1 is identical.Fig. 6 is the profile that uses the Co nano wire of anodic oxidation aluminium formwork method preparation in the present embodiment.
Present embodiment has provided a kind of one dimension magnetic preparation of nanomaterials, this method comprises: carbon nano-tube is put into the vacuum chamber of thermal evaporation plated film, use plated film condition commonly used Co film (in fact being exactly at carbon nano tube surface plating Co nano particle) formation one dimension magnetic nano material at carbon nano tube surface evaporation one deck 3nm.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment has provided the method that the prepared nanotube of a kind of embodiment of utilization 1 or embodiment 2 prepared nano wires prepare antiradar coatings, and this method comprises:
A. dosing.The mixed solution of preparation acetone, diepoxy propyl ether, butanediol, mixing ratio is (3～4): (1.5～2.5): 1;
B. separate.Get an amount of epoxy resin, vinyl, polyamide, the mass ratio of three parts is 10: 2: 1.5, is dissolved in mixed solution, uses ultrasonic, magnetic stirring apparatus, mixes;
C. mix.The Co nanotube or the nano wire that disperse are added in the solution of step b preparation, and mass ratio is 3: 97, uses magnetic stirrer to mix, and obtains antiradar coatings.
D. full-filling.The solution spraying of above-mentioned preparation on other objects, is treated that its curing gets final product.Because when the solvent that uses has volatility, so coating also has volatility.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment and embodiment 4 basically identicals, its difference is step c and d.
Step c: with the dispersion of different inner diameters, external diameter Co nanotube (or nano wire) add in the solution of b preparation set by step, use magnetic stirrer to mix, and obtain the coating of the magnetic nanotube (or nano wire) of variable concentrations.
Steps d: according to nanotube (or nano wire) concentration order from high to low, the solution spraying of preparation on substrate or coated device, is treated its curing, obtain wave absorbing thin film.The Al of 50nm～500nm grows on film
2O
3As wave permeation layer, increase wave absorbing efficiency.Fig. 5 is the structural representation (, this figure not drawn on scale clear for expressing the meaning) of the composite wave-suction material film of present embodiment, and wherein 1 is wave absorbing thin film, and 2 is wave permeation layer, and 3 is substrate or coated device.
Embodiment 6
Present embodiment and embodiment 5 basically identicals, its difference is steps d.
Steps d: the coating of magnetic nanotube (or nano wire) is mixed, and the coating 0.5ml of the magnetic nanotube of use microsyringe dropping high concentration is at Al
2O
3The central authorities of substrate, with 200～800 rev/mins speed spin coatings 10 seconds, when solution after the surface spreads out, with 3000 rev/mins speed rotation 30 seconds.Repeat aforesaid operations 20 times, the substrate after rotation applies places vacuum drying chamber, and 100 ℃ of oven dry obtain composite membrane; Regulate the mass ratio of nanotube in mixed solution, in the composite membrane after obtaining drying, the quality of nanotube is 70%.Obtain Al
2The film of on-chip Ni Magnetic nano-pipe of O and poly-fluorine acrylic composite, the Al of the 50nm～500nm that on film, grows
2O
3As wave permeation layer.The spin coating method growth is quick, and cheap.
Embodiment 7
Present embodiment and embodiment 5 basically identicals, its difference is steps d.
Steps d: the coating of magnetic nanotube (or nano wire) is mixed, use microsyringe to drip the coating 0.5ml of high concentration at Al
2O
3The central authorities of substrate, with 200～800 rev/mins speed spin coatings 10 seconds, when solution after the surface spreads out, with 3000 rev/mins speed rotation 30 seconds.According to nanotube (or nano wire) concentration order from high to low, repeat aforesaid operations 20 times, the substrate after rotation applies places vacuum drying chamber, and 100 ℃ of oven dry obtain composite membrane; The growing mixed film of spin coating once more on composite membrane then, oven dry obtains Al once more
2The film of on-chip Ni Magnetic nano-pipe of O (or nano wire) and poly-fluorine acrylic composite, the Al of the 50nm～500nm that on film, grows
2O
3As wave permeation layer.The spin coating method growth is quick, and cheap.
Embodiment 8
Present embodiment has provided a kind of preparation method of composite wave-suction material, and this method comprises:
1, the preparation external diameter is 200nm, the CoFe nanotube of thickness of pipe wall 30nm (the CoFe nanotube can prepare according to the method for embodiment 1).
2, resulting CoFe nanotube is evenly spread in the fully refined paraffin wax of thawing, the mass ratio of nanotube and paraffin is respectively 80% and 20%, and after paraffin was solidified, the light pressure made the suction wave plate of 1cm * 1cm * 0.1cm.This suction wave plate is when frequency is 9GHz, and reflectivity is about 10dB.
Embodiment 9
Present embodiment has provided the method for the one dimension magnetic nano material preparation composite wave-suction material of a kind of embodiment of utilization 3, and this method comprises:
1, in carbon nano tube surface plating Co nano particle (according to the method preparation of embodiment 3).
2, the carbon nano-tube that will be coated with metal Co is then taken out, and is dispersed in the paraffin, is pressed into the suction wave plate of arbitrary shape.
It should be noted last that, more than only unrestricted in order to explanation theoretical principle of the present invention and technical scheme.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement that do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. composite wave-suction material, this material comprises metallic magnetic nano material and basis material; Described metallic magnetic nano material evenly spreads in the basis material.
2. composite wave-suction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described metallic magnetic nano material comprises ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism nano material.
3. composite wave-suction material according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described ferromagnetic nano material comprises: Co, Fe, Ni, Co
1-xFe
x, Ni
1-xFe
x, Co
1-xPt
x, Co
1-xCr
x, Ni
1-xCo
x, or Co
1-x-yFe
xNi
yNano material, wherein 0＜x＜1,0＜y＜1.
4. composite wave-suction material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described ferromagnetic nano material also comprises: Co-Fe-B, Fe-Si, Fe-Al, Fe-Mn, Fe-Cu, Fe-Mo, Fe-W, Fe-Si-Al, Fe-P-C, Fe-Co-Ni-B, Al-Ni-Co, Sm-Co, Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co-Fe, Fe-Pt, Fe-Pd, Co-Pd or Mn-Al-C alloy nano-material, perhaps La-Ca-Mn-O, La-Sr-Mn-O, R, R-R`, R-M nano material, wherein R, R` are that thulium, M are transiting group metal elements; Perhaps contain the binary of rare earth element or the nano material of multivariant oxide.
5. composite wave-suction material according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described antiferromagnetism nano material comprises: Cr, Mn, Ir
1-xMn
x, Ni
1-xMn
x, Fe
1-xMn
x, Pt
1-xMn
x, 0＜x＜1 wherein.
6. composite wave-suction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described metallic magnetic nano material is Magnetic nano-pipe, magnetic nanometer or is adhered to or filling carbon nano-pipe and the magnetic nano material that forms by magnetic nanoparticle.
7. composite wave-suction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described basis material comprises polymer, hydrocarbon compound or mixture, inorganic semiconductor material or inorganic insulating material.
8. composite wave-suction material according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described polymer comprises rubber, polyalcohols acetal, resin, polyester, cellulose esters, polyethers, polyamide, vinyl polymer or plastics, perhaps above-mentioned various mixture of polymers.
9. composite wave-suction material according to claim 8 is characterized in that described hydrocarbon compound comprises oleic acid; Described hydrocarbon mixture comprises paraffin.
10. composite wave-suction material according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described inorganic semiconductor material comprises III-V compound semiconductor, II-VI compound semiconductor, Si, ZnO or Ge.
11. composite wave-suction material according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described inorganic insulating material comprises oxide dielectric material or dielectric material.
12. a composite wave-suction material preparation method, this method comprises the following steps:
1) preparation metallic magnetic nano material;
2) the metallic magnetic nano material is evenly spread to make coating or membrane material in the basis material.
13. the method for preparing composite wave-suction material according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described step 1) comprises following substep:
11) the porous type template of the oxide of preparation magnetic metal;
12), make at the hole edge of porous type template deposition layer of metal conductive layer, and this conductive layer does not all cover described hole at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template;
13) utilize alternating current to deposit the nanotube of described magnetic metal simple substance.
14. the method for preparing composite wave-suction material according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described step 12) also comprises: the thickness at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template is 5nm～300nm.
15. a magnetic nanotube preparation method, this method comprises the following steps:
1) the porous type template of the oxide of preparation magnetic metal;
2), make at the hole edge of porous type template deposition layer of metal conductive layer, and this conductive layer does not all cover described hole at a side metal-coated membrane of described porous type template;
3) utilize alternating current to deposit the nanotube of described magnetic metal simple substance.
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