CN102010260A - Biological seedling culture medium processed by papermaking sludge - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological seedling culture medium processed by papermaking sludge. The biological seedling culture medium comprises 30-50 percent of papermaking sludge biological compost, 10-20 percent of pearlite and the balance of vermiculite in volume ratio; 1-2kg/m<3> of functional bacteria is added, wherein the proportion of the compost is 40-50 percent preferably when in large seed culture, whereas the proportion of the compost is 30-40 percent preferably when in small seed culture; in the papermaking sludge biological compost, the papermaking sludge is taken as the main material and wheat bran or crop straw is taken as the auxiliary material, and 2-3kg/m<3> of compost rapid zymophyte strain is added to be evenly mixed with the main material and the auxiliary material to prepare a mixture, wherein the moisture content of the mixture is 50-60 percent, and the C/N (Carbon/ Nitrogen) ratio is 25-30. In the invention, the fully fermented papermaking sludge is adopted to serve as the substitute material of turf in the seedling culture medium to prepare the industrial seedling culture medium with low cost and sufficient nutrition through the reasonable proportioning. Cultured by the medium, seedlings have emerald green leaves, strong stems, developed roots and robust growth. The biological seeding culture medium can also effectively control the diseases in the seedling stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling medium, be specifically related to a kind of biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing.
Background technology
The industrial seedling rearing mode compares with traditional seedling raising manners that to have a sowing quantity few, and floor space is few; Can shorten seedling age, save seedling raise period; Can reduce disease and pest as far as possible takes place; Improve the production efficiency of growing seedlings, reduce cost; Be convenient to advantages such as unified management and new technology spread, but annual all continuous production.Developing rapidly of industrial breeding technique not only promoted the change of agriculture production mode, and quickened the adjustment and the upgrading of agricultural structure, promoted the process of agricultural modernization.
Matrix is the important materials that vegetable factoryization is grown seedlings, and it has fixedly crop root, and root system nutrition is provided, and coordinates the effect that moisture, nutrient and oxygen are supplied with.Seedling medium commonly used is mainly formulated mutually by materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlites, and the peat composed of rotten mosses is to be generally believed best matrix by countries in the world up to now.The peat composed of rotten mosses contains great number of organic matters and rich nutrient substances, and quality is light, water holding, preserve moisture and fertility ability are strong, has stronger shock-absorbing capacity, disease-free spore and worm's ovum, convenient management, success ratio height, be used the advantage that to give full play to separately with perlite, vermiculite etc., compensate its defect.But because the peat composed of rotten mosses is a kind of non-renewable natural resources, transportation cost is also very high, and has defectives such as nutrition lacks of staying power, and it is imperative to seek that some prices are low, the wide type material in source is used for substituting peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium.
Paper mill sludge belongs to the biomass solid waste, except that containing a large amount of fiber fines, also contains nutrient and middle trace elements such as abundant organic matter, N, P, K.This mud is by behind the high-temperature aerobic fermentation composting, and its harmful substance contents all is lower than " the agricultural mud pollutent controlling index " of China's promulgation in 1984, is a kind of nutritious organic manure resource.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, and developed a kind of biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing, the present invention adopts paper mill sludge after the fully fermentation as the equivalent material of the peat composed of rotten mosses in the seedling medium, low, the well-fed industrial seedling rearing matrix of making by rational proportion of a kind of cost is to satisfy modernized Agricultural Development; When using seedling medium of the present invention to grow seedlings, rice shoot leaf look bud green, cane is sturdy, well developed root system, and robust growth can reach the nursery effect of being made seedling medium by the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite; This seedling medium price is low, the source is wide, nutritious.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing wherein, in this seedling medium, is counted by volume, and the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 30%-50%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again.
Further, in the described seedling medium, count by volume, the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 40%-50%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Being used for large seed grows seedlings.
Further, in the described seedling medium, count by volume, the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 30%-40%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Being used for small-sized seed grows seedlings.
Further, described paper mill sludge biological compost is to be major ingredient with the paper mill sludge, is auxiliary material with wheat bran or agricultural crop straw, add 2-3kg/ cube of compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification again, mixing is made mixture, and wherein, the moisture content of gained mixture is that 50-60%, C/N ratio are at 25-30.
Further, described function yeast is BRJC1 pseudomonas putida and Ty-3 black mould and the mould composite flora of TR-5 wood.
A kind of method of processing biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, paper mill sludge, wheat bran or agricultural crop straw and compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification are mixed the back heap go into fermenter, be as the criterion with the volume of piling up in the fermenter, the amount of compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification is 2-3kg/ cube, and the water content that makes mixture is that 50-60%, C/N ratio are at 25-30;
The compound that second step, heap are gone into fermenter begins fermentation calefaction, after temperature rises to the 65-75 degree, turn over the fermentation material in the fermenter with special-purpose turnover throwing machine and throw logical oxygen every day, it is lowered the temperature repeatedly heat up again, reduce moisture simultaneously, fermentation time at least 30 days, fermentation finishes, moisture is reduced to 30-40%, and, pulverizing air-dry to the material after the fermentation makes the paper mill sludge biological compost;
The 3rd the step, get paper mill sludge biological compost 30%-50% by volume, perlite 10-20%, surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Hybrid process becomes biological seedling medium of the present invention.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the paper mill sludge biological compost fiber-enriched and the plant nutrient of the present invention's use have permeability and water-retentivity preferably, can be used as the seedling medium important source material and grow seedlings; When using the seedling medium of paper mill sludge biological compost preparation to grow seedlings, the length of time rice seedlings grow only watered between nursery stage and needn't use any fertilizer in 1 month, therefore energy-conservation saving of labor;
2, the best adding proportion of the paper mill sludge biological compost of the present invention's use, the compost ratio was advisable with 40-50% when wherein large seed was grown seedlings, and small-sized seed compost ratio is advisable with 30-40%;
When 3, the present invention used the seedling medium of paper mill sludge biological compost preparation to grow seedlings, rice shoot leaf look bud green, cane is sturdy, well developed root system, robust growth;
4, the present invention has added function yeast in the seedling medium of making of the paper mill sludge biological compost, and it not only can effectively promote the growth of rice shoot, but but also the effectively preventing sprout term disease;
5, the paper mill sludge that uses of the present invention is industrial waste, and the not only environmental protection and energy saving of turning waste into wealth, and price is low, the source wide are applicable to that industrialization grows seedlings.
Embodiment
Below with the biological seedling medium of paper mill sludge processing with the seedling medium of peat composed of rotten mosses processing controlled trial to large seed and small-sized seed, the present invention is described in further detail; " compost " of the following stated is the biological seedling medium of the present invention with paper mill sludge processing; " peat composed of rotten mosses " is the seedling medium with peat composed of rotten mosses processing.
One, materials and methods:
1, seedling matrix material
Testing selected seedling medium has vermiculite and perlite, originates from Xinyang, Henan Province; The peat composed of rotten mosses (contrast) originates from the Heilongjiang Province; The paper mill sludge biological compost is is major ingredient with the paper mill sludge, be aided with the in small, broken bits and exsiccant agricultural crop straw of wheat bran or wheat straw or other, add commercially available compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification by 2-3kg/ cubical consumption again and mix, make mixture water content wt% at 50-60%, C/N ratio at 25-30.
2, process the method for biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, paper mill sludge, wheat bran or agricultural crop straw and compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification are mixed the back heap go into fermenter, be as the criterion with the volume of piling up in the fermenter, the amount of compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification is 2-3kg/ cube, and the water content that makes mixture is that 50-60%, C/N ratio are at 25-30;
The compound that second step, heap are gone into fermenter begins fermentation calefaction, after temperature rises to the 65-75 degree, turn over the fermentation material in the fermenter with special-purpose turnover throwing machine and throw logical oxygen every day, it is lowered the temperature repeatedly heat up again, reduce moisture simultaneously, fermentation time at least 30 days, fermentation finishes, moisture is reduced to 30-40%, and, pulverizing air-dry to the material after the fermentation makes the paper mill sludge biological compost;
The 3rd the step, get paper mill sludge biological compost 30%-50% by volume, perlite 10-20%, surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Hybrid process becomes biological seedling medium of the present invention.
3, for planting experimentally son and seedling pan
Large seed cucumber and small-sized seed tomato are selected in test for use, and kind is as follows respectively:
Cucumber: spring four F1; Tomato: hair powder 802.
Seedling pan: 25cm * 50cm seedling pan, totally 50 cave/dishes are selected in test for use.
4, handle
Test is provided with 3 processing altogether, is respectively:
Handle 1: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=5: 4: 1 (contrast)
Paper mill sludge biological compost: vermiculite: perlite=5: 4: 1
Handle 2: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=4: 5: 1 (contrast)
Paper mill sludge biological compost: vermiculite: perlite=4: 5: 1
Handle 3: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=3: 6: 1 (contrast)
Paper mill sludge biological compost: vermiculite: perlite=3: 6: 1
Annotate: above ratio is volume ratio, after ratio prepares, all is added into 1kg/ cubical function yeast again in above-mentioned 3 seedling mediums of handling with the paper mill sludge biological compost.
Two, operation and management
1, the seedling medium proportioning is mixed: the various seedling mediums that will select for use are by above-mentioned volume ratio proportioning, and are stand-by behind the thorough mixing;
2, sabot: with the seedling pan of packing into of the seedling medium behind the thorough mixing, vibrate gently and make under several in the cave seedling medium more closely knit relatively, wipe off in length and breadth with scraper plate then, it is stand-by that seedling medium is uniformly distributed in the dish;
3, vernalization: 1-2 day is carried out vernalization to seed before sabot, germination time according to concrete vegetables kind sprout speed and decide, showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed in principle is as the criterion;
4, sowing: treat to sow after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, generally carry out the fine morning, depth of planting is generally 0.5cm, can not be too shallow or too dark, in case not emerging or plant the subband cap, seed is unearthed;
5, management: before the sowing seedling medium gradation in the seedling pan is watered permeablely, seedling pan humidity will not remain on about 90% before seed was emerged, and treated will suitably reduce seedling pan humidity after cotyledon flattens, and in order to root growth, morning and evening every day is respectively watered water one time.
Three, result's contrast
1, the different vegetable seed reguarity condition survey of sprouting:
1. the vernalization seed is broadcast behind the seedling pan the 3rd day, institutes an inquiry the seed sprouting situation, and whether the reguarity that main investigation is emerged, cotyledon stretching, extension situation etc. are high excessively with permeability, the degree of packing and the inorganic salt concentration of judging seedling medium.Table 1 is for broadcasting the situation of sprouting of the 3rd day each seed of handling of cucumber in back, as can be seen from Table 1, cucumber seedling rate in each processing that with the peat composed of rotten mosses is seedling medium is 100%, and the seedling rate in compost treatment is low, but reduction along with the compost usage ratio, bud ratio then progressively improves, and especially when the compost usage ratio was 30% or 40%, the situation of sprouting was identical with the contrast peat composed of rotten mosses.
2. the tomato situation of emerging was investigated in the 6th day in broadcasting the back, each leaf emergence of peat composed of rotten mosses matrix is 98%, and the tomato seedling rate is handled a little less than the peat composed of rotten mosses in the compost treatment, but along with the ratio of compost in the compost treatment reduces, the tomato seedling rate is high more.When the compost ratio was 30% or 40% in the compost treatment, the tomato seedling rate was handled identical with the peat composed of rotten mosses.
After broadcasting, respectively handles by table 1 the seed situation of sprouting
2, emerge the back rice shoot growing way, appearance situation
As can be seen from Table 2, about the 7th day after emerging, rice shoot grows rough leaf gradually and growth is accelerated.With regard to cucumber, because its seed is big, nutritious, the nutrition that the growth of rice shoot relies on seed to bring fully in the back short period of time of emerging, the seedling growth situation determines by seed nutrition; Therefore, this moment rice shoot all show as the leaf look dark green and healthy and strong.Different with cucumber is, tomato emerged the back in the time of the 7th day, and the leaf look of tomato was dark green during all were handled, but the tomato strain height that the peat composed of rotten mosses is handled is apparently higher than compost treatment.Interpolation of this explanation compost is stronger to growth-inhibiting effects such as seedlet crop such as tomatoes, but when the compost ratio is reduced to 30%, the growth-inhibiting effect of tomato sprout is obviously weakened.
Table 2 is broadcast the back and was respectively handled growing way appearance situation on the 7th day
3, when seedling growth to the in the time of 14 days, the cucumber seedling cotyledon in the peat composed of rotten mosses matrix is withered gradually, and true leaf begins yellowing, and growing way shows that the nutritive ingredient in the peat composed of rotten mosses matrix runs out of gradually a little less than changeing, and need replenish the required nutritive element of seedling growth in the mode of fertilising.With regard to all compost treatment, rice shoot leaf look dark green, and the growth impetus strengthens, and the compost ratio processing of this moment below 50% all demonstration promotes cucumber growth.With regard to tomato, the tomato growth in broadcasting the back all peats composed of rotten mosses being handled the 14th day the time is normal, and the leaf look shows slightly sap green, reduces to 50% when following when the compost ratio, and compost is eliminated to the restraining effect of tomato growth in earlier stage, and shows as tomato promoter action significantly.Leaf look in these several processing this moment is emerald green, and leaf area is big, and the stem strain is sturdy, and robust growth is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 is broadcast the back and was respectively handled growing way appearance situation on the 14th day
4, when broadcasting the back the 21st day the time, the peat composed of rotten mosses handles respectively that the jaundice of seedling of Fructus Cucumidis sativi seedling leaf look, plant are thin and tall, growing way very a little less than, and compost each handle in the equal growing way stalwartness of cucumber rice shoot, the leaf look bud green, the stem strain is sturdy.Cucumber seedling Ye Selve yellowing shows as a small amount of fertilizer deficiency in 30% compost treatment.At this moment, the rice shoot growing way is best, as shown in table 4 in 40% and 50% liang of compost treatment.
When broadcasting the back in the time of the 21st day, tomato seedling Ye Selve yellowing in each processing of the peat composed of rotten mosses is grown and is changeed slow.At this moment, tomato leaf look bud green, sturdy, the robust growth of stem strain is as shown in table 4 in each compost treatment.
Table 4 is broadcast the back and was respectively handled growing way appearance situation on the 21st day
5, test enters the 28th day, and as shown in table 5, it is all withered and yellow that the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively handled seedling of Fructus Cucumidis sativi seedling bottom leaf, can't normal growth, and this moment, and except that the jaundice of 30% compost treatment Folium Cucumidis sativi look, each handles all the other compost and all shows as leaf look bud green, robust growth.Wherein, best with 50% compost treatment cucumber rice shoot aggregate performance, its plant single-strain fresh weight is 2.84g/ strain (contrast is the 2.13g/ strain), and dry-matter is 0.25g/ strain (contrast is the 0.20g/ strain), and is as shown in table 6.
At this moment, because nutrition approach exhaustion substantially in the peat composed of rotten mosses, the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively handled tomato bottom Ye Yese jaundice, and growing way is obviously a little less than the commentaries on classics.In each processing of compost, 50% processing tomato plant single-strain fresh weight is 1.16g/ strain (contrast is the 0.4g/ strain), and dry matter weight is 0.1g/ strain (contrast is the 0.03g/ strain), shows as best, as shown in table 6.
Table 5 is broadcast the back and was respectively handled growing way appearance situation on the 28th day
Table 6 is respectively handled single-strain fresh weight and dry matter weight (unit: gram) in the time of the 28th day
Four, presentation of results: (following test-results can be consulted the photo of controlled trial, is attached in the examination as to substances bibliography.)
1, paper mill sludge biological compost fiber-enriched and plant nutrient have permeability and water-retentivity preferably, can be used as the seedling medium important source material and grow seedlings;
2, the best adding proportion of paper mill sludge biological compost, the compost ratio was advisable with 40-50% when wherein large seed was grown seedlings, and small-sized seed compost ratio is advisable with 30-40%;
When 3, the seedling medium that uses the paper mill sludge biological compost to prepare was grown seedlings, rice shoot leaf look bud green, cane is sturdy, well developed root system, robust growth;
When 4, using the seedling medium of paper mill sludge biological compost preparation to grow seedlings, the length of time rice seedlings grow only watered between nursery stage and needn't use any fertilizer in 1 month, therefore energy-conservation saving of labor;
5, the interpolation of function yeast has promoted the growth of rice shoot and can effectively prevent and treat sprout term disease, and the consumption that adds function yeast is 1-2kg/ cube.
Claims (6)
1. biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing is characterized in that: in this seedling medium, and meter by volume, the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 30%-50%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again.
2. the biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described paper mill sludge biological compost is to be major ingredient with the paper mill sludge, with wheat bran or agricultural crop straw is auxiliary material, add 2-3kg/ cube of compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification again, mixing is made mixture, wherein, the moisture content of gained mixture is that 50-60%, C/N ratio are at 25-30.
3. the biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described function yeast is BRJC1 pseudomonas putida and Ty-3 black mould and the mould composite flora of TR-5 wood.
4. the biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium, count by volume, the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 40%-50%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Being used for large seed grows seedlings.
5. the biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium, count by volume, the paper mill sludge biological compost accounts for 30%-40%, and perlite accounts for 10%-20%, and surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Being used for small-sized seed grows seedlings.
6. according to each described method of processing biological seedling medium with paper mill sludge of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, paper mill sludge, wheat bran or agricultural crop straw and compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification are mixed the back heap go into fermenter, be as the criterion with the volume of piling up in the fermenter, the amount of compost quick fermentation bacterium bacterial classification is 2-3kg/ cube, and the water content that makes mixture is that 50-60%, C/N ratio are at 25-30;
The compound that second step, heap are gone into fermenter begins fermentation calefaction, after temperature rises to the 65-75 degree, turn over the fermentation material in the fermenter with special-purpose turnover throwing machine and throw logical oxygen every day, it is lowered the temperature repeatedly heat up again, reduce moisture simultaneously, fermentation time at least 30 days, fermentation finishes, moisture is reduced to 30-40%, and, pulverizing air-dry to the material after the fermentation makes the paper mill sludge biological compost;
The 3rd the step, get paper mill sludge biological compost 30%-50% by volume, perlite 10-20%, surplus is a vermiculite; Add function yeast 1-2kg/ cube again; Hybrid process becomes biological seedling medium of the present invention.
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