CN104909878A - Arid region leafy vegetable cultivation medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Arid region leafy vegetable cultivation medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and especially relates to the field of plant cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to an arid region leafy vegetable cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims at a current vacancy in the researches on arid region leafy vegetable cultivation media, and provides the cultivation medium suitable for arid region leafy vegetable cultivation. The medium is prepared by mixing a mixture formed by a fermentation bed waste bedding material, vermiculite, perlite and peat and an additive formed by mixing water-absorbing resin and biochar, wherein the mixing weight ratio of water-absorbing resin to biochar is 1:12.5, and the water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.4-1.0% of the total weight of the cultivation medium. With the cultivation medium, arid region leafy vegetable yield can be improved, agricultural water utilization rate can be improved, and high-efficiency water-saving agriculture can be developed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, particularly field of plant cultivation, is more specifically a kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is one of country of water resources critical shortage in the world, and agricultural water is more precious.In order to improve agricultural water utilization ratio, development efficient agriculture with saving water becomes the important measures of agricultural sustainable development, and applying of novel water-saving technology seems particularly important.
Super absorbent resin (Super absorbent polymer, SAP) is a kind of novel high polymer material with super-strong moisture absorbing and water retention capacity, and water retention property is extremely strong, is widely used in the fields such as agroforestry, biological medicine and sanitary product.It is main in the present invention that what adopt is starch base High hydrophilous resin wherein.
Substrate culture will be one of the Main way of industrialized agriculture, and the application of current all kinds of SAP in soilless culture substrate is still immature.For the short slab that matrix ubiquitous water conservation retentiveness is relatively poor, SAP has more wide application prospect in matrix water retention property regulation and control field.
The contriver of this patent is devoted to this type cultivation base Quality Research always, once delivers and discloses " a kind of drought-hit area solanaceous vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof " (CN201410503923.9) and " a kind of leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof " (CN201410410898.X).At present these two parts of patent documents are all in the open stage, quote the full content of this two pieces patent document in this patent, everyly do not give all disclosing with these two parts of special instruction and define consistent in text, and acquisition means are identical.
Growth characteristics due to solanaceous vegetables and leaf vegetables and the requirement difference to matrix thereof are very large, and therefore the two cannot Direct Transfer use.
Particularly, solanaceous vegetables refer to in plant of Solanaceae with the vegetables that berry is edible.Solanaceous vegetables comprises tomato, eggplant and capsicum.The requirement of solanaceous vegetables to the cultivation medium that it is planted is higher, and one is that requirement contains abundant organic matter, and two is possess good air permeability, and three is to possess good irrigation condition.The demand of solanaceous vegetables to potassium, calcium, magnesium three kinds of nutritive elements is more, after particularly starting the collection period of fruit, easily produces the shortage symptom of these three kinds of nutritive elements.The blossom-end rot that the calcium deficiency of tomato as modal in everybody and capsicum causes, the yellow of tomato blade magnesium deficiency cause photosynthesis to weaken.Solanaceous vegetables for base fertilizer (comprising fertilizer and two kinds, chemical fertilizer) and the requirement of foliage fertilizer higher.Because solanaceous vegetables output is higher, to must use sufficient on base fertilizer the fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and high-quality, all nutrition type, compound (conjunction) fertilizer that potassium content is higher, this is the basis ensureing high yield and high quality, " three chased after not as an end " that proverb is said, the importance of base fertilizer in other words.After starting collection period, due to the minimizing of root system aging and new root generating capacity gradually, the receptivity of root system weakens, nutrients loss is absorbed from soil, want to ensure high yield, repeatedly the high-efficiency foliage fertilizer of supporting must be managed jointly by foliage-spray, with supplementary Fruit desired nutritional, nutritional deficiency disease can also be effectively prevented simultaneously.The collection period of solanaceous vegetables is long, output is high, ability of bearing fruit continuously is strong.Along with gathering in batches, nutrient is constantly pulled away.So need limit to gather, limit supply nutrient, could meet the needs of constantly blooming and bearing fruit, otherwise, plant meeting early ageing, shortening collection period, yield and quality decline.Require warm weather condition, not cold resistant and frost.
Leaf vegetables is using the tender blade of vegetable fertilizer and petiole as the vegetables of Leaf-feeding insects.Leaf vegetables comprises two classes, the first kind is with tender leaf and the edible vegetables of stem, as Plantula Brassicae chinensis, celery, spinach, three-coloured amaranth, lettuce etc., claim vegetables with green leaves class: Equations of The Second Kind is with the edible vegetables of leaf-head, as cabbage, Chinese cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Cauliflower etc., be called balling leaf vegetables.Although leaf vegetables kind is more, on nutritional needs, there is its general character: (1) is in the absorbed dose of three elements, main based on nitrogen potassium, both are about 1: 1 at ratio, compared with fruit vegetables, the demand of nitrogen obviously increases, if lack nitrogen potassium, is then difficult to form product fresh and tender, of fine quality; In addition, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, spinach etc. are all the vegetables needing calcium, phosphorus more.(2) leaf vegetables root system buries more shallow, belongs to shallow root crop, and root system drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant ability are all low, soil drought can seriously hinder it to the absorption of calcium, boron, thus more easily there is calcium deficiency, boron deficiency symptom, also should note rate of fertilizer application and position when applying fertilizer, should shallow-layer, less layer repeatedly apply fertilizer.(3) in leaf vegetables body, nutrient element constantly accumulated in whole breeding time, but the peak of nutrition absorption speed in fertility in earlier stage, balling leaf vegetables nutrition absorption peak is then at the balling initial stage, and therefore, early stage, nutrition supply was extremely important to leaf vegetables output, quality.
Therefore, we consider based on the leaf vegetables cultivation matrix of non-drought-hit area at the beginning of research, such as, in " a kind of leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof " disclosed in us discard that bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite and vegetable garden soil form by fermentation bed be applicable to leaf vegetables matrix, be equipped with us according to " water-absorbing resin " that be exclusively used in drought-hit area disclosed in " a kind of drought-hit area solanaceous vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof ", define new a kind of cultivation matrix.
But, using this cultivation matrix as in the cultivation matrix experimentation of drought-hit area leaf vegetables, we find the difference due to its basic components, thus it is very large that the matrix that two kinds of basic components are formed is that water-absorbing resin carries out in conjunction with rear effect difference, the seedling rate of the cultivation matrix leaf vegetables that aforesaid combination is formed significantly reduces, even if emerge simultaneously, the poor growth of crop, does not meet the standard of cultivation matrix.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the blank for the research of current drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, provide a kind of and be suitable for matrix of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation and preparation method thereof.
Drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix disclosed in us, be discard bedding and padding by fermentation bed, addition material that mixture that vermiculite, perlite, peat are formed and water-absorbing resin and biological carbon are mixed to form mixes, described water-absorbing resin is 1:12.5 with the mixed weight ratio of biological carbon, and described water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Most preferably water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Fermentation bed wherein discards bedding and padding with reference to treatment process disclosed in CN201410503923.9.Here hybrid mode is that basestocks mixes with addition material, basestocks be discard bedding and padding by fermentation bed, vermiculite, perlite, peat mixes, addition material is mixed by water-absorbing resin and biological carbon.
Biological carbon preferably adopts wheat stalk anaerobism calcination at 600 DEG C to make.
Further, the addition of our preferred described water-absorbing resin is 2.5kg/m
3, the addition of biological carbon is 32kg/m3.
Meanwhile, we also further preferred described fermentation bed discard bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat mixed volume ratio be 4:2:2:2.
Further, we further disclose the preparation method of a kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix in the present invention, comprise the following steps:
(1) water-absorbing resin and biological carbon are mixed according to weight ratio 1:12.5, obtain mixing addition material;
(2) fermentation bed is discarded bedding and padding with vermiculite, perlite, peat according to mixed volume than loading whipping appts, and the mixing addition material obtained in step (1) is added in whipping appts, after mixing, obtains leaf vegetables cultivation matrix.
Wherein, preferably, in described step (2), mixing addition material adds in premixture according to the speed of 50kg ~ 100kg per hour.
Whipping appts can adopt pony mixer.Mixing can adopt small-sized electric charger adding of addition material, thus accurately controls charging.The cultivation matrix producing 1m3 roughly needs stirring 10 minutes.
Certainly, blending ratio in reference product, described in preparation method, fermentation bed discards bedding and padding in step (2), vermiculite, perlite, peat mixes according to the ratio of volume ratio 4:2:2:2.Described water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight, and most preferably water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Drought-hit area disclosed in this invention leaf vegetables cultivation matrix is applicable to drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation, can improve the output of drought-hit area leaf vegetables, can improve agricultural water utilization ratio simultaneously, development high-efficiency water-saving agricultural.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the absorption curve figure of N.
Fig. 2 is the absorption curve figure of P.
Fig. 3 is the absorption curve figure of K.
Fig. 4 is super absorbent resin and cultivation matrix water retaining capacity graphic representation.
Fig. 5 is the graphic representation of super absorbent resin and crop water requirement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
The fermentation bed cleaned out by pigsty discards bedding and padding, adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content, and carbon-nitrogen ratio controls in (16 ~ 25): 1, and water content control is 50% ~ 60%;
Water content control method: pigsty clears out fermentation bed, and to discard the general water content of bedding and padding be 30-40%, by adding water, makes water content reach 50% to 60%;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio control method: if pigsty clear out fermentation bed discard bedding and padding carbon-nitrogen ratio higher by add pig manure regulate (pig manure carbon-nitrogen ratio is at about 12:1), if on the low side by add stalk regulate (stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio is at about 50:1).
Fermentation bed after process is discarded bedding and padding to bank up fermentation, turn over throwing every three days once, bank up and ferment to rotten degree 80% ± 2%; In general to ferment 1 ~ 2 month; Pay special attention to will have more than seven days at least in whole fermenting process, ensure that temperature is more than 50 DEG C.
According to volume ratio 4:2:2:2, fermentation bed is discarded bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat mixing, basis of formation matrix.
Embodiment 2
Prepare the base matrix of the quality such as 32 parts, the preparation reference example 1 of base matrix.
Respectively to the biological carbon and the super absorbent resin that wherein add formula ratio.
Investigate every physico-chemical property of different ingredients, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
SB0-SB16 is interpolation 0.8 g L
-1super absorbent resin and 0-16%(0,0.2%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%) matrix of charcoal; The matrix that NSB0-NSB16 adds without super absorbent resin for only adding 0-16% (0,0.2%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%) charcoal.The different lowercase of same column represent that between different treatment, there were significant differences (
p< 0.05).
Embodiment 3
The drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix of formation 32 kinds of different ratio is prepared according to the method in embodiment 2, for mater convolvulus cultivation, under investigating different cultivation matrix condition respectively, the growing state of mater convolvulus, investigation the results are shown in Table 2, under investigating different cultivation matrix culture condition simultaneously, mater convolvulus is to the absorbing state of N, P, K, the results are shown in Figure 1 ~ Fig. 3, denote in interpolation with under not being added with super absorbent resin two kinds of situations in every width figure all respectively, N, P, K absorbing state of plant above ground, two parts in underground.。
Table 2:
Can be illustrated by above embodiment, utilize the biological carbon of formula ratio and super absorbent resin can realize good drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation effect, not only can preserve moisture and fertility, porosity is high simultaneously, air permeability is good, after cultivation, the seedling rate of plant is high, and moisture and nutriment good absorption, growth conditions is good.
Embodiment 4
The base matrix of the quality such as 7 parts is prepared according to the mode of embodiment 1, then respectively to the addition material of the super absorbent resin composition of the biological carbon and different ratios that wherein add mass ratio 0.8%, and be experiment with mater convolvulus, examination different ratios super absorbent resin affects and water requirement demand the growing state of mater convolvulus, result table 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 5.
Table 3:
Represent in 0.05 level, to there is significant difference between different SAP interpolation process with the different lowercase of a line in table 3.
From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, with the increase of SAP addition, matrix water retaining capacity is significant positive correlation, available y=59.6+10.7x+9.03x
2, wherein x is SAP adding proportion, and y is water retaining capacity; The water requirement of every strain mater convolvulus is then significant negative correlativing relation y=574.5-14.7x – 21.9x with SAP addition
2, wherein x is SAP adding proportion, and y is every strain crop water requirement.
Embodiment 5
Cultivation matrix one is formed with the processing mode of SB8 in embodiment 2.
Then adopt the processing mode of SB8 equally, only peat vegetable garden soil is wherein replaced, form cultivation matrix two.
Be experiment vegetables with mater convolvulus, investigates two kinds of different cultivation matrixes, we find that cultivation matrix two is compared to cultivation matrix one, to the growth generation negative interaction of plant.
Claims (9)
1. a drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: described cultivation matrix be discard bedding and padding by fermentation bed, addition material that mixture that vermiculite, perlite, peat are formed and water-absorbing resin and biological carbon are mixed to form mixes, described water-absorbing resin is 1:12.5 with the mixed weight ratio of biological carbon, and described water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
2. drought-hit area according to claim 1 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: the addition of described water-absorbing resin is 2.5kg/m
3, the addition of biological carbon is 32kg/m3.
3. drought-hit area according to claim 1 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: described fermentation bed discard bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat mixed volume ratio be 4:2:2:2.
4. drought-hit area according to claim 1 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: described water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
5. a preparation method for drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) water-absorbing resin and biological carbon are mixed according to weight ratio 1:12.5, obtain mixing addition material;
(2) fermentation bed is discarded bedding and padding with vermiculite, perlite, peat according to mixed volume than loading whipping appts, and the mixing addition material obtained in step (1) is added in whipping appts, after mixing, obtains leaf vegetables cultivation matrix.
6. the preparation method of drought-hit area according to claim 5 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: in described step (2), mixing addition material adds in premixture according to the speed of 50kg ~ 100kg per hour.
7. the preparation method of drought-hit area according to claim 5 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: fermentation bed discards bedding and padding in described step (2), vermiculite, perlite, peat mixes according to the ratio of volume ratio 4:2:2:2.
8. the preparation method of drought-hit area according to claim 5 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: in described step (2), water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
9. the preparation method of drought-hit area according to claim 5 leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, is characterized in that: in described step (2), water-absorbing resin accounts for 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
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