CN101980990B - 含外加膨胀蛭石的石膏砂浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
含外加膨胀蛭石的石膏砂浆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
- C04B20/06—Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials
- C04B20/066—Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials in shaft or vertical furnaces
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有分层膨胀蛭石并用柠檬酸和酒石酸增强的石膏砂浆,其组成包括下列成分和比例:40%硫酸钙,40%分层膨胀蛭石,0.05%到0.3%柠檬酸,0.05%到1%酒石酸,0.01%到0.5%硫酸铜,0.01%到0.5%柠檬酸钠或钾,足量的水1000ml,用于表面涂刷时,天然膨胀蛭石添加的工艺使用的是垂直炉,得到更好的粒径和一些不含水或空气的分层膨胀蛭石。用于表面涂刷时,为便于施用,改进砂浆的力学性能,施用柠檬酸和酒石酸、硫酸铜和柠檬酸钠或钾增强,水在混合物配制前加入。
Description
发明目的
本发明如本报告的说明书陈述,涉及含有膨胀蛭石并通过酒石酸、柠檬酸、硫酸铜和柠檬酸钠或钾增强的建筑用石膏砂浆及其制备方法。
更具体地说,本发明的目的由改性硫酸钙砂浆构成,其介绍的特征是用市售同类产品完全不同的方法实现膨胀蛭石加入。我们将硫酸钙和水加在一起,用酒石酸、柠檬酸、硫酸铜和钾或柠檬酸钠改性后,我们就得到一种特别为耐火应用和保温隔音而专门设计的砂浆;这类砂浆具有的特性包括某些优异的机械性能,使其没有必要使用片材做饰面,再配合对应的接缝密封和金属外周的安装等的后续工序。有了它的优异的性能,还适用于通过石膏模型***的涂布用于板材的制造,这些模型或者平滑或者刻有装饰图案。
技术领域
本发明的应用领域限定在材料行业用于表面涂覆层的石膏砂浆,更具体地说用在被动防火***中;其也被归类与隔音和保温以及装饰涂层。
背景技术
据悉,该行业中非常有名的是含所有类型蛭石的各种各样差别很大的砂浆。但是,这类砂浆的主要缺点是缺乏机械强度。由于这个原因,更易摩擦而使破坏越来越严重,需要耐火盖板进行后续的装饰。它们还需要定期维修,纠正砂浆上经时出现的瑕疵。在隔音或保温方面,这类蛭石砂浆也必须配合岩棉或类似的饰面或保温板。另外,所有这些种类的饰面都需要进行另外的作业,例如接缝密封、安装金属外周等;所以很需要有一种砂浆在一次施工中直接满足上述全部功能,不需要后续的工序。
到目前为止,蛭石砂浆加入膨胀蛭石采用的是将矿物在炉内最高加热到870℃的简单工艺;在这个温度下,随着矿物中水分的蒸发,材料发生剥落并膨胀到其体积的20倍,这种矿物呈挠曲状,加入板材产生褐色-灰色的亮光成形的板材起到“小镜子”的作用,对热辐射和声波都加以反射,赋予砂浆保温和防火的性质。迄今已知的工艺都是将天然蛭石通过水平输送带置于焙烧炉中,用到四种不同类型具有不同的粒径和特定物理性质的膨胀蛭石。使用本发明人建议的新***,工艺通过焙烧炉进行,其中蛭石垂直输送,工艺按照与传统上珍珠岩相似的方法进行。通过这种垂直方法,我们得到的蛭石比传统方法更多;新的蛭石赋予砂浆本报告中所指出的特征。
砂浆带来的另一个特征在于,不同于传统的砂浆,增强剂不是加入在干粉中,而是在把水加入硫酸盐和蛭石混合物前将其加入水中。
对由配制本砂浆增强剂的各种产品所组成的增强剂,其利用也已为人所知;例如柠檬酸和酒石酸广泛用于生产传统的增强剂。但是,本砂浆中采用的比例,加上对通常增强剂中没有用到的物质的使用,使得到的砂浆有更好的附着力、可塑性和对硬化的控制。我们意识到了在一些文件中提到结合柠檬酸或酒石酸的使用,如有关石膏增强剂的专利200302704。但是,这方面的任何专家都能了解,这里加入的比例不同,并使用了其他的物质作为石膏增强剂,本发明针对的应用也不同。
我们还要将下列作为与本发明有关的文件提出:
专利ES 2196605,关于石膏砂浆,其成分包括柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸或酒石酸盐。
专利ES 2103417,关于一种用石膏和石灰石增强的干混砂浆。
专利ES 21291164,有关由石膏或焙烧石膏组成的基于浸渍加气混凝土颗粒的涂布用干砂浆。
专利ES 8401121,有关制备含有石膏形式半水合硫酸钙的防火砂浆的制备程序。
专利ES 3827895,有关包含15%到20%石膏的建筑用组合物。
专利GB 1258054,关于某些混凝土生产的改进,包括其组合物中的石膏。
尽管上述文件与建筑砂浆有关,其组成包括本发明提出的一些组分,但是其中没有一个包括本发明的全部这些成分,也没有申请类似的方法;因此可以指出,我们不知道有其他的发明具有某些类似于本发明在这里提到的特征。
发明内容
因此,本发明提出的砂浆在符合其应用领域具有明显创新性的严格定义,因为其在与市场上不同的全新膨胀***中使用膨胀蛭石,该***包括垂直炉中进行工艺,得到新品种的蛭石,即分层膨胀蛭石。以这种方法,将分层膨胀蛭石与硫酸钙(石膏)混合,并使用增强剂柠檬酸、酒石酸、硫酸铜和柠檬酸钠或钾,我们就得到一种非常均匀的混合物,至少达到60% ShoreC的硬度。这种砂浆符合所有对同类材料的法规要求,在授权实验室被批准得到这种证明。
得到的材料是一种适合在现有任何***施用的砂浆,可通过人工和涂布机涂布;参与处理人员不需要特殊的资质。
因为有所取得砂浆具有的结果,由于全部的组分在其自然界存在的状态,而且无毒,我们可以向国内和国际市场提供一些非常有优势的产品;它们完全环保,同时由于不需要再涂布一层表面,还意味着时间和成本的节约,赋予这种砂浆所带来的特征。这代表我们已经努力走在前面。
如前所述,本石膏砂浆的组成部分是硫酸钙(石膏)、干燥薄层分层膨胀蛭石和水,使用柠檬酸、酒石酸、硫酸铜和硫酸钠或钾增强。
蛭石是一种云母类的矿物,基本上由硅酸铁和铝组成。其天然形式是一种具有层状结构的褐色-灰色云母;层间赋存水。其主要的特征在于,将其加热到870℃以上时,其剥落能力造成体积膨胀到原始大小的八到二十倍,形成分层膨胀蛭石;这种蛭石以低密度干粉形式用于砂浆制造中。这种蛭石是一种极低密度、非常多孔的材料,具有优异的隔热性能。按照前面提到的工艺,加入这种砂浆的新型蛭石赋予了强度、轻质和保温等一些特征,对目前的性质有显著的改善。
石膏从水合硫酸钙取得,这是一种自然界大量存在的材料;因为其残留物处置简单,所以其使用也是环保的。因为其能够吸收和排出水蒸汽,因此还是一个湿度调节器,起到调节封闭空间环境湿度的作用。它也是热和声优异的非导体,赋予隔墙优异的保温能力,并且很大程度上降低了令人不适的回声和混响。最后,我们还想指出,因为水合石膏中含有大量的水,所以石膏也提供有效的防火效果。
柠檬酸和酒石酸、硫酸铜以及柠檬酸钠或钾都是完全天然的物质,在自然界的存在有很多外观和形式。用很久以前就为人所知的方法就能得到这些物质。前两种物质在砂浆中的作用是控制石膏的硬化。硫酸铜赋予砂浆在涂布表面上优异的附着力。最后,柠檬酸钠或钾赋予砂浆体特定的可塑性特征,有助于处理和施用。
本发明提出的砂浆组成包括下列组分和比例:
硫酸钙................40%
分层膨胀蛭石.............40%
柠檬酸...................0.05%到0.3%
酒石酸...................0.05%到1%
硫酸铜...................0.01%到0.5%
柠檬酸钠或钾............0.01%到0.5%
水......................足量1000ml
根据是否用于防火、保温或较高的等施工需要,比例将在指出范围内作出合理调整;例如,防火或保温需要砂浆中较大量的蛭石,隔音应用需要更多的硫酸钙。
新型砂浆主要的性质和特征是:
重量轻。根据粒径的不同,砂浆的表观密度在550到750Kg/m3之间。
导热系数低。其隔热能力的检测使用涂有一层8cm的本材料的9cm空心墙砖进行,施加温度变化时-最初1200℃,然后-200℃-未接触高温面试验完成后的温度变化没有超过60℃;本材料被归入E1240。另外,本材料达到特定防护标准所需的厚度也比目前最常见的砂浆低得多。
配比。传统的砂浆通常以1/升水配1kg干砂浆的比例混合。这里提出的砂浆需要的配比大约为500g配1升水。以这种方法,我们为材料到施工地点的运输提供了便利。
极好的粒径。这是因为分层膨胀蛭石的细小层片形成了反射和散射通过辐射传递热量的屏障,将材料变为极好的耐火层。
隔音。因为声波影响了分层膨胀蛭石多方向排列的细小层片,这些声波以各种方向反射或被矿物中气泡的微观结构所吸收。由于这一点,加入蛭石的砂浆就成为优异的很宽频率范围的声波的不良导体。
防火。砂浆的熔点是1370℃,软化温度是1250℃。因此这是一种防火复合材料,其化学性质在高温下非常稳定,使其成为理想的消防材料。
稳定性。所报告的砂浆对大气因素和时间不敏感。砂浆非常稳定,化学性质是中性(pH=7.2)和惰性的;其不吸湿,无细菌滋生,不会造成任何疫病和传染病方面的问题。受潮后需要大约1天干燥,这比传统的砂浆花3天或一周干燥要改进很多。
这种砂浆的其他优点还有砂浆体的可塑性以及在基底上的良好附着力,还有上述优异的机械性能。有这些实现了直接用砂浆做饰面层,不需要用板或安装金属外周。这种砂浆的维护几乎是零,不会随时间破损。
最后,我们要指出本发明的砂浆由于其天然的和可生物降解的组分,保持不变,所以也具有环境优势。
实施示例
本发明通过下列实例披露,这些实例并不构成对其范围的限制:
一袋成分为50%硫酸钙和50%分层膨胀蛭石的干混合料。这袋混合物重量约为500g,然后加入500g水中,水中含先前配制柠檬酸和酒石酸、硫酸铜和柠檬酸钾混合物,这样得到的砂浆凝固时间为30分钟;到了这个时间后,砂浆的硬化将加速,并在15分钟内完成。这种混合物尤其适合内墙涂布,用于建筑物保温的目的。
本发明的本质及实现方式现已充分报道,因此使任何本方面的专家都能了解其范围和由此得到的优点已不需更多说明。需要说明的是,本发明可以上面指出实例以外的形式实现,只要其基本原理未改变或改进,则依然需要得到保护。
Claims (2)
1.含有分层膨胀蛭石并用柠檬酸和酒石酸增强的石膏砂浆,用于防火应用和保温隔音,通过手工或涂布机施用,其同样适用于通过石膏模型***用于涂覆板材制造,其特征在于,其组成包括下列成分和比例:
硫酸钙...................................40%
分层膨胀蛭石.............................40%
柠檬酸...........................0.05%到0.3%
酒石酸.............................0.05%到1%
硫酸铜..........................0.01%到0.5%
柠檬酸钠或钾.....................0.01%到0.5%
水 足量1000ml。
2.获得如权利要求1所述的含有分层膨胀蛭石并用柠檬酸和酒石酸增强的石膏砂浆的方法,其特征在于,用于表面涂刷时,天然蛭石添加的工艺使用的是垂直炉,得到更好的粒径和一些不含水或空气的分层膨胀蛭石。
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ES200800891A ES2331043B1 (es) | 2008-03-31 | 2008-03-31 | Mortero de yeso con vermiculita expandida y aditivado, y procedimiento para su obtencion. |
PCT/ES2009/000148 WO2009121984A1 (es) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-13 | Mortero de yeso con vermiculita expandida y aditivado, y procedimiento para su obtención |
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US9834478B2 (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2017-12-05 | Sika Technology Ag | Stabilized solidification and setting accelerator for hydraulic binders |
CN109516753A (zh) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-26 | 汪培杰 | 一种建筑用保温材料及其制备方法 |
US11091395B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | Beijing Building Materials Academy Of Sciences Research | Multifunctional gypsum-based mortar and method of making same |
CN112897976A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-04 | 山东洁盾环保科技有限公司 | 一种轻质抹灰柠檬酸石膏砂浆 |
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ZA201007090B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
BRPI0906344A2 (pt) | 2015-09-22 |
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US20110024702A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
WO2009121984A1 (es) | 2009-10-08 |
EP2261188A4 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
EP2261188A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
MX2010010722A (es) | 2012-09-28 |
CN101980990A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
CR11699A (es) | 2011-02-24 |
CO6310989A2 (es) | 2011-08-22 |
ES2331043A1 (es) | 2009-12-18 |
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