CN101952587A - 一种改进的风力涡轮机驱动*** - Google Patents

一种改进的风力涡轮机驱动*** Download PDF

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CN101952587A
CN101952587A CN2008801140435A CN200880114043A CN101952587A CN 101952587 A CN101952587 A CN 101952587A CN 2008801140435 A CN2008801140435 A CN 2008801140435A CN 200880114043 A CN200880114043 A CN 200880114043A CN 101952587 A CN101952587 A CN 101952587A
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generator
wind turbine
main shaft
coupling element
support frame
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CN101952587B (zh
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C·莫恩斯
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/14—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

风力涡轮机，包括塔架(11)，支撑框架(41)以及驱动***，所述驱动***包含旋翼座(13)，通过前轴承(43)和后轴承(45)支撑的主轴(21)，位于相对塔架(11)旋翼座(13)对侧的发电机(31)，以及位于发电机壳体(33)和支撑框架(41)之间的耦合元件(39)，所述发电机(31)带有与主轴(23)刚性连接的电机轴；所述耦合元件(39)设置于这样一个表面上：该表面基本上与平面Y-Z共面，所述Y-Z平面与位于后轴承(45)中心的主轴(21)X轴线垂直，且被设置成允许所述发电机壳体(33)能够在主轴(21)轴线(X)方向上被置换，但阻止所述发电机壳体(33)能够在主轴(21)轴线(X)方向上被旋转置换。

Description

一种改进的风力涡轮机驱动***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风力涡轮机，尤其涉及一种使用直接通过主轴驱动的发电机的无传动齿轮风力涡轮机的驱动***结构。
背景技术
现有技术中，有变速箱和无变速箱风力涡轮机的驱动***结构都为大家所熟知。
在第一种情况中，变速箱和发电机可以作为独立部件连续地设置，或者设置在一个独立的单元中。后者，被文献US 2006/0104815A1公开：所述发电机被构造为共心地包含齿轮的环状。所述齿轮既可以是轴向可拆卸的基础部分，也可以是与机器支座单独的可拆分的连接部分。
在第二种情况中，特别是在具有永久磁铁发电机的风力涡轮机的情况下，风力涡轮机被直接通过位于旋翼座(rotor hub)和发电机之间的连接配置驱动，这明显不同于驱动***的结构。
在这些结构案例中，公开于文献WO01/94779A1中的所述位于旋翼座和发电机之间的连接配置为一由两轴承元件支撑的两部分轮轴
在另一些该结构的案例中，所述位于旋翼座和发电机之间的连接配置为由轴承在一管状件(内邻于所述中空轴)处支撑的中空轴。所述管状件连接于所述风力涡轮机支撑部分。在这些结构中，所述安装于所述塔架上的风力涡轮机支撑结构被设计来允许所述发电机组件-具有一大直径转子和定子-能够位于所述旋翼座和所述塔架之间。该结构的其中一个案例在文献US 2004/0108733A1中被公开：所述中空轴借助于一同时也承载所述管状件上力矩的单轴承支撑。该结构用来减少安装于所述塔架上端的风力涡轮机元件的尺寸和重量，但其有一个缺陷就是提高了维护的成本，尤其是在需要拆卸各组件时。
在另一些这样的结构中，所述塔架位于所述旋翼座和所述发电机组件之间。该结构的其中一个案例在文献WO 02/33254A1被公开：位于所述旋翼座和所述发电机组件之间的连接配置为一借助于两设置于所述塔架顶部基座上的轴承支撑的主轴。
在被直接驱动的驱动***中有一问题，特别是当所述塔架位于旋翼座和发电机组件之间并因而需要一长的主轴，即就是要消除当主轴承载重旋翼座载荷时的发电机组件的破坏性变形。
WO 02/033254中借助于发电机定子与风力涡轮机基座之间的不旋转的耦合克服了这个问题。然而，这种方案带来了重轴承载荷。
本发明旨在克服上述不足。
发明内容
本发明的一个发明目的就是提供一种无传动齿轮的风力涡轮机，该涡轮机使用一具有功率大于500KW、直接由一带驱动***结构的主轴驱动的发电机，以求便于安装和维护。
本发明的另一个发明目的就是提供一种无传动齿轮的风力涡轮机，该涡轮机使用一具有功率大于500KW、直接由一带驱动***结构的主轴驱动的发电机，以求当主轴承载重旋翼座载荷时减小发电机组件的变形以及轴承的载荷。
通过提供这样一种风力涡轮机能够实现这些目的和其他目的，该风力涡轮机包括：
塔架；
安装于所述塔架顶端的支撑框架；
驱动***，包含有旋翼座、主轴以及带与所述主轴刚性连接的发电机轴的发电机，其中，所述旋翼座与所述发电机位于所述塔架的相对两侧，通过靠近于所述旋翼座的前轴承、靠近于所述发电机的后轴承，所述主轴由支撑框架支撑；与所述发电机壳体刚性连接的定子，该定子借助于两轴承由发电机轴支撑；所述驱动***还包括一位于所述发电机壳体和所述支撑框架之间的耦合元件，所述耦合元件设置于这样一个表面上：该表面基本上与平面Y-Z共面，所述Y-Z平面与位于后轴承中心的主轴X轴线垂直，且被设置成允许所述发电机壳体能够在主轴X轴线方向上被置换，但阻止所述发电机壳体能够在主轴X轴线方向上被旋转置换。
优选地，所述耦合元件为一金属盘。因此，一简单柔性耦合在发电机和支撑框架间被实现。
优选地，所述发电机为永磁发电机。据此，在风力涡轮机中使用这种类型的发电机是便利的。
本发明的其他优点将会从以下实施例的具体描述中得到体现，并且决不具体限制其关于所附说明书附图的目的。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明所述的风力涡轮机的部分侧视图。
具体实施方式
所述无传动齿轮风力涡轮机的驱动***的结构，即使用直接由主轴驱动的低速永久磁铁(PM)发电机，由这种类型发电机的特殊结构决定。根据本发明一优选实施例，所述驱动***的结构是基于一主轴21，所述主轴21从旋翼座13延伸至具有超过500KW功率的低速发电机31，并穿过塔架11。
所述驱动***包括一通过刃型支承17连接有一个或多个叶片15的可旋转的旋翼座13，一主轴21以及一在壳体33内包含有一转子35和一定子37的低速电机31。
所述主轴21与旋翼座13和一电机轴23连接以将驱动转矩直接提供给发电机转子35。所述主轴21与发电机轴23之间的连接是通过压缩盘25以实现弯曲和扭转的刚性连接的。
所述主轴21借助于靠近旋翼座13的前轴承43和靠近发电机31的后轴承45由安装于塔架11顶端的支撑框架41支撑。所述发电机31通过轴承27、29由发电机轴23支撑。
所述支撑框架41安装于所述塔架11的顶端，且和用于与偏航驱动器49(yaw drives)、偏航轴承(yaw bearings)(图中未示出)分界面一起位于所述旋翼座13和发电机31的之间。
为了平衡发电机31的输出转矩，所述与定子37固定连接的发电机壳体33，通过一耦合元件39与支撑框架41耦合，所述耦合元件39位于这样一个平面上：该平面基本上与平面Y-Z共面，所述Y-Z平面与位于后轴承45中心的所述主轴21X轴线垂直。
所述主轴21承载来自于旋翼座13的力和力矩时会弯曲，并且发电机31上的任何点都会以中心于后轴承45中心的环形路径转移。由于耦合元件39较后轴承45更接近于在同一个平面上，因此耦合元件39的外边缘51不得不主要沿着主轴轴X的方向移动以消除在发电机轴承27、29上的极端反应。
所述耦合元件39在Y-Z平面上应为一刚性元件，在X方向上应为柔性元件。在Y-Z平面上，所述耦合元件39必须具有足够硬度以将转矩从发电机壳体33传递至支撑框架41。其必须不折叠或者不能有任何永久性变形。
在优选实施例中，所述耦合元件39为一金属盘。所述耦合元件39与发电机壳体33的连接可以通过螺栓、焊接或其他方式。所述耦合元件39与支撑框架41的连接优选螺栓连接。对于这两种连接，不带任何可移动部件的硬性连接是必须的，否则易于磨损。
因此，所述耦合元件39的功能是能够传递非常大的转矩，并同时允许耦合元件39在轴向的移动(作为一种轴在后轴承45上旋转的结果)以最小化在发电机轴承27、29以及主轴承43、45上的载荷。
根据本发明所述驱动***机构的一个重要优点是：其可以作为一个具有良好适用性的风力涡轮部件，该部件可以轻易地从主轴上拆卸下来而不用松动其他部件。
尽管已经结合优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但显而易见地，在依据本发明保护范围内所作的修改，不应该视为受上述实施例的限制，而是恰好相反，该修改内容均应该落在权利要求保护的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.风力涡轮机，包括一驱动***，一塔架(11)以及一安装于所述塔架上的支撑框架(41)，所述驱动***包含一承载转子叶片(15)的旋翼座(13)，一主轴(21)以及一功率大于500KW且带一发电机轴(23)的发电机(31)，其中：
a)所述旋翼座(13)与所述发电机(31)位于所述塔架(11)的相对两侧；
b)所述主轴(21)通过靠近于所述旋翼座(13)的前轴承(43)以及靠近于所述发电机(31)的后轴承(45)由所述支撑框架(41)支撑；
c)与所述发电机壳体(33)刚性连接的定子(37)借助于两轴承(27、29)由发电机轴(23)支撑；
其特征在于：所述驱动***还包括一位于所述发电机壳体(33)和所述支撑框架(41)之间的耦合元件(39)，所述耦合元件(39)设置于这样一个表面上：该表面基本上与平面Y-Z共面，所述Y-Z平面与位于后轴承(45)中心的主轴X轴线垂直，且被设置成允许所述发电机壳体(33)能够在主轴(21)轴线(X)方向上被置换，但阻止所述发电机壳体(33)能够在主轴(21)轴线(X)方向上被旋转置换。
2.如权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于：所述耦合元件(39)为一金属盘。
3.如权利要求1-2任一所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于：所述耦合元件(39)与支撑框架(41)以及与发电机壳体(33)的连接为刚性连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于：所述连接到支撑框架(41)的方式为螺栓连接。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的风力涡轮机，其特征在于：所述发电机(3为永磁发电机。
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CN101952587B (zh) 2013-12-18
ES2322012B1 (es) 2010-03-11
WO2009056664A1 (es) 2009-05-07
US8436486B2 (en) 2013-05-07
US20100314882A1 (en) 2010-12-16
ES2322012A1 (es) 2009-06-15

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