CN101878339B - Method for compacting a ballast bed and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for compacting a ballast bed (1), in the upper region of which crossties (3) with rails (4) attached thereon are provided, wherein hollow spaces in the ballast structure (10) of the ballast bed are filled with a foamed material (11) made of a reactive mixture. In order to prevent the occurrence of insufficient heights of foamed material in the load transfer region (13) and also an overflow of foamed material over the crossties and rails, the method according to the invention provides that reactive mixture (8) is added to the ballast structure in such an amount that at least in the load transfer regions (13) a filling of the ballast structure with foamed material (11) is achieved that extends from the surface (2) of the earth to the bottom of the crossties (3), and that the foamed material (11) that expands during foaming is spatially limited in that, before concluding the foaming process, a cover (12) is arranged on or over the ballast bed (1). The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Description

The method and the device that is used to carry out the method that are used for the compacting railway roadbed

The present invention relates to a kind of method of compacting railway roadbed; In the upper area of railway roadbed, be provided with sleeper and the rail of fixing on it; Wherein, Ballast bed below sleeper have load and eliminate the zone; Load is eliminated the zone and is born the load that affacts on the rail; And these Dai He are delivered to the ground that is positioned at below ballast bed, use the foamed material that forms by the reaction compound cavity in the ballast bed rubble frame of filling that bubbles in the method.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of device that is used to carry out the method.

Traditional railway mainly is so-calledly groundly ballast bedly to constitute by being arranged on.The sleeper that constitutes by timber, concrete or steel be embedded in ballast bed in, and rail is fixed on the sleeper.

Yet a big problem of this tested technology is to ballast bed wearing and tearing through the operation of going.So-called in this case wearing and tearing are interpreted as making crushed stone grinding gradually through huge dynamic level and vertical rail force.This grinding mainly is because such reasons occurs, and promptly these crushed stone are understood self rotation and mobile each other, wherein, through the extreme pressure that occurs during this period particle fragmentation from crushed stone are come out.

Ballast bed this wearing and tearing finally cause the injustice of track deflection and railway.These problems must be through bothersome could eliminating with the expensive maintenance measures of cost.Wherein, this repairing is through filling up crushed stone below the track, and the crushed stone of filling up is tamped completion again.

Different inventors was engaged in this total problem.For example DE 20 63 727 A1 disclose a kind of method.Fully or partly some single stones of rubble frame are glued together through adhesive in the method; Its way is to fill the single cavity between the crushed stone with a kind of adhesive, and in large area with these stones (seeing the 3rd page of the 11st to 14 row) bonded to each other.Prevent the rotation of rubble and mobile each other through this measure.

In same document, also describe: " ...; partly or wholly up to ground tamp the cavity in the zone below the sleeper supporting " (the 4th page of the 9th row is capable to 12); So that not only overcome level by this way, and overcome vertical rail force and strengthen the stability of rubble frame.In same document DE 20 63 727 A1, also so describe: " this synthetic materials advantageously can be a kind of synthetic resin of two compositions; this resin hardens when forming foam; like this, at the cavity between the complete filling stone under the situation of the synthetic materials amount of minimum " (the 6th page of the 17th row is capable to 21).

Other document of being engaged in the cavity of foam filled rubble frame also has EP 1 619 305 A2, DE24 48 978 A1, and US 3 942 448.

But not having which piece of writing in these documents is to be engaged in the following problem that in practical application, occurs:

-these crushed stone not only have the different geometric shape, and have different particle sizes at when filling with substance again and again.This causes the tangible difference of the cavity volume in the rubble frame in discharging repeatedly.

-in addition, the distance between rail grid and the ground is not to be of a size everywhere, because ground is not fully smooth at all times.This also causes the very big difference of treating foam filled cavity volume in the rubble frame.

The consequence that these cavity changes are produced in the rubble frame has been shown in Fig. 1:

-in the left area shown in the sketch, compare actual cavity volume with the reaction compound of being thrown in too little, because the ballast bed height H that actual ballast bed aspect ratio is estimated is little.This causes the sleeper on the left side and the foaming of orbital region on the left side to be overflowed, and causes and must pass through the loss that very bothersome removal could be eliminated.

-for example compare actual cavity volume with the reaction compound of being thrown in the zone, the right of sketch too big, because actual ballast bed aspect ratio estimate that ballast bed height H will be greatly.This causes foam pile (Schaumschlot) too low, and it does not just reach sleeper at all.This is a possible consequence grave error.Because at foam excessive be can see the time, so if very difficultly just can eliminate, but too low foam pile can't see, therefore fatal only not because the load that does not so just reach between rail grid and ground is eliminated the desired stable of awl.

For the centre of comparing between two undesirable foam pile shows a correct foam pile.This foam pile from ground extend always arrive sleeper below the zone, and realize the impeccable stable of rubble zone.

Following measure can be eliminated said defective:

Too low foam pile must be corrected through throwing in other reaction compound.Need at first accurately to be determined at the foam height that is reached in the original bubbling process for this reason,, see that totally this is a repairing activity of taking a lot of trouble especially so that can that is to say by other reaction compound of regulation ground filling through suitable measuring method.

For the infringement of the excessive foam of eliminating sleeper and track has various way.One of them way is mechanically to remove it like jargon said " miner's formula ground

" with proper tools when foam hardens.

Wherein also it is contemplated that not the foam that just removes sclerosis at this with hand, and even mechanically remove it with a kind of profile Milling Machine, and by the residual thing of shredder (Schreddern) recycle foam.

A kind of in addition way is flame cleaning targetedly, yet this will be a prerequisite with a kind of so-called foaming system of going out certainly.

When foam is also unhardened, just also be in the newborn process, that is to say yet to be in and can consider to adopt following countermeasure in the uphill process:

-adopt air blast targetedly to destroy the foam that from ballast bed, comes out, perhaps

-with a kind of liquid that destroys foam, the foam that for example grease-contained emulsion injection is come out from ballast bed, perhaps

-through a kind of suitable scraper plate, perhaps pass through the brush of rotation, the foam that perhaps from ballast bed, comes out through the dispersion of rag sheet and the leveling of replacing.

But above-mentioned all these measures are not only bothersome, and uneconomical.And these measures are also inapplicable especially.The major defect of these measures is that they only are some ancillary methods after all, and these measures can only be eliminated infringement or the defective that has occurred.

Therefore task of the present invention is method and a kind of device that a kind of this paper of design starts said type.Wherein described defective can not occur, promptly foam overflows sleeper and track, and perhaps foam pile is too low.

This task is accomplished through a kind of method and apparatus aspect method.Be characterised in that according to the method for the invention, so many reaction compound is rendered in the rubble frame, promptly all filling the rubble frame from the earth's surface up to the downside of sleeper in the load elimination zone at least with foamed material; And the foamed material to when spuming, expanding spatially limits, its way be before the process that spumes finishes on ballast bed or above ballast bed, a lid is set.

Adopt to satisfy fully according to the method for the invention describedly when offering the challenge to be used for a kind of Reaction Synthesis Materials, for example with the bubble principle of the cavity in the ballast bed rubble frame of filling of polyurethane.

Adopt and no longer occur too low foamed material heap according to the method for the invention in principle; Because there are enough reaction compounds to put in the rubble frame, even in order that when cavity volume that should be foam-filled-it is arranged in the maximum region of tolerance range-also can guarantee with Reaction Synthesis Materials complete filling rubble frame foamy.The tolerance range of the cavity volume of filling of should bubbling has in this respect been stipulated from the zone of the possible cavity volume of filling up to should bubbling of maximum possible of minimum.This is main relevant with the geometry and the ballast bed height of packing density, foam pile.Wherein, all these parameters all have certain tolerance, and finally its summation plays conclusive effect for the width of the tolerance range of the cavity volume of the filling of should bubbling.What should be mentioned that thus is that the tolerance range of the cavity volume of the filling of should bubbling must be rule of thumb to obtain through suitable test.This only takes place once in the preparatory stage usually, needn't always repeat.Now the tolerance of the cavity volume of filling of should bubble in maximum region is exactly to throw in the cavity volume of the rule of thumb resulting maximum possible of the rubble frame in the zone at position.Certainly should consider the knowledge of relevant ballast bed altitude curve aspect in this case together, be not inessential many foams to drop into, because this can cause the unnecessary cost of raw material.Where necessary by suitable measuring instrument, for example as far as possible accurately to measure the local ballast bed height that drops into the position respectively also be favourable to earth radar (ground radar).The tolerance range of the cavity volume that making like this to bubble fills keeps narrow as far as possible.

Also no longer include and foam to occur and overflow sleeper and track, because the foam that rises is in the restriction of vertical direction by lid.Lid must cover the ballast bed whole upper side that exposes for this reason.But as if being favourable for the foam of restriction rise reliably then with covering ballast bed such surface, promptly preferably at least 300 millimeter scope on extend at perhaps throw in line from the input point of reaction compound 200 millimeters at least on this surface.

An additional advantage is provided according to the method for the invention, and promptly its is can foam excessive for Reaction Synthesis Materials-when not covering, and it is a rubbish-can be displaced in the adjacent ballast bed place to the side after removing.Certainly its prerequisite is that lid is enough wide.In other words, can utilize input Reaction Synthesis Materials best according to the method for the invention, and also therefore additional positive economic implications arranged.

If drop into some next-door neighbour sleeper, then this sleeper itself just forms the part of lid in a preferred form of implementation of this method.

Preferably a kind of like this lid; Be that this lid extends on the gauge of rail transverse to track with moving towards at least; And extending at least 200 millimeters the section respectively along track trend, and this section is from a release position of reaction compound or throws in line.

People's resting on the ground in this respect with the railway superstructure; What just be located at all crushed stone on the earth's surface of compacting totally is called gravel bed system, and people will have a crushed stone that contacts with each other that either large or small cavity is arranged between crushed stone structure is called the rubble frame.

For not run out from gravel bed system in the side, foam pile takes addition thereto in ballast bed side where necessary.Therefore also cover the descending zone of ballast bed side at one of this method favourable scheme middle cover.

Both comprise the ballast bed whole filled and process that to reinforce according to the method for the invention, also comprised partly filled and process.When whole filled and process is about all basically cavitys in the rubble frame of gravel bed system with foam-filled.

Yet in a preferable methods scheme, only eliminate regional cavity with the foam-filled load that is positioned at below the sleeper.Correspondingly people also only need only limit the tegillum at the top of the foam pile that rises towards sleeper with it.This scheme cost advantageous particularly is because the use of Reaction Synthesis Materials in this manner also has the corresponding cost of raw material to minimize.

The moment for lid being placed on ballast bed has two method schemes in principle.

People can at first throw in the reaction compound, and then put lid, perhaps at first put lid; And drop into the reaction compound through hole in the lid or slit; And use suitable closing element then, or use hand, or automatically close these holes or slit again.At first drop into the reaction compound, and the scheme of then putting lid saves trouble on application technology, particularly in the operating aspect of mixing head, because the placement position of reaction compound needn't so accurately move as alternative plan.And in alternative plan, must mixing head accurately be placed on the injection hole in the lid.In addition, in alternative plan, after having thrown in the reaction compound, yet must close these injection holes again.Yet the advantage of alternative plan is that time course is shorter.Because here bubbling process can directly carry out after the input of reacting compound finishes and closes injection hole.Therefore can use the higher raw material system of reactivity, these systems can make rise and firm time shorter.

In first scheme, have only basically in contrast when covering to be placed on ballast bed last time, just begin bubbling process.That is to say when the activation of raw material system and catalysis, must consider to place and cover required time.This way also has such result, and the firm time that promptly is used for Reaction Synthesis Materials is longer than alternative plan.Yet the way of this defective of compensation is also arranged, and its way is the quantity that correspondingly increases cap member.Only in the corresponding special scope of using, could determine that it is only using which scheme of these two method schemes.

The foam cutting edge of a knife or a sword arrives the downside of lid after bubbling process.Cover in order to make Reaction Synthesis Materials-this Reaction Synthesis Materials have high adhesion properties-do not cement in for combination with crushed stone according to application target; Another program regulation according to the method for the invention; Downside to lid applies and can spray, the release agent that perhaps can smear.Selectively also can with the diffusion barrier that for example constitutes by polyvinyl be placed into ballast bed on.

Another program is to cover downside itself with a kind of material separate voluntarily or another kind of anti-stick coating that for example is made up of polyvinyl.

Form of implementation about lid has two different basic schemes, exactly scheme be with lid directly be placed on ballast bed on, another program is that lid is set, thus it is at its lay down location and apart from the gravel bed system spaced surface.

Those lids that are placed on ballast bed should be flexible usually because ballast bed be not fully smooth usually at all times.They for example can be made up of a kind of pad or film of flexibility.Use pad or film successively, and basic apart from separated sleeper also be favourable evenly apart from the tolerance compensating aspect.Yet must consider this point, promptly foam pressure definitely can be 0.01 to 0.2 crust.In other words, through foam pressure be applied on pad or the film surface force must or through a kind of suitable increasing the weight of, perhaps offset through for example a kind of back-pressure that supports air cushion.Required counter-force preferably can provide through rail vehicle itself, and it is a part that is used to carry out corresponding device thereof according to the method for the invention.

And the lid that is provided with according to method scheme that substitutes and ballast bed surface lies on the contrary is suitably by rigidity, just resistant to bending material, for example thin plate formation.Therefore the lid of these rigidity just had certain weight originally.

Usually also can always be used for supporting but be used for carrying out employed according to the method for the invention rail vehicle, because it is positioned at the face of covering between hardening period at the reaction foam usually.

Also play a part like this in ballast bed surface and the spacing of lid between the downside, make the synthetic surfaces that occurs a sealing on ballast bed.The synthetic surfaces of this sealing can be protected ballast bed not contaminated, prevents rainwater in addition, also prevents the influence of frozen water content at last.

In another program according to the method for the invention, reacted constituent is transported at least one high-pressure mixing head quantitatively, and mixes there.Then the reaction mixing of this fluidised form is rendered on the surface of rubble frame with flowing freely.So regulate the reaction compound of fluidised form for this reason, promptly have only basically when the reaction compound through the rubble frame of flowing arrives the earth's surface that is positioned at below ballast bed, just to begin bubbling process.

This special ways and means includes a plurality of advantages.It compares with ejecting gun or spraycan described in document DE 20 63 727A1, EP 1 619 305 A2, DE 24 48 978 A1 and US 3 942 448-and it must use solvent after compound being rendered under the ballast bed surface; Perhaps it is washed-adopt high-pressure mixing head is impeccable on ecology to air-solvent-mixture; And also be favourable economically; Because raw material have no loss in this process; Wherein, said high-pressure mixing head is that compound is applied on the ballast bed surface with flowing freely, and then remaining compound is discharged from mixing chamber and passing away with saddle.

Another major advantage of the ways and means that this is special is to make the reaction compound flow to ground always.Here it is guarantees fully to fill from ground rubble frame regional below sleeper with Reaction Synthesis Materials, can not keep the gas bag that is harmful to so at least in the inside in load elimination zone.Loosening at these gas bag medium stone pieces, and therefore can not prevent to rotate and move and reach stable.

Through individually with catalyzer or activator or directly add in the mixing head; Or add in the quantitative flow of one of principal component; Perhaps add in the additional stream of one of them reacted constituent that reacts compound, can be close to the zero-time of at random regulating bubbling process.Conditioned reaction compound so preferably, promptly bubbling process begins with the hysteresis of 3 seconds to 30 seconds scope.

Therefore, when for example the ballast bed height on curve is higher, will the growing of the ballast bed height that the time must be lower significantly when initial.When after the compound input, covering when ballast bed, zero-time also must be longer, can lack when the reaction compound of throwing in fluidised form covers when ballast bed then zero-time before.

Finish in zero-time, perhaps can remove lid again in about 5 to 100 seconds in the beginning back of bubbling.In the higher foaming system of reactivity ratio after about 5 seconds to 20 seconds, in the very slow foaming system of reaction after about 80 to 100 seconds.

Because polyurethane-reacted constituent isocyanates and water react, thus no matter be that crushed stone or ground should be dry as far as possible, to guarantee finding no fault with of chemical reaction process.

If crushed stone equally had been dry as ground itself just before being placed into ground; And ought set up on the ground and no longer include moisture after ballast bed and can arrive ballast bed or ground;, then be favourable for example through firmly ballast bed with the tent top cover.Also it is contemplated that for this purpose and use light-duty movably rail railway carriage.This railway carriage mainly is made up of a chassis with suitable lid.Yet perfect condition is the back that the frothing machine direct current is arranged on a filling and tamps the loader (Stopfmaschine) of dry rubble.Can under a kind of dry state of regulation, fill ballast bed with foam according to plan in this manner.

Yet, for example be owing to economic reasons is disadvantageous, the operation of frothing machine and rubble loader is coordinated in logistics with suitable manner, be suitable to the ballast bed drying of replenishing usually.

In addition, in order to guarantee intact bubbling process, it is favourable before throwing in the reaction compound, crushed stone and ground being carried out that constant temperature handles.Foam-filled ballast bed optimum temperature for use is in about 30 ° to 35 ℃ scope.That is to say,, when temperature is in subzero scope, must heat, then tackle crushed stone during temperature in full summer and ground is cooled off crushed stone and ground in winter.Yet also it is contemplated that the foam-filled higher temperature of ballast bed ratio for use is used as so-called thermal activation and chemical activation, that is to say the ratio that correspondingly reduces activator or catalyzer.

In addition, above-mentioned task is accomplished by device of the present invention through a kind of.According to the inventive system comprises at least one rail car.This rail car is equipped with a sparger that is used for to the cavity filled and process of ballast bed rubble frame; Wherein, Foamed material is made up of the reaction compound of fluidised form; And wherein, the mixing arrangement of sparger with at least one composition that is used for the hybrid reaction compound is used for the flow state reactivity compound is rendered to the passing away of rubble frame with at least one.Be equipped with the foamed material that at least one is used for confined expansion spatially according at least one rail car according to the invention, and removable or transportable lid.In addition, this rail vehicle also has at least one lifting gear.This lifting gear before bubbling process finishes, said at least one lid is placed into ballast bed on or ballast bed above and after the bubbling process end, lid is moved away.

Saying in principle can be with all devices of sparger, said at least one lid, attaching troops to a unit is arranged on the unique rail vehicle in the lifting gear of lid and according to device of the present invention other optional equipments where necessary.Yet this depends on that enough large-sized space is arranged at the bottom of this rail vehicle.Can accomplish different functions through these spaces, handle, the input of reaction compound, the placement of lid and move away again like drying, constant temperature to the important area on ballast bed and ground.

More practicable is that some equipment according to device of the present invention are placed in two joints, perhaps or even three the joint rail vehicles on.These motor vehicles are combined into a part of electronics coupled foam train.For example on first rail vehicle, place the equipment that is used for drying and/or constant temperature processing, and the dosing device of sparger also has in addition at least one high-pressure mixing head to connect the same operating equipment that belongs to this together with affiliated storage container.On second rail vehicle subsequently, place said at least one then and be used for the placement of said at least one lid and the lifting gear of taking away, perhaps the possible bunching device that belongs to this that is used to cover when using a plurality of the lid.This way is applicable to such method scheme, in this kind method scheme, after throwing in the reaction compound, places lid.

For such method scheme, be before input reaction compound, to place lid in this scheme, on first rail vehicle, be useful on drying, and/or the equipment of constant temperature processing, and the lifting gear that is used to place lid.On second rail vehicle, have then dosing device together with storage container and said at least one high-pressure mixing head together with the operating means that belongs to it, and lifting gear that is used to take away lid.

Degree of difficulty according to hybrid task can be used as high-pressure mixing head with perhaps two saddles of a kind of single saddle or three saddle mixing heads.These compositions can change pressure into the energy of flow-be directed onto in the little mixing chamber through nozzle-these nozzles in high-pressure mixing head.These compositions are owing to their high kinetic energy is mixed with each other in this mixing chamber.The pressure of these compositions surpasses the absolute pressure of 25 crust when getting into nozzle in this case.Preferably in the scope of 30 to 300 crust.Usually, injection mechanically mixing chamber is cleaned after finishing by jumper bar.But also can use the mixing head that blows out with air in the method according to the invention.The major advantage of high-pressure mixing head is after each injection, to need not to use solvent just can carry out better cleaning to this mixing head.

Single saddle, two saddle perhaps also have three saddle mixing heads can be suitable as high-pressure mixing head.They all are self-cleaning.That is to say that whole mixing and discharge system mechanically are eliminated the reaction compound through saddle, no longer any bothersome the washing away and cleaning course of needs so with that in the mixing head of such structure types.

Be to use single saddle-, the person of two saddle-also is the degree of difficulty that the hybrid task that reacts compound is depended in the decision-making of three saddle mixing heads.In the raw material system that is easy to mix, use single saddle mixing head definitely enough, for example disclosed what is called " slot type mixing head " in PUR (polyurethane) industry.Preferably use two saddle mixing head, for example the MT-mixing heads of Fa.Hennecke for more difficult hybrid task.Raw material system for being difficult to mix should be used three saddle mixing heads, for example the MX-mixing head of Fa.Hennecke.In this senior hybrid system, control saddle, a throttling saddle that is used for choke zone and an independent saddle that is used for discharge area that is used for the mixing chamber zone is arranged.Use a kind of like this mixing head can not only carry out fabulous mixing, and be stratiform, and do not splash through the discharge of independent passing away compound.

Therefore preferably adopt such high-pressure mixing head, promptly it has an independent passing away, but and discharges through this passing away stratiform and nothing with splashing and to react compound.

Power transmission is connected with rail vehicle at a preferred form of implementation middle cover, and wherein, the gravity of rail vehicle is bigger than affacting the foam power that covers.This foam power can obtain from foam pressure and area.

By the accompanying drawing that a plurality of embodiment are shown the present invention is described in more details below.These accompanying drawings are:

Fig. 1: a section of the vertical longitudinal cross-section of railway superstructure (track superstructure), in order to explanation as according to the method for the invention based on task.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3: a section of the vertical longitudinal cross-section of railway superstructure (track superstructure), in order to explanation first embodiment according to the method for the invention.

Fig. 4: along the vertical cross-sectional view of the railway superstructure of the A-A line of cut of Fig. 3, wherein, ballast bed filled and process.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6: a section of the vertical longitudinal cross-section of railway superstructure, in order to explanation according to a second embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8: a section of the vertical longitudinal cross-section of railway superstructure, in order to explanation according to a third embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 9: according to be used in the method scheme shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 with Reaction Synthesis Materials give ballast bed rubble frame the cavity filled and process according to device of the present invention.

Figure 10: according to be used in the method scheme shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 with Reaction Synthesis Materials give ballast bed rubble frame the cavity filled and process according to another device of the present invention.

Fig. 1 illustrates the task on conduct basis according to the method for the invention.This illustrates ballast bed 1 on a uneven ground 2.Upper area ballast bed 1 is provided with sleeper 3.On sleeper, be fixed with rail segment 4.It is too little to compare actual cavity volume at the input reaction compound of left part zone neutralization of sketch, because ballast bed height is littler than the ballast bed H that is estimated significantly.This causes the foam of left side sleeper 3 and left side orbital region to overflow.In the zone, the right of sketch, compare actual cavity volume with input reaction compound too big, because actual ballast bed height is bigger than the ballast bed height H of estimating significantly.This causes foam pile too low.The basic sleeper 3 that does not just arrive the right of this too low foam pile, like this, the crushed stone that is positioned on the too low foam pile is just unstable.

Centre between these two unsuccessful foam pile illustrates a correct foam pile by comparison.The lower area of sleeper 3 in the middle of this foam pile extends to from ground always, and make this zero defect ground, rubble zone stablize.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate principle process according to the method for the invention.

Gravel bed system 1 be positioned at ground 2 above, wherein, in the upper area of rubble 1, be provided with sleeper 3.Rail 4 is fixed on the sleeper.In addition, Fig. 2 also shows a mixing head 5.This mixing head is a high-pressure mixing head preferably.Reacted constituent 6,7 is transported to this mixing head quantitatively, and mixes there.The reaction compound 8 of the fluidised form of discharging from mixing head 5 is applied on ballast bed 1 the surface 9 with flowing freely.This reaction compound passes rubble frame 10 ground and flows to ground 2 always.The flow state reactivity compound changes a kind of foamed material 11 into, preferably changes polyurethane foamed material (also seeing also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) into.Yet bubbling process is not after coming out from mixing head 5, to begin immediately, but free the hysteresis.For this reason, in reacted constituent 6,7, add a kind of appropriate catalyst or activator.Be through directly adding to catalyzer or activator in the mixing head 5 separately; Or add in the quantitative flow of one of them principal component of reaction compound 8, or add to and accomplish in the additional stream of one of them reacted constituent of a reaction compound.Preferably through adding so conditioned reaction compound of catalyzer or activator, i.e. foam process lag beginning in 3 seconds to 30 seconds.For example approximately after 15 seconds, can start bubbling process.

But also it is contemplated that and use some off-the-shelf formulas.According to these formulas with catalyzer or activator mix in a kind of principal component wherein, preferably be mixed in the polyol composition.

High-pressure mixing head 5 returns its zero position (not use location) immediately after having thrown in reaction compound 8; (not shown in the drawings this position), and a lid 12 is being placed directly on ballast bed 1 between the sleeper 3 by an operating means (also seeing also Fig. 9).This lid 12 is soft, so it can be uneven local suitable with the possibility on ballast bed surface.In order to offset the foam pressure that is approximately 0.01 crust that produces through the foam that rises, and, for example it is supported through an air cushion (not shown) in order to cover in 12 its positions that are fixed on reliably on ballast bed 1.This air cushion is arranged in the housing, and this housing is again to be kept by rail 4.At least cover 12 downside the anti-coating of clinging is arranged.

The starting time of bubbling process is adjusted to about 15 seconds; In order that can make reaction compound 8 flow to ground 2 on the one hand always; And on the other hand in order that chien shih high-pressure mixing head 5 moves on to its zero position (about 6 to 7 seconds) sometimes, in addition also in order that free the placement covered 12 (about 6 to 7 seconds).Except foam calculates 1 remaining second about 4 to the 5 seconds rise time from ground 2 to lid 12 at first once had been the deposit of a kind of time.Certainly the increase storage time along with knowhow can minimize.After the starting time finishes, perhaps begin to remove again back about 80 seconds and cover 12 in foaming.

In Fig. 3, can see, sleeper 3 is complemented at cover the use of 12 ground, so that spatially the foamed material 11 that when bubbling, expands is limited.

Fig. 4 sketch illustrates the sectional view of the A-A line of cut of Fig. 3.Be clear that from this figure ballast bed 1 is closed with lid 12 along the Z direction hermetically on its surface.Wherein, lid 12 has also covered the descending zone of ballast bed 1 side.Therefore unnecessary foam can only be in ballast bed inside along x and the skew of y direction.This is a kind of advantage, and it has been represented according to economy of the present invention.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 sketch illustrate a method scheme according to the method for the invention.Ballast bed 1 is positioned on the ground 2, and wherein, the upper area ballast bed 1 is provided with sleeper 3.Rail 4 is fixed on again on these sleepers.

In addition, Fig. 5 also shows two high-pressure mixing heads 5.Reacted constituent 6,7 is transported on these high-pressure mixing heads quantitatively, and mixes there.The reactant mixture 8 of the fluidised form of discharging simultaneously from two high-pressure mixing heads 5 is applied to ballast bed 1 upper side 9 with flowing freely in the both sides of sleeper 3.Reaction compound 8 passes rubble frame 10 ground and flows to ground 2 always, and forms foamed material 11 there through behind the certain hour.It passes rubble frame ground to ballast bed upper side 9 risings (also referring to Fig. 6), and wherein, the zero-time with bubbling process is adjusted to about 9 seconds in this embodiment.

After having thrown in compound, immediately two high-pressure mixing heads 5 are turned back to their zero position (do not give in the drawings and illustrating).Then in the both sides of sleeper 3 lid 12 of one two component type is placed on ballast bed 1 by an operating means.This two parts 12.1,12.2 of lid keep together through locator 12.3, and these locators stride across relevant sleeper, perhaps are supported on this sleeper.This lid moves towards ground transverse to rail and on the gauge of rail 4, extends substantially.Along the trend of rail, two parts 12.1,12.2 of lid 12 have about at least 200 millimeters width.Lid 12 has deadweight, and weight per unit area is approximately 0.012 kilograms per centimeter at least ², to offset the foam pressure of 0.01 crust that is produced through the foam 11 that rises.Lid 12 downsides at it have anti-stick coating, for example separating film.It prevents that foamed material 11 is bonded at and covers on 12.

Can also see that in Fig. 6 relevant sleeper 3 is complemented at and covers the use of 12 ground, so that spatially the foamed material 11 that when bubbling, expands is limited.

With Fig. 2,3 and Fig. 4 shown in the main distinction of method scheme only be to eliminate the cavity of the inner rubble frame 10 in zone 13 and fill with foam to being arranged in load below the sleeper 3.

In this manner; In addition as Fig. 2,3 with the instance shown in 4 under the identical in other respects framework condition; That is to say identical in other respects ballast bed height; When identical unit cavity volume was arranged between crushed stone, the injected volume of the compound of Reaction Synthesis Materials can reduce about 30%.

The zero-time of reacting compound in this embodiment is approximately 9 seconds.This is than in Fig. 2,3 and 4 embodiment short 6 seconds; Because the compound amount has lacked 30% on the one hand; And therefore to make reaction compound 8 flow to always the required time of ground also few (about 4 to 5 seconds); And be used on the other hand place 12 the time of covering also short (about 3 to 4 seconds) want much simple because cover 12 operation according to Fig. 6.

Because the starting time can be shorter in this embodiment, and the reactivity of foaming system can be higher, therefore also can reduce the firm time of Reaction Synthesis Materials.After the starting time finishes, perhaps begin just can remove again in back about 60 seconds and cover 12 like this at foam.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 sketch show another method scheme according to the method for the invention.As Fig. 2,3 with 4 and Fig. 5 the same with Fig. 6, Fig. 7 with 8 in identical Reference numeral also separately represent the parts of same type.With Fig. 2,3 with 4 or Fig. 5 compare with Fig. 6, two other method scheme has been shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.

First scheme is before the reaction compound is thrown in, just will cover 12 to be placed on ballast bed 1 and (to ask for an interview Fig. 7); And reaction compound 8 is to throw in through a hole 14 of cover in 12 with flowing freely, and this hole 14 (the asking for an interview Fig. 8) of and then closing with an automatic closing element 15 of operating again.Under the identical situation of other parameter, can shorten about 5 to 6 seconds of starting time with comparing with the ways and means shown in Fig. 4 in this manner, that is to say to have shortened and place the required time of lid at Fig. 2,3.

Because this ways and means can make foaming system have higher reactivity, so also can reduce the firm time of Reaction Synthesis Materials significantly.Therefore can after about 40 seconds, take off again and cover 12.

In second scheme shown in Fig. 7 and 8 is that to cover 12 be not to be placed on ballast bed 1, but has spacing ground to place with ballast bed 1 upper side 9.Distance between the downside of lid 12 and ballast bed 1 the upper side 9 can be in 0.5 centimetre to 10 centimetres scope, preferably in 0.8 centimetre to 8 centimetres scope.Wherein particularly preferably this distance in 1 centimetre to 5 centimetres scope.This is possible, because for example on the outside of lid 12 resistant to bending plate body, holding element 12.4 is set.To cover 12 with holding element hangs on the sleeper 3.This way has following advantage, the synthetic surfaces 11.1 of a sealing promptly on ballast bed 1, occurs.It is ballast bed 1 that this synthetic surfaces is protected, and prevents any pollution, also prevents rainwater, the influence of the aqueous vapor that also prevents at last to freeze.Consider the basic tolerance of spacing uniformly between the sleeper of lining up string 3; It is the size of so confirming to cover 12 plate body; Be that this plate body can be with less than 40 millimeters; Preferably, particularly preferably be placed between two adjacent sleepers 3 less than 20 mm clearance less than 30 millimeters.Lid 12 according to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 also has an anti-stick coating at its downside, separating film for example, and its stops foamed material 11 to be bonded to cover.

Fig. 9 sketch exemplarily shows one and is used for Reaction Synthesis Materials, for example the cavity in the rubble frame 10 of polyurethane foam filled ballast bed 1 according to device of the present invention.Be positioned on the ground 2 for one ballast bed 1.In ballast bed upper area, be provided with sleeper 3.Rail 4 is fixed on these sleepers.The foam train is arranged on rail.This foam fire truck is made up of two rail vehicles 17.1,17.2.They are by central computer 18 electronics coupled.On first rail vehicle 17.1, except the drive unit 19 that is used for this rail vehicle 17.1, also being provided with one is used for about 35 ℃ equipment 20 is handled on ground 2 and crushed stone 21 constant temperature.This equipment 20 is used for when external temperature is low except one, for example comprises also preferably outside heating ballast bed 1 heater (not being shown specifically) winter that is used to cool off a cooling unit (also not being shown specifically) of ballast bed 1 during when outside high temperature.

These crushed stone 21 provide with dry state in this instance, and render on the pre-dried ground 2 through an individual working train (not shown in FIG.).Then with a mobile tent top 22 be placed into dry at present ballast bed 1 and dry ground 2 on, like this, be ballast bed 1 or ground 2 all is protected, make it not receive the influence of weather.

When ballast bed 1 when moist on first rail vehicle 17.1, perhaps on the 3rd rail vehicle (not shown) of first rail vehicle 17.1 front, have at least one to be used for dry ballast bed 1 and the heater on ground 2.

In addition; On first rail vehicle 17.1, also be provided with and have the affiliated reservoir vessel that is used for polyol, carbimide and catalyzer and the dosing device 23 of hydraulic pressure connecting line (not shown), be provided with the high-pressure mixing head 5 of the mixing head-operating equipment 24 under having in addition.

Render to ballast bed 1 reaction compound 8 about 15 seconds starting time is arranged; So that there is time enough to let the reaction compound flow to ground 2 on the one hand always; Perhaps to make high-pressure mixing head 5 move on to its zero position, and to cover 12 in order throwing at compound can also place after back and high-pressure mixing head leave on the other hand.

On second rail vehicle 17.2, except the drive unit 19 that is used for this rail vehicle, also be provided with a bunching device 25 that is used for a plurality of lids 12, and each one is used for lid 12 is placed on ballast bed 1 and is used to take off covering 12 operating equipment (lifting gear) 26,27.Set a sensor (not shown) for this bunching device 25, this sensor detects the existence of the regional middle cover of bunching device.

Lid 12 is placed on ballast bed 1 between the sleeper 3.These are stamped deadweight, so that can so offset the foam pressure that is approximately 0.01 crust.

All devices or install 19,20,23,24,5,25,26,27 and be connected with central computer 18 through pulse transmission line so just can carry out full automatic operation.

Perhaps foaming beginning back can be taken away reacting the lid of placing behind the compound 12 in input about 75 seconds again after the starting time finishes, and intermediate storage is on bunching device 25.

Figure 10 shows according to the Reaction Synthesis Materials that is used for of the present invention, for example gives another embodiment of the device of the cavity filled and process in ballast bed 1 the rubble frame with polyurethane.Being defined in the device shown in Figure 10 is to be used to carry out the method scheme shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.

In this case, this device also comprises two rail vehicles 17.1,17.2 of forming a foam train.They are by central computer 18 electronics coupled.On first rail vehicle 17.1, except the drive unit 19 that is used for this rail vehicle, also be provided with an equipment 20 that is used for crushed stone 21 and ground 2 constant temperature are handled about 30 to 35 ℃ process temperature.This equipment 20 is used to heat when external temperature is lower than desirable about 30 to 35 ℃ process temperature ballast bed 1 the heater and preferably also comprises a cooling unit (not shown) except one.When temperature is higher than desirable process temperature, cool off ballast bed 1 with this cooling unit where necessary.

Crushed stone 21 provides with dry status in this example, and renders on the pre-dried ground 2 through an individual working train (not shown), and tamps.And and with the tent top 22 of moving be placed into dry ballast bed 1 and dry ground 2 on, with protect ballast bed 1 with ground 2, prevent the influence of weather.

When ballast bed 1 when moist at first rail vehicle 17.1 or on the 3rd rail vehicle (not shown) of first rail vehicle, 17.1 fronts, a heater is set.Carry out drying to ballast bed 1 with ground 2 by this heater.

In addition, a stacking 25 of lid 12 is set also on first rail vehicle 17.1 more than one, and one is used on ballast bed 1, placing and covers 12 lifting gear 26.

Before the reaction compound of throwing in fluidised form 8, will cover 12 is placed on above ballast bed 1.These lids are respectively that the plate body by a kind of bending resistance constitutes, and the size of this plate body is to confirm that so promptly it can be to be placed between two adjacent sleepers 3 less than 20 mm clearance.Each lid 12 sets some holding elements 12.4.These holding elements extend laterally with respect to vertical side of their plate body.Use these holding elements 12.4 to be placed on two adjacent sleepers with covering 12 accordingly.Like this, the downside of their plate body has just had spacing with respect to ballast bed 1 upper surface 9.In addition, lid 12 also has through hole 14 and that the reaction compound that is used for fluidised form imports to the rubble frame with passing and attaches troops to a unit in the closing element 15 of through hole.This closing element 15 preferably is integrated in and covers in 12, and by lifting gear 26, and/or takes over by a discharging on the mixing head 5 of foam device and to operate, and the through hole 14 that will cover like this in 12 is opened and closed again.

Second rail vehicle 17.2 is provided with the proportioner 23 with conduit (not shown) that the affiliated storage container that is used for polyol, isocyanates and catalyzer is connected with hydraulic pressure, is provided with the high-pressure mixing head 5 of a mixing head-operating equipment 24 under having in addition.

On this external second rail vehicle 17.2 lifting gear 27 is set also.The lid 12 that this lifting gear will be placed on ballast bed 1 after bubbling process finishes receives again, and is leaving on this rail vehicle on the bunching device 25 '.Preferably these two rail vehicles 17.1,17.2 assemble another transport (not shown), for example conveyer belt, roller-way or slideways.It is carried or is directed on the bunching device 25 of first rail vehicle 17.1 from second rail vehicle 17.2 with the lid 12 that lifting gear 27 receives.

In addition, can also have the sensor (not shown) that one or more is used to detect the placement position of the reaction compound 8 that is used for fluidised form that on ballast bed 1, is provided with according to another favourable scheme of the present invention foam device shown in the sketch in Fig. 9 and Figure 10.

Be that according to another favourable scheme of device of the present invention rail vehicle 17.1 is equipped with the geophysical survey appearance (not shown) that at least one is used to obtain ballast bed 1 local height on the input position of reaction compound 8; Wherein, computer or central computer 18 are regulated the amount of the reaction compound 8 that should throw in according to resulting ballast bed height.

The all devices of this device all is connected with central computer 18 through pulse transmission line.This central computer is automatically being controlled these equipment.

Enforcement of the present invention is not limited to some above-mentioned embodiment.But other scheme can be arranged.Even these schemes are different with said scheme, but can use invention illustrated in appending claims.

Claims (15)

1. the method that is used for compacting railway roadbed (1); Be provided with sleeper (3) and be fixed on the rail (4) on the sleeper at ballast bed upper area; Wherein, ballast bed below sleeper (3) have load and eliminate zone (13), and load is eliminated the zone and born the load that affacts on the rail; And with this loading transfer to the ground that is positioned at below ballast bed; Wherein use the foamed material (11) that forms by reaction compound (8) to fill the cavity in the rubble frame of ballast bed (1), it is characterized in that, the amount of reactant mixture (8) is rendered in the rubble frame; Thereby eliminate in the zone (13) in load at least, fill rubble frame (10) up to the downside of sleeper (3) with foamed material (11) from the earth's surface (2); And the foamed material (11) that expands during to foaming spatially limits, and its way is before bubbling process finishes, to go up or above ballast bed (1), be provided with lid (12) in ballast bed (1).

2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that with covering the face that (12) cover ballast bed (1), this face is extending in the scope of perhaps throwing in 200 millimeters on line from the release position of reaction compound (8) at least.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that,, also use sleeper (3) as replenishing of said lid (12) in order spatially the foamed material (11) that when spuming, expands to be limited.

4. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, at first will react compound (8) and render in the rubble frame (10), will cover (12) then and be placed into ballast bed (1) last or ballast bed (1) top.

5. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, between ballast bed (1) and lid (12), diffusion barrier is set.

6. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, begin to cover (12) back 5 to 100 seconds at bubbling process and take away from ballast bed (1).

7. according to the described method of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The regulation that obtains reacting compound (8) by at least one geophysical survey appearance is thrown in the local height of ballast bed (1) at place, place, and regulates the amount of the reaction compound (8) that should throw in according to the ballast bed height that obtains.

8. be used to carry out device according to each described method of claim 1 to 7; Comprise at least one rail vehicle (17.1,17.2); Said rail vehicle is equipped with the foam device of the cavity of the rubble frame (10) that is used for foaming filling ballast bed (1); Wherein, foamed material (11) is made up of the reaction compound (8) of fluidised form, and wherein; Foam device has the mixing arrangement (5) of at least one composition that is used for hybrid reaction compound (8); And have the discharge channel that at least one is used for the reaction compound (8) of fluidised form is rendered to rubble frame (10), it is characterized in that, said at least one rail vehicle (17.1,17.2) sets at least one lid (12) that can move or that can transport; Foamed material (11) in order to confined expansion spatially; And have at least one lifting gear (26,27), said lifting gear is placed into ballast bed (1) with said at least one lid (12) and goes up or ballast bed (1) top before bubbling process finishes, and after bubbling process finishes, removes said at least one lid (12).

9. according to the described device of claim 8, it is characterized in that power transmission is connected said at least one lid (12) with rail vehicle, wherein, the gravity of rail vehicle is greater than the foaming power that affacts on the lid (12).

10. according to claim 8 or 9 described devices, it is characterized in that said at least one lid (12) has anti-adhering coating at downside.

11., it is characterized in that said at least one lid (12) is made up of pad according to the described device of claim 8.

12., it is characterized in that said at least one lid (12) is made up of resistant to bending plate body according to the described device of claim 8.

13. the device of stating according to claim 12; It is characterized in that, design the size of said plate body, thereby said plate body can be to be placed between two adjacent sleepers less than 40 mm clearance between two adjacent sleepers; Wherein, This plate body is equipped with holding element (12.4), by holding element said plate body is placed on two adjacent sleepers (3), thereby the downside of said plate body with respect to the upper side (9) of ballast bed (1) separately.

14., it is characterized in that said foam device has at least one sensor according to the described device of claim 8, be used for detecting the input position that is arranged on reaction compound on ballast bed (1) and that be used for fluidised form (8).

15. according to the described device of claim 8; It is characterized in that; Rail vehicle (17.1,17.2) is equipped with at least one geophysical survey appearance; In order to obtain the local height of ballast bed (1) on the placement position of the regulation of reacting compound (8), wherein, the amount that computer (18) is regulated the reaction compound (8) that should throw in according to the ballast bed height that obtains.

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