CN101813448B - Special calculator used in the method for aligning and centering coupler of rotating machinery - Google Patents
Special calculator used in the method for aligning and centering coupler of rotating machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101813448B CN101813448B CN2010101185859A CN201010118585A CN101813448B CN 101813448 B CN101813448 B CN 101813448B CN 2010101185859 A CN2010101185859 A CN 2010101185859A CN 201010118585 A CN201010118585 A CN 201010118585A CN 101813448 B CN101813448 B CN 101813448B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for aligning and centering a coupler of rotating machinery and a special calculator thereof, and is applied to occasions needing alignment during arranging or maintaining the rotating machinery. By combining a dial gauge and a gauge frame, or during the use of a dial gauge type aligning and centering instrument, the aligning and centering work can be rapidly and accurately finished. Several necessary dimension parameters and the indication of the dial gauge are only needed to be measured; the patterned working process is selected according to an internal procedure; and an aligning and centering adjustment value is generated by calculating according to the internal procedure in the device, and the aligning and centering adjustment is performed. Therefore, the aligning and centering work can be conveniently and rapidly finished. The method for aligning and centering the coupler of the rotating machinery and the special calculator thereof have the advantages that: the aligning and centering work of the rotating machinery is performed without tedious calculation or graphical method, and particularly the aligning and centering process evaluated and repeatedly adjusted by experiences is not needed. Therefore, the method is simple, easy to master, time-saving and labor-saving, can lighten the labor intensity and has more visualized determined value. Compared with a laser alignment instrument, the method has the characteristics of wide applicability, low cost, and portability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotating machinery and install and rotating machinery checking maintenance technical field, specifically, be meant a kind of method and device thereof that is used for coupler of rotating machinery centering and centering.
Background technology
Rotating machinery is that most widely used plant equipment is gone up in industry.Many large rotating machineries, as: centrifugal pump, generator, compressor, steam turbine, rolling mill, rotary kiln etc. all are the key equipments of industrial enterprise.In rotating machinery fault, axle is that fault 60% comes from rotor misalignment, and the various forms of misaligning see attached list 1:
The various form tables that misalign of table 1
This rotor-bearing-the condition of misalignment of shaft coupling system in actual engineering is very general.Because the existence of rotor misalignment causes vibration and noise in the rotating machinery operation process, causes shaft coupling deflection simultaneously; On shaft coupling, cause very big stress; Cause diaphragm ring distortion cracking, the loosening fracture of fastening bolt, and seriously influence the operate as normal that axle, bearing and axle are gone up other parts; Make bearing wear, oil film unstability, seal leakage and rotating shaft deflection deformation etc. be unfavorable for the dynamic effect of rotating machinery operation, even cause vibration or the damage etc. on entire machine and basis.Therefore, mover is answered the concentric of strictness with the rotation center of two axles that shaft coupling was connected of driven machine, when rotating machinery is installed, must accurately carry out centering, the centering work of shaft coupling.The centering of coupler of rotating machinery, centering work to call centering in the following text, are one of links very important in rotating machinery installation and the maintenance process.
The purpose of centering is when rotating machinery is worked, and makes mover and driven machine, or two shaft centre lines of title main drive shaft and driven shaft are on same straight line.Through measurement and calculating, the analysis deviation situation, adjustment initiatively arbor center was both concentric with driven arbor, parallel again to reach the active arbor.Whether the accuracy relation of centering can run well to machine, and the machine that runs up is even more important.Through measurement and calculating, the analysis deviation situation, adjustment initiatively arbor center was both concentric with driven shaft, parallel again to reach main drive shaft.But the centering of diaxon absolutely accurate is unapproachable, and the machine of continuous running is required to remain accurately just difficulty more of centering.The displacement that the deflection of the differential thermal expansion of each parts, axle, the uneven wear of bearing, machine produce and the uneven subsidence on basis etc. all are to cause the reason that is difficult for retainer shaft centering.Therefore, the regulation diaxon misaligns and allows a deviate when planing machine, and this also is needed when shaft coupling is installed, and centering work just will misalign the course of work and the method for extent control in above-mentioned permissible variation value.
Existing aligning method has three kinds: 1) iron wire winding shaft joint method and knife-edge chi add the clearance gauge method, and these two kinds of methods are applicable to the uncomplicated occasion of the slow-speed of revolution, simple device and site environment of resilient connection, and degree of accuracy is low.Eliminate because of improving constantly day by day of Equipment Management in Enterprise and maintenance requirement, these two kinds of methods are out of use at present basically.2) dial gauge method; Utilize dial gauge and dial framework or fixed mount; Or collection adorned dial gauge and dial framework to wheel alignment instrument, axiality measuring apparatus, concentricity measuring instrument, this kind method is divided into again that single table, two table, three are shown, four kinds of methods of multilist, is applicable to different occasions separately.The dial gauge method is applicable to the slewing that rotating speed is higher, accuracy requirement is high; The method is lower to the requirement of centering instrument apparatus, and is with low cost; Low to environmental requirement, adaptability is better.At present, this kind method is the most commonly used.Its shortcoming is: the technician is had relatively high expectations, need certain experience; Grasp in the absence of computing method, the often time-consuming manpower that takes of rule of thumb is not easy disposable carrying out, and needs centering repeatedly usually, resumes production at once if run into machinery requirement, and is more passive; Though through measurement and the calculating based on the triangle geometrical principle, can accomplish centering work comparatively quickly and accurately, the computing formula of list table, two table, three tables, four kinds of methods of multilist is loaded down with trivial details and have nothing in common with each other difficult memory, grasp; Sometimes also need make special-purpose frame tool according to environment, operating mode.3) laser alignment instrument aligning method; The measuring principle of laser alignment instrument is similar with single table method principle of dial gauge; Substitute the both sides that dial gauge is separately fixed at shaft coupling through two Laser emission, receiving element in the laser method for centering, write down measured value on greater than 3 positions of 20 ° at any two intervals.Display unit calculates parallel deviation and angular deviation automatically.And, provide the adjusted value and the value of leveling up of the adjustable device forward foot in a step and the rear foot automatically based on basic triangle geometrical principle.Measuring process is simple, quick, can increase work efficiency greatly and degree of accuracy, and measurement result has nothing to do with the operator.Though laser centering method is advanced, also has shortcoming: at first, laser alignment instrument price is higher, though from the beginning more than 20 ten thousand drop to now 7～80,000, but still can't get into each basic unit of industrial enterprise comprehensively and use; Secondly, high rotating speed machinery is general to adopt sliding bearing, because the locator meams of sliding bearing and rotor; Make rotor and stator have end play; The laser alignment instrument can't be eliminated the influence of the rotor axial amount of scurrying angle deviate, at this moment, also must use the dial gauge method like three table or multilist method for centering; Also have; In the plant equipment that does not allow rotor rotation or special-shaped shaft coupling rotor has been installed, the centrifugal compressor of dry gas seals for example has been installed, rotor does not allow to rotate; The laser alignment instrument can't satisfy to be installed and the maintenance request for utilization, also will use dial gauge aligning method more flexibly this moment.
In sum, in two kinds of aligning methods commonly used at present, dial gauge aligning method cost is low, and applicability is wide, and computing method are difficult to grasp, and waste time and energy.Laser method for centering process is simple, quick, can increase work efficiency greatly and degree of accuracy, and method is advanced, but the laser alignment instrument costs an arm and a leg, and uses certain limitation is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the defective that exists in the prior art; A kind of method and special calculator thereof that is used for coupler of rotating machinery centering centering is provided; Described special calculator is the handheld device of special measurement and calculating; In conjunction with dial gauge and dial framework or traditional percentage tabular form wheel alignment instrument, axiality measuring apparatus, concentricity measuring instrument are used, accomplish centering work fast and accurately.
The present invention is through the integrated some external dimensions of measurement tape measure; Calculate error of centralization state through key input section input measurement data and dial gauge reading, internal compute unit and adjust data with alignment deviation state and each leg pad of numerical value, LCD screen output patternization, and being integrally formed design.
The error of centralization parameter that described special calculator is measured through the some external dimensions and the dial gauge of the tape measure of keyboard input; Calculate, provide centering adjustment numerical value; Its structure mainly is made up of key input section, liquid crystal display output, measurement tape measure, power switch part and housing, is provided with the internal circuit unit in described enclosure interior; Key input section is formed by comprising " 0 " numerical key, " negative sign " key, " radix point " key, " pattern/state " options button, " cancellation/backspace " key, " confirming " key to " 9 ", is used for man-machine interaction, selection centering pattern, input measurement numerical value, input dial gauge data; The liquid crystal display output is used for showing measuring imports data, dial gauge input data, centering state, deviation adjustment numerical value; Power supply and switch sections are made up of the battery compartment and the power switch of rechargeable battery.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention can solve in the work of coupler of rotating machinery centering, centering at present the most frequently usedly, adopts dial gauge and the dial framework method wastes time and energy, the not wield problem of computing formula.
(2) professional calculator provided by the invention makes the centering process simple, directly perceived, quick, can increase work efficiency greatly and accuracy, compares cheap with the laser alignment instrument.
(3) this special calculator about 1,000 yuan, only quite is suitable for the sixtieth of laser alignment instrument price with addition of a complete set of price of dial gauge and dial framework, and applicability wider, be easy to carry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that counter surface structure of the present invention is formed synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is an internal circuit cellular construction synoptic diagram in the counter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a centering centering method process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a liquid crystal display output synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 calculates dial gauge reading synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an adjustment pad principle schematic among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated.
The present invention provides a kind of method and special calculator thereof that is used for coupler of rotating machinery centering centering; Centering adjustment numerical value is calculated, provided to the error of centralization parameter that described special calculator is measured through the some external dimensions and the dial gauge of the tape measure of keyboard input.Described external dimension comprises: bearing and shaft coupling pitch, mover rear support and shaft coupling pitch, shaft coupling diameter before the mover; As shown in Figure 1; This counter mainly is made up of key input section 1, liquid crystal display output 2, measurement tape measure 3, power switch part 4 and housing 5, in described housing 5 set inside internal circuit unit 6 is arranged.
In the above-mentioned ingredient; Key input section 1 is made up of the numerical key 101 that comprises " 0 " to " 9 ", " negative sign " key 102, " radix point " key 103, " pattern/state " options button 104, " cancellation/backspace " key 105, " confirming " key 106, is used for man-machine interaction, selection centering pattern, input measurement numerical value, input dial gauge data; Liquid crystal display output 2 is used for showing measuring imports data, dial gauge input data, centering state, deviation adjustment numerical value; Internal circuit unit 6 mainly is made up of computing chip 601 (model is SAMSUNG S3C44BOX), ROM (read-only memory) 602 (ROM), RAS 603 (RAM), interface circuit 604, peripheral circuit 605; As shown in Figure 2, peripheral circuit 605 wherein is used for supply voltage conversion, charging control and power management; Interface circuit 604 is made up of LCD interface and data exchange interface, be used for driving liquid crystal, with outside pc machine terminal 7 swap datas; ROM (read-only memory) 602 (ROM) is used for binary data such as storage control and computations program, the figure picture of computing chip 601; RAS 603 (RAM) is used for storage keyboard input data, intermediate treatment data, is convenient to computing chip 601 and carries out data extract calculating; Computing chip 601 according to user's keyboard instruction control program flow process, extract the intermediate treatment data, carry out numerical evaluation and extract graphic presentation; Show through the display interface liquor charging crystal display in the interface circuit 604; Data such as the supplemental characteristic of input, net result can be as required; Send MX232 data exchange standard serial line interface and pc machine terminal 7 swap datas in the interface circuit 604; Computing chip 601 also will be monitored power supply status, charged state, and send interface circuit 604 to show; Above-mentioned computations program and figure image data are solidificated in the ROM (read-only memory) 602 (ROM) in advance; Computing chip 601 calculates centering state and deviation adjustment numerical value automatically and passes through interface in 2 displayings of liquid crystal display output through calling key in data, the intermediate treatment data in computations program and the RAS 603 (RAM); Power supply and switch sections 4 are made up of battery compartment and the power switch that can adorn 2 joint 5# rechargeable batteries.
It is as shown in Figure 3 to use the method flow that the above-mentioned special calculator that provides carries out centering centering, and concrete steps are following:
Step 1, at first turn on the power switch;
Step 4, select indicator to turn to, be divided into that axial table just changes clockwise, axially table counter-rotating counterclockwise, radially table just change clockwise, radially table four kinds of counter-rotatings counterclockwise, after the selection, by the entering of " confirming " key next step;
Whether step 8, selection continue adjustment height direction; Checking each dial gauge height direction 0 spends to the 180 degree amounts of deflection; Review result gets into next step as in the permissible variation scope, then pressing " confirming " key, otherwise selects to continue just direction of adjustment, is back to step 7; Import once more, calculate, adjust, until alignment deviation in the permissible variation scope;
Step 9, import each dial gauge horizontal direction 0 and spend, calculate the mover horizontal direction of generation by the patterned alignment deviation state of screen display behind " confirming " key and the present invention and adjust parameter to the 180 degree amounts of deflection;
Whether step 10, selection continue to adjust horizontal direction: after finishing by the parameter adjustment mover horizontal centring deviation that provides; Checking each dial gauge horizontal direction 0 spends to the 180 degree amounts of deflection; Then select to continue adjustment height direction if exceed the permissible variation scope, be back to step 9, import once more, calculate, be adjusted in the permissible variation scope; In the permissible variation scope, then press " confirming " key like review result, finish centering work.
Carrying out the concrete computation process of centering centering according to the method described above, is example with two table mensurations, describes, specific as follows: as shown in Figure 5, mover 8 belows are respectively arranged with leg pad 10, and the process of centering centering will be adjusted leg pad 10 exactly.Two indicator bracket tables 11,12 are arranged on vertical and horizontal both direction, according to the reading a1～a4 of vertical frame table 11 and the reading s 1～s4 of level frame table 12, calculate the adjustment amount of mover pad 10.Computing method are following:
If the position (please noting the sensing of measurement axis to the reading dial gauge) as shown in Figure 6 of point position A ', B ' and adjustment fulcrum A, B is a reference axis with the transverse axis, calculate with following formula:
H1＝L1＊(s1-s3)/D+(a1-a3)/2
H2＝(L1+L2)＊(s1-s3)/D+(a1-a3)/2
H1 in the formula, H2 are respectively the adjustment amount of fulcrum B and fulcrum A, and (on the occasion of the time subtract pad when being the cushioning negative value), mm;
S1, s3 and a1, a3 are respectively 0 ° and 180 ° of orientation and record axially and dial gauge reading radially, mm;
D is the calculated diameter (dial gauge contact, promptly measuring point is to the distance of shaft coupling central point) of shaft coupling, mm;
L1 for fulcrum A to the distance between shaft coupling 9 measurement planes, mm;
L2 is the distance between fulcrum A and the fulcrum B, mm;
S1 in the formula, s3, a1, a3 are the readings of surveying with dial gauge, should comprise sign substitution computing formula together.
(1) if H1, H2 be on the occasion of, then require to increase spacer thickness; If negative value then reduces spacer thickness.
(2) above-mentioned calculating for the vertical direction adjustment.Can use same principle if horizontal direction is calculated adjustment amount, just adjustment amount is the move left and right amount of fulcrum, and need not increase and decrease spacer thickness.
Claims (1)
1. special calculator that is used for the method for coupler of rotating machinery centering centering; It is characterized in that: the error of centralization parameter that described special calculator is measured through the some external dimensions and the dial gauge of the tape measure of keyboard input; Calculate, provide centering adjustment numerical value; Its structure mainly is made up of with switch sections and housing key input section, liquid crystal display output, measurement tape measure, power supply, is provided with the internal circuit unit in described enclosure interior; Key input section is formed by comprising " 0 " numerical key, " negative sign " key, " radix point " key, " pattern/state " options button, " cancellation/backspace " key, " confirming " key to " 9 ", is used for man-machine interaction, selection centering pattern, input measurement numerical value, input dial gauge data; The liquid crystal display output is used for showing measuring imports data, dial gauge input data, centering state, deviation adjustment numerical value; Power supply and switch sections are made up of the battery compartment and the power switch of rechargeable battery; Described internal circuit unit mainly is made up of computing chip, ROM (read-only memory), RAS, interface circuit and peripheral circuit, and peripheral circuit wherein is used for supply voltage conversion, charging control and power management; Interface circuit is made up of LCD interface and data exchange interface, be used for driving liquid crystal, with outside pc machine terminal switch data; ROM (read-only memory) is used for storage control and storage computation instruction repertorie, the figure image data of computing chip; RAS is used for storage keyboard input data, intermediate treatment data, is convenient to the computing chip and carries out data extract calculating; The computing chip according to user's keyboard instruction control program flow process, extract the intermediate treatment data, carry out numerical evaluation and extract graphic presentation; Show through the LCD interface liquor charging crystal display in the interface circuit; The data based needs of supplemental characteristic, net result of input; Send MX232 data exchange standard serial line interface and pc machine terminal switch data in the interface circuit, the computing chip also will be monitored power supply status, charged state, and send interface circuit to show;
Described computations program and figure image data are solidificated in the ROM (read-only memory) in advance; The computing chip calculates centering state and deviation adjustment numerical value automatically and also shows at the liquid crystal display output through interface through calling key in data, the intermediate treatment data in computations program and the RAS.
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| CN2010101185859A CN101813448B (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-03-05 | Special calculator used in the method for aligning and centering coupler of rotating machinery |
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| CN2010101185859A CN101813448B (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-03-05 | Special calculator used in the method for aligning and centering coupler of rotating machinery |
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| CN104567586B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-06-06 | 广东拓奇电力技术发展有限公司 | Shaft coupling center alignment device |
| CN105127735B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-09-12 | 四川电力建设二公司 | Shafting installation aligning method |
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| CN106897523B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-09-01 | 岳阳长炼机电工程技术有限公司 | Pump alignment method |
| CN107167058B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-06-23 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Workpiece checking fixture |
| CN110425956A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-11-08 | 上海宝钢工业技术服务有限公司 | Slewing center support system and its application method based on cell phone application |
| CN110487158B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-06-29 | 太原科技大学 | Coupler centering detection device |
| CN111571160A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-25 | 广州文冲船厂有限责任公司 | Centering method of side pushing device |
| CN111692942A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-22 | 河北邯峰发电有限责任公司 | Coupler alignment method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN112475827A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-12 | 沈阳鼓风机集团核电泵业有限公司 | Alignment installation method, device and equipment for coupler of transmission machine |
| CN112615491B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-03-18 | 福建福清核电有限公司 | Novel installation method of AXOFLEX type elastic damping coupler of nuclear power plant |
| CN113561258A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-29 | 江苏大亚印务有限公司 | Die cutting plate position correction method |
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| CN2607625Y (en) * | 2003-02-08 | 2004-03-24 | 信利电子有限公司 | Mathematical calculator for student |
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| CN1595061A (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2005-03-16 | 潘汉军 | Method for measuring and adjusting alignment error for coupling members of rotating shaft and instrument system therefor |
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