CN101733714A - Machining tool and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Machining tool and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101733714A CN101733714A CN200910263652A CN200910263652A CN101733714A CN 101733714 A CN101733714 A CN 101733714A CN 200910263652 A CN200910263652 A CN 200910263652A CN 200910263652 A CN200910263652 A CN 200910263652A CN 101733714 A CN101733714 A CN 101733714A
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- carbon nano
- grinding tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/02—Wheels in one piece
Abstract
The present invention discloses a machining tool comprising a nanometer structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and a grinding tool which comprises nanometer structures in abrasive particles and/or bonding agent. The supernormal mechanical performance of carbon nano-tube is used, and the carbon nano-tube is used as abrasive particle or machining element in the machining tool such as a grinding wheel. The cost of the carbon nano-tube is lower than that of the diamond. A novel machining tool is generated according to the method. The experiment and research result shows that the performance and effect of the novel machining tool are better. The excellent thermal conductivity of the carbon nano-tube is used, and the carbon nano-tubes are added into the bonding agent for machining the tool as filling or combination material. The carbon nano-tube has lower cost and better thermal conductivity compared with diamond. Thus the heat radiation performance in the operation of the machining tool can be increased and a better machining effect is obtained. A novel machining tool binding agent is generated according to the method. The experiment and research result shows that the performance and effect of the novel binding agent are better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machining tool and preparation method thereof, especially relate to machine tools and preparation method.
Background technology
CNT, be called as CNT in the text, owing to having unique mechanical performance and thermal conductivity, they are called a meaningful discovery (referring to [1], R.H.Baughman, A.A.Zakhidov, andW.A.D.Heer, 2002, " Carbon nanotubes-the route toward applications ", Science, Vol.297, pp.787-792; [2], H.J.Qi, K.B.K.Teo, K.K.S.Lau, M.C.Boyce, W.I.Milne, J.Robertson, and K.K.Gleason, 2003, " Determination of mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes andvertically aligned carbon nanotube forests using nanoindentation ", Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol.51, pp.2213-2237; [3], R.S.Ruoff, and D.C.Lorents, 1995, " Mechanical and thermalproperties of carbon nanotubes ", Carbon, Vol.33, No.7, pp.925-930; [4], C.Bower, R.Rosen, L.Jin, J.Han, and O.Zhou, 1999, " Deformationof carbon nanotubes in nanotube-polymer composites ", Applied PhysicsLetters, Vol.74, No.22, pp.3317-3319; [5], M.Fujii, X.Zhang, H.Xie, H.Ago, K.Takahashi, and T.Ikuta, 1995, " Measuring the thermalconductivity of a single carbon nanotube ", Physical Review Letters, No.065502, pp.1-4; [6], M.M.J.Treacy, T.W.Ebbesen, and J.M.Gibson, 1996, " Exceptionally high young ' s modulus observed for individualcarbon nanotubes ", Nature, Vol.381, pp.678-680).CNT mainly is divided into two classes.SWCN (SWNTs) is rolled by one deck graphite flake layer and forms a cylindrical tubular structure.Multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWNTs) which floor graphite flake layer is made of, and structure is similar to the annual ring (referring to [1]) of tree.
The mechanical performance of CNT
The CNT size is little, and experiment test is not easy (referring to [2]).Existing test result shows that the CNT performance is unconventional, and its density is lower, approximately 2g/cm3 has about 1000-10,000 draw ratio, high rigidity has the high elastic modulus greater than 1TPa, and high tensile is stretched intensity, the about 150GPa of tensile strength values, low corrosion susceptibility is (referring to [12] A.Peigney, 2003, " Tougher ceramics withnanotubes ", Nature Materials, Vol.2, pp.15-16).
Common adamantine hardness is that 56-102GPa is (referring to [19] I.D.Marinescu, W.B.Rowe, B.Dimitrov, and I.Inasaki, 2004, " Tribology of Abrasive MachiningProcesses ", William Andrew Publishing, NY).But adamantine price is very high.The hardness of CNT has been found with diamond similar (referring to [28] W.Guo, C.Z.Zhu, T.X.Yu, C.H.Woo, B.Zhang, and Y.T.Dai, 2004, " Formation of sp3 bondingin nanoindented carbon nanotubes and graphite ", Physical Review Letters, Vol.93,245502.).
The elastic modelling quantity of CNT can be measured (referring to [6]) by the vibration amplitude that heat causes with single nanotube.Effectively composite bending modulus is between 0.4-4.15TPa, and the mean value of 11 kinds of CNTs is 1.8TPa (referring to [6]).Another kind of measuring method is the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that scatters on smooth flat, pushes down (referring to [2] and [7], E.W.Wong, P.E.Sheehan with square washer then, and C.M.Lieber, 1997, " Nanobeam mechanics:elasticity; strength; and toughness ofnanorods and nanotubes ", Science, Vol.277, pp.1971-1975), draw this surface with AFM again, elastic modelling quantity is surveyed in the power and the distortion of measuring horizontal direction.The about 1.28+ of its value/-0.59TPa.
The heat-conductive characteristic of CNT
The thermal property of CNT is concerned by people equally, has a lot of important characteristics (referring to [3]).The reason that the thermal conductivity ratio of CNT is higher is thought when analyzing in theory because the sp on the CNT arm
2Phonon on the track has big mean free path (referring to [10], S.Berber, Y.K.Kwon, and D.Tomanek, 2000, " Unusually high thermal conductivity of carbonnanotubes ", Physical Review Letters, Vol.84, No.20, pp.4613-4616).The pyroconductivity mean value of SWCN is 2000W/mK, is up to 6000W/mK (referring to [11], J.Che, T.Cagin, and W.A.Goddard, 2000, " Thermal conductivity ofcarbon nanotubes ", Nanotechnology, Vol.11, pp.65-69).
SWCN has higher pyroconductivity compared with traditional good thermal conductor diamond etc. for example.Adamantine pyroconductivity is near 1600W/mK.
The pyroconductivity of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is lower, is 20W/mK with the self-heating method measured value.
The relation of pyroconductivity and CNT diameter has shown that the main cause that influences the pyroconductivity value is phonon and the electronics interaction in many walls.The number of plies of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes reduces, pyroconductivity rises (referring to [15], S.J.V.Frankland, A.Caglar, D.W.Brenner, and M.Griebel, 2002, " Molecular simulation of the influence of chemical cross-links on theshear strength of carbon nanotube-polymer interfaces ", J.Phys.Chem.B, Vol.106, pp.3046-3048).
CNT in the composite
CNT can be used as filler and be added to the performance of coming reinforcing material in the composite.This is because the strength character (referring to [3]) of CNT.
The composite study of CNT and resin material has a lot.An early stage transmission electron microscope (TEM) is discovered has the faint effect of interosculating (referring to [8] P.M.Ajayan between CNT and resin-based, O.Stephan, P.Redllch, and C.Collex, 1996, " Carbonnanotubes as removable templates for metal oxide nanocomposites andnanostructures ", Nature, Vol.375, pp.564-567).CNT played effect before the material fracture, because the plastic deformation (referring to [4]) that big pulling force has produced 30%-50%.May be because the defective on the topology for example produces pentagon under big pulling force and hexagon is right, the great change that has caused curved shape is (referring to [9] J.Han, M.P.Anantram, and R.L.Jaffe, 1998, " Observationand modeling of single-wall carbon nanotube bend junctions ", PhysicalReview, Vol.57, No.23, pp.14983-14989).
A composite that studies show that CNT with 5% content, because the good dispersion situation of CNT, and have maximum hot strength and Young's modulus (referring to [13] Y.K.Choi, K.Sugimoto, S.M.Song, Y.Gotoh, Y.Ohkoshi, and M.Endo, 2005, " Mechanical and physical properties of epoxy composites reinforced byvapor grown carbon nanofibers ", Carbon, Vol.43, pp.2199-2208).The carbon nano tube compound material of 5% content is a watershed in mechanical performance and grinding performance.Multi-walled carbon nano-tubes has huge surface area ratio, is approximately 1000m
2/ g or more than, this numerical value is higher than other fiberfill fibers.The effect of a middle interface is played on the surface of CNT in the stress conduction.
These characteristics also can cause aggtegation.The even degree of scatter of CNT has strengthened polymer properties.CNT can disperse with ultrasonic method, this method can reach better nanoscale dispersion effect (referring to [14], A.B.Sulong, J.Park, N.Lee, and J.Goak, 2006, " Wearbehavior of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcedepoxy matrix composites ", Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.40, No.21, pp.1947-1960; [15] and [16] Y.Wang, J.Wu, and F.Wei, 2003, " Atreatment method to give separated multi-walled carbon nanotubes withhigh purity, high crystallization and a large aspect ratio ", Carbon, Vol.41, pp.2939-2948).
Existing studies show that, CNT can add in composite and the metal, with respect to the same material that does not add CNT, the material pyroconductivity that adds CNT can improve (referring to [23] M.Fujii, X.Zhang, H.Xie, H.Ago, K.Takahashi, T.Ikuta, H.Ade and T.Shimizu, 2005, " Measuring the thermal conductivity of a single carbonnanotube ", Physical Review Letters, Vol.95,065502; [24], E.S.Choi, J.S.Brooks and D.L.Eaton, 2003, " Enhancement of thermal and electricalproperties of carbon nanotube polymer composites by magnetic fieldprocessing ", Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.94, pp.6034-6039; [25], M.J.Biercuk, M.C.Llaguno, M.Radosavljevic, J.K.Hyun and A.T.Johnson, 2002, " Carbon nanotube composites for thermal management ", AppliedPhysica Letters, Vol.80, pp.2767-2769; [26], A.Moisala, Q.Li, I.A.Kinloch and A.H.Windle, 2006, " Thermal and electrical conductivityof single-and multi-walled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites ", Composite Science and Technology, Vol.66, pp.1285-1288; [27], A.Yu, M.Itkis, E.Bekyarova and R.Haddon, 2006, " Effect of Single-walledcarbon nanotube purify on the thermal conductivity of carbonnanotube-based composites '; Applied Physics Letters, Vol.89,133102; [28], S.Arai, M.Endo, T.Sato and A.Koide, 2006, " Fabrication ofnickel multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films with excellentthermal conductivity by and electrodeposition technique '; Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol.9, pp.C131-C133).This discovery is very useful for Precision Machining, because in Precision Machining, high thermoconductivity always needs.Be feasible in Metal Substrate or ceramic base the inside adding CNT at present (referring to [20], E.Flahaut, A.Peigney, C.Laurent, C.Marliere, F.Chastel, and A.Rousset, 2000, " Carbon nanotube-metal-oxide nanocomposites:microstructure; electrical conductivity and mechanical properties ", Acta mater., Vol.48, pp.3803-3812[21], Z.Xia, L.Riester, W.A.Curtin, H.Li, B.W.Sheldon, J.Liang, B.Chang, J.M.Xu, 2004, " Direct observation oftoughening mechanisms in carbon nanotube ceramic matrix composites ", Acta Materialia, Vol.52, pp.931-944).
Machine tools is significant for the industry that much needs machine component, for grinding tool, it is very important (referring to [17], J.Webster using the higher material of hardness, and M.Tcicard, 2004, " Innovations in abrasive products for precision grinding ", CIRPAnnals, Vol.53, No.2, pp.597-617).
Have recently discover the method for utilizing self assembly make mesh carbon nanotube cover single-crystal diamond can strengthen diamond particles with the combination of metallic substrates (referring to [18], T.Suzuki, T.Mitsui, T.Fujino, M.Kato, Y.Satake, H.Saito, and S.Kobayashi, 2009, " Development of CNT coated diamond grains using self-assemblytechniques for improving electroplated diamond tools ", Key EngineeringMaterials, Vol.389-390, pp.72-76).CNT strengthens combination between diamond and the bond as cladding material.
But up to the present, also not having research is the element that is applied on the machining tool about carbon nano-structured, and also not have research is to be used as abrasive particle or to be used in as packing material in the bond of grinding about carbon nano-structured.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of tool good mechanical properties and heat-conductive characteristic and lower-cost machining tool and manufacture method thereof.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of have good mechanical properties and lower-cost grinding tool and manufacture method thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of machining tool comprises carbon nano-structured in this machining tool.
This described machining tool can be rotary machining tool, attrition process instrument, boring bar tool or Milling Process instrument, and the machining tool material is metal, pottery or organic material.Described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.The diameter of described CNT is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.Described CNT is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.Described CNT is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.Described CNT is the CNT of orderly carbon nanotubes arranged or lack of alignment.Described CNT is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.The mass content of described CNT in described machining tool is 0.3%-100%.Utilize carbon nano-structuredly, especially the excellent mechanical properties of CNT and good thermodynamic property are used in machine tools, can utilize high body of carbon nano-structured intensity or terminal the cutting, carry out machining.
The manufacture method of a kind of machining tool provided by the invention, it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of adding in the described machining tool.The carbon nano-structured of adding can be set directly in the machining tool, also is included in the step that described machining tool surface is provided with carbon nano-structured coating or paste layer.
A kind of grinding tool provided by the invention comprises abrasive particle and bond, wherein comprises carbon nano-structuredly in the abrasive particle, comprises carbon nano-structured in the described bond.
Another kind of grinding tool provided by the invention comprises abrasive particle and lapping liquid, wherein comprises carbon nano-structuredly in the abrasive particle, comprises carbon nano-structured in the described lapping liquid.
The preparation method of grinding tool provided by the invention is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the abrasive particle and adds carbon nano-structured step in bond.
The preparation method of another kind of grinding tool provided by the invention is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the abrasive particle and adds carbon nano-structured step in lapping liquid.
Described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.The diameter of described CNT is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.Described CNT is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.Described CNT is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.Described CNT is the CNT of orderly carbon nanotubes arranged or lack of alignment.Described CNT is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.The mass content of described CNT in described machining tool is 0.3%-100%.Utilize carbon nano-structuredly, especially the excellent mechanical properties of CNT and good thermodynamic property are used in machine tools, can utilize high body of carbon nano-structured intensity or terminal the cutting, carry out machining
CNT is used in the grinding tool (as emery wheel) as abrasive particle, utilizes the outstanding mechanical performance of CNT, compares with diamond simultaneously, and cost is lower.
Wish to use the heat-conductive characteristic of CNT simultaneously, CNT is blended in the bond of machining tool, can improve the heat-sinking capability of instrument.CNT can be added to and come accelerated heat to disperse in the machining tool to reduce processing temperature, can improve the processing characteristics of machining tool.
In above method, the good heat transfer property of CNT can be carried out utilization as pyroconductivity.
In this application, we add CNT in resin, and resin is a kind of material common in the grinding wheel bond.
Utilize the heat-conductive characteristic of CNT to add base material as filler, this method can be used in any metal, makes any machining tool or grinding tool in pottery or the organic material.The purpose of doing like this is to reach better processing result.Main process comprises rotation processing, and mill grinds processing, boring processing, Milling Process etc.
Utilize high body of intensity or terminal the cutting because operation principle is based on, other carbon nano-structured also can place of carbon nanotubes as abrasive particle.
Based on utilizing its capacity of heat transmission, other have the carbon nano-structured of good thermal conductivity and also can place of carbon nanotubes enter in machining tool or the grinding tool as packing material.
Other nanostructured comprises carbon nanocoils, carbon nano rod, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar and carbon nano-fiber.
CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nano rod, the hybrid combining of carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar and carbon nano-fiber also can utilize to be done to cut rapidoprint, can utilize its thermal conductivity to promote the heat in process to scatter.
In order to reach the effect of preferably utilizing its high strength and high heat conductance, any CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nano rod, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar and carbon nano-fiber can be utilized and be mixed other abrasive particles, for example natural diamond particle together, artificial diamond's stone granulate, the cubic boron particle, silicon-carbide particle, alumina particle etc.
Advantage of the present invention is: utilized the extraordinary mechanical performance of carbon nano-structured especially CNT and good capacity of heat transmission; it is used in machining tool; abrasive particle or packing material or bond use as machining tool or grinding tool; the instrument satisfactory mechanical property of making; heat-transfer effect is better, can significantly reduce its use cost simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a CNT transmission electron microscope imaging photo;
The grinding wheel structure schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 2 for using in the embodiment of the invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the external structure schematic diagram of the emery wheel that uses in the embodiment of the invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the roughness experimental result in 1 experiment 1 of the present invention's series;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the grinding zone photo in 1 experiment 2 of the present invention's series;
Accompanying drawing 6 is grinding rear region photo in 1 experiment 2 of the present invention's series;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the grinding of workpiece 3 in 1 experiment 3 of the present invention's series figure as a result;
Accompanying drawing 8 is the grinding of workpiece 4 in 1 experiment 3 of the present invention's series figure as a result;
Accompanying drawing 9 is the grinding schematic diagram of workpiece 5 in 1 experiment 3 of the present invention's series;
Accompanying drawing 10 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 3 in the grinding experiment series 2 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 11 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 4 in the grinding experiment series 2 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 12 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 5 in the grinding experiment series 2 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 13 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 6 in the grinding experiment series 3 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 14 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 7 in the grinding experiment series 3 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 15 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 8 in the grinding experiment series 3 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 16 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 9 in the grinding experiment series 4 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 17 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 10 in the grinding experiment series 4 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 18 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 11 in the grinding experiment series 4 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 19 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 12 in the grinding experiment series 5 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 20 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 13 in the grinding experiment series 5 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 21 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 14 in the grinding experiment series 5 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 22 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 15 in the grinding experiment series 5 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 23 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 16 in the grinding experiment series 5 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 24 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 17 in the grinding experiment series 6 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 25 is the grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece 18 in the grinding experiment series 6 of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 26 is grinding position and the result schematic diagram of workpiece PHA in the grinding experiment series 6 of the present invention.
1, emery wheel core, 2, external structure, 3, the CNT abrasive particle, 4, bonding agent layer.
The specific embodiment
A kind of machining tool of the present invention comprises carbon nano-structured in this machining tool.This machining tool can be rotary machining tool, attrition process instrument, boring bar tool or Milling Process instrument, and the material of machining tool is metal, pottery or organic material.
The manufacture method of a kind of machining tool that the present invention also provides, it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of adding in the described machining tool.The carbon nano-structured of adding can be set directly in the machining tool, also is included in the step that described machining tool surface is provided with carbon nano-structured coating or paste layer.
A kind of grinding tool provided by the invention comprises abrasive particle and bond, wherein comprises carbon nano-structuredly in the abrasive particle, comprises carbon nano-structured in the described bond.
Another kind of grinding tool provided by the invention comprises abrasive particle and lapping liquid, wherein comprises carbon nano-structuredly in the abrasive particle, comprises carbon nano-structured in the described lapping liquid.
The preparation method of grinding tool provided by the invention is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the abrasive particle and adds carbon nano-structured step in bond.
The preparation method of another kind of grinding tool provided by the invention is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the abrasive particle and adds carbon nano-structured step in lapping liquid.
Carbon nano-structured is CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.Consult Fig. 1, be CNT projection electron microscope image, the diameter of CNT wherein is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.Described CNT is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.Described CNT is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.Described CNT is the CNT of orderly carbon nanotubes arranged or lack of alignment.Described CNT is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.The content of described CNT in described machining tool is 0.3%-100%.
For better explanation beneficial effect of the present invention, made emery wheel in the present embodiment, consult Fig. 2, this emery wheel has an emery wheel core 1, and the external structure of being made up of CNT and bond one deck 2.Consult Fig. 3, this external structure 2 is by bonding agent layer 4 with attached to forming with outer CNT abrasive particle 3 in the bonding agent layer 4.
Our invention confirmatory experiment has 6 series.Wherein series 1 has three experiments, promptly tests 1, experiment 2 and test 3.Experiment relates to following details.
1) CNT is handled
Nonessential step: refer to the functionalization step, in our experiment, wherein a part contains the machining tool emery wheel of low content CNT not through this making step.
All content refers to the quality percentage amounts in the literary composition.
Select CNT as shown in table 1 for use
| Model | Diameter nm | Length | Effective content | Impurity | Ash content wt% | Thermal conductivity factor W/mK | Surface area ratio m 2/g |
| Many walls, SWCN | ??＜100 | ??500nm??-20μm | ??95-98％ | ??2％ | ??＜0.2 | Single wall＞wall more than 2000＜2000 | ??40-300 |
Nanotube form: if without this step, the existence of CNT is original.Reason is under low content CNT condition, and the gathering situation of CNT is not very serious.
The functionalization step: for the situation that prevents that CNT from assembling, the function of use step is handled CNT.Specific practice is to use oil bath as thermal source, is used for functionalization.
Sulfuric acid (98%) is mixed the back with nitric acid (70%) according to volume ratio at 3: 1 add the CNT heating.After controlling different temperature and heat time heating time, being cooled to room temperature, add NaOH and be neutralized to neutrality.
Listed in emery wheel that uses in the experimentalists and technicians 1 of the present invention such as the table 2
| The emery wheel numbering | Content of carbon nanotubes (wt%) | Parameter in the functionalization step | Diameter phi w??(mm) | The emery wheel thickness t w(mm) |
| |
??0wt％ | ??130 | ??10 | |
| |
??0.3 |
120 ℃ were heated 3 hours down | ??130 | ??10 |
| |
??1wt％ | ??175 | ??10 | |
| |
??1wt％ | ??175 | ??10 | |
| |
??0wt％ | ??175 | ??10 | |
| |
??1wt％ | 80 ℃ were heated 0.5 hour down | ??175 | ??10 |
| The emery wheel numbering | Content of carbon nanotubes (wt%) | Parameter in the functionalization step | Diameter phi w??(mm) | The emery wheel thickness t w(mm) |
| Emery wheel 8 | ??1wt％ | 80 ℃ were heated 0.5 hour down | ??175 | ??10 |
As shown in Table, the CNT in the emery wheel 2 was handled 3 hours down through 120 ℃, and CNT is to handle 0.5 hour down at 80 ℃ in emery wheel 7 and the emery wheel 8.
The CNT that uses in the emery wheel 2 separates with double-deck micro-pore-film filtration.Afterwards filter membrane is put into the vacuum drying oven drying and obtain CNT.In the heating process of oil bath, many CNTs are cut off, and run off from filter membrane.Time and temperature are extremely important for the functionalization degree of control CNT.
The CNT that uses in emery wheel 7 and the emery wheel 8 does not pass through the vacuum drying oven drying, and this is because physical dryness can cause the gathering caking of CNT.These two emery wheels are to obtain with organic method that acetone washes away excessive moisture.
2) CNT grinding tool
The CNT grinding tool: for a grinding tool, crucial component part is abrasive particle and bond.
The CNT abrasive particle: consult Fig. 3, we utilize and are exposed to outer CNT as abrasive particle.CNT has the high characteristics of hardness, and has nano level body or end can cut.The CNT abrasive particle is a kind of brand-new abrasive particle.
Bonding agent layer: we use CIBA GY251 epoxy resin (table 3) mixed curing agent CIBA HY956 (table 4) as bond.
Table 3 modifying bisphenol A epoxy resin
Table 4 curing agent parameter
Mixing condition is referring to table 5
Mixed process: CNT and bond mixed process are as follows.
Add CNT, add acetone again and prevent from volatilization and promote to disperse ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour;
Add resin, ultrasonic dispersion 2 hours;
Put on the heater and stir, reduce viscosity and make the acetone volatilization while heating; After acetone volatilizees fully, put into ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour again;
Put into the vacuum drying oven degassing 12 hours;
Add the curing agent moulding.
Curing agent is not limited to epoxy resin, can use metal, and pottery or other organic materials replace.Selection in the reality depends on the practical application of removing material.At present, metal, pottery or organic material can be used as the bond use.CNT may be combined in metal, in pottery and the organic material.
We utilize those not to be exposed to outer CNT as the filler in the bond.Purpose is to disperse heat quickly to guarantee the well processed environment.Another purpose is the mechanical performance that strengthens bond material.
SWCN and orderly carbon nanotubes arranged have heat-conductive characteristic better.
Unordered multi-walled carbon nano-tubes cost is lower, also is used for our experiment.Its performance can be said to be.
The CNT size: in our experiment, the diameter of CNT is not waited to 100nm by 10nm, and length variations is at 1 micron to 20 microns.
The vary in diameter scope of CNT gives the space of our more utilizations.For example, large diameter CNT can promote the material clearance, and long diameter can promote the abrasive particle crystallized ability.Therefore, use in order to have more widely, the diameter of CNT can be changed to 100nm from 1nm, and length can be by 500nm to 20 micron.
Content of carbon nanotubes: in our experiment, the content of CNT does not wait by 0.3% to 2%.More the CNT of high-load can improve working ability because its more exposure is used for cutting.Therefore, the content of CNT in theory can from 0.3% to 100%.
3) CNT emery wheel
The bonded-abrasive grinding tool: in order to experimentize on grinding machine, the CNT grinding tool is made as grinding wheel shape.
The CNT grinding tool also can be made into bonded-abrasive form instrument such as grinding band etc., so long as utilized CNT.This grinding tool is called as CNT grinding band.
Free abrasive particle grinding process: it is the abrasive particle of free grinding that carbon nanotube particulate can be used as, and for example grinds polishing, chemically mechanical polishing etc.
Abrasive coating or abrasive pastes: as long as utilized the carbon nanotube structure as machining tool, it is that grinding coating or paste layer are used as processing that carbon nanotube particulate can be used as.
The CNT emery wheel: in order to reduce the consumption of CNT and bond, we have used an emery wheel cored structure and external structure as processing grinding wheel.
The emery wheel core material: if can keep certain intensity at a certain temperature, the emery wheel core can use metal, pottery or organic material.
In our experiment, forming temperature is about 60-70 ℃.
4) experiment
In order to confirm the elaboration of CNT, we have carried out a series of experiment (serial 1-6).
5 workpiece have been used in the experiment altogether, referring to table 6.
The tabulation of table 6 workpiece
| The workpiece numbering | Material | Size (mm) | |
| ??1 | ??Al | ??25×25×20 | ??1 |
| ??2 | ??Al | ??130×30×5 | ??2 |
| ??3 | ??Al | ??95×18×5 | ??3 |
| ??4 | ??Al | ??95×18×5 | ??3 |
| ??5 | Resin | ??100×22×10 | ??3 |
Experiment 1: in series 1 experiment 1, use emery wheel 1 and emery wheel 2.Concrete grinding is regulated referring to table 7.
Table 7
| Emery wheel | Corrected parameter | Grinding |
| Emery wheel | ||
| 1 | ??n s＝2000rpm??d c=15 m diamond corrections | Workpiece 1:Al n s＝1000rpm?d c＝1□m，spark?2?times?u wn＝100□m?v w＝59mm/s?Q c＝80L/h |
| Emery wheel 2 (0.3wt%CNT) | ??n s＝2000rpm??d c＝15□m??Q c＝100L/h | Workpiece 1:Al n s＝1000rpm?d c＝1□m，spark?2?times?u wn＝160□m?v w＝59mm/s?Q c＝80L/h |
The bigger roughness that shows in the experimental result is because condition is not optimized in the limitation of grinding machine and the grinding process.
Experiment 2: in series 1 experiment 2,, process an aluminium workpiece, referring to table 8 with 5 kinds of CNT emery wheels.
The grinding condition of table 8 series 1 experiment 2
Experimental result is referring to accompanying drawing 5 and 6, shows the advantage of CNT emery wheel but result and inconsistent.This is because initial surface is more coarse, and this problem will solve in experiment 3.
The CNT abrasive particle is very tiny and only be fit to do the cutting output materials with smaller and remove.
Experiment 3: in series 1 experiment 3, used two aluminium workpiece and a resin workpiece.Equally also be by 5 different CNT emery wheel processing.Referring to table 9.
The grinding condition of table 9 series 1 experiment 3
For the CNT abrasive particle is played a role, and initial surface will be accomplished unified, change just can compare the cutting of trace like this.Common carborundum (SiC) emery wheel is used for grinding a relatively more consistent initial surface.Planarization step:
Set level workpiece as far as possible.
With silicon carbide grinding wheel mill surface, grinding depth is at the 10-20 micron, and the horizontal direction speed of table is per 2 millimeters each grinding process.The consistent whole work-piece surface that continues to of this process is ground to.
With feed velocity be 2 microns each, the horizontal direction speed of table be 2 millimeters each.Not feed 5 times back and forth.
Not feed is ground 10 times back and forth, and with 2 millimeters whole surfaces of each polishing of the horizontal speed of workbench.
Repeat the circulation of above step 5, not feed for the last time 20 times back and forth.
For series 1 experimental result of resin workpiece 5, consult Fig. 9, the same discovery has better performance without the functionalized carbon nanotube emery wheel, and this has embodied the uniformity of conclusion.
Serial experiment: designed the experiment of 6 series altogether.The purpose of series 1 is to carry out feasibility Experiment.Series 2-6 is the desk study experiment.
Series 2: in order to test a kind of performance of major diameter CNT.
The experimental subjects of series 2 comprises effect, the influence that content of carbon nanotubes is different and the influence of length of carbon nanotube of comparing functionization.
The emery wheel that uses in table 10 series 2
The workpiece and the emery wheel table of comparisons that use in table 11 series 2
* emery wheel 13 is through the functionalization of similar emery wheel 7 or 8,1wt%.
Table 12 is the grinding condition in the series 2
During grinding, the grinding position of each emery wheel is referring to accompanying drawing 10,11 and 12.Wherein P0-1 indicates No. 1 grinding face of surface of the work surface before, in contrast, P1W6 represents to use No. 1 surface on the workpiece of emery wheel 6 grindings, P1-2 represent No. 1 and No. 2 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P2W9 represents to use No. 2 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 9 grindings, P2-3 represent No. 2 and No. 3 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P3W10 represents to use No. 3 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 10 grindings.(as follows) (for PxWy, generally speaking, the digital x of P back represents the surface number on the workpiece, and the digital y of W back represents the emery wheel numbering)
Data are handled: for zone as a reference, get 3 roughness and average.For grinding area, get 5 roughness, generally use 5 numerical value to express measurement result, these 5 numerical value are respectively: minimum of a value, 25% value, intermediate value, 75% value, maximum, and remove minimum and maximum value, average for remaining 3, to reduce influence than mistake.(as follows)
Table 14 is the roughness result of workpiece 4 in the series 2
Table 15 is the roughness result of workpiece 5 in the series 2
The same with the result who estimates, the emery wheel that contains 2% CNT obtains obtaining better surface than the emery wheel that contains 1% CNT.This is because there is how effective CNT to work in grinding.
The CNT long than the effect of short CNT is good, and reason may be because short CNT has better rigidity.
The still old counter productive of the CNT emery wheel that functionalization is crossed, the functionalized carbon nanotube emery wheel is not effective.
Series 3: in order to study the performance of the CNT emery wheel that has mixed diamond particles.
The emery wheel that uses in table 16 series 3
Table 17 is the workpiece tabulation of using in the series 3
Table 18 is the grinding condition of series 3
During grinding, the grinding position of each emery wheel is referring to accompanying drawing 13,14 and 15.Wherein P0-1 indicates No. 1 grinding face of surface of the work surface before, in contrast, P1W6 represents to use No. 1 surface on the workpiece of emery wheel 6 grindings, P1-2 represent No. 1 and No. 2 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P2W24 represents to use No. 2 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 24 grindings, P2-3 represent No. 2 and No. 3 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P3W25 represents to use No. 3 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 25 grindings.(as follows) (for PxWy, generally speaking, the digital x of P back represents the surface number on the workpiece, and the digital y of W back represents the emery wheel numbering)
Table 19 is the roughness result of workpiece 6 in the series 3
Table 20 is the roughness result of workpiece 7 in the series 3
Table 21 is the roughness result of workpiece 8 in the series 3
The grit size effect: the CNT emery wheel result who sneaks into diamond particles produces bigger roughness, promptly worse surface.This be because the size of diamond particles than the big 37-187 of CNT doubly.
In general, the surface that produces of little abrasive particle.
The CNT abrasive particle: the CNT emery wheel produces better surface.For no other reason than that CNT abrasive particle yardstick is very little.
Series 4: in order to study of the influence of CNT diameter for the CNT grinding wheel performance.
Table 22 is the emery wheel tabulations of using in the series 4
Table 23 is the workpiece tabulations of using in the series 4
Table 24 is the grinding conditions in the series 4
During grinding, the grinding position of each emery wheel is referring to accompanying drawing 16,17 and 18.Wherein P0-1 indicates No. 1 grinding face of surface of the work surface before, in contrast, P1W6 represents to use No. 1 surface on the workpiece of emery wheel 6 grindings, P1-2 represent No. 1 and No. 2 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P2W4 represents to use No. 2 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 4 grindings, P2-3 represent No. 2 and No. 3 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P3W17 represents to use No. 3 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 17 grindings.(as follows) (for PxWy, generally speaking, the digital x of P back represents the surface number on the workpiece, and the digital y of W back represents the emery wheel numbering)
Table 25 is roughness results of workpiece 9 in the series 4
Table 26 is workpiece 10 roughness results in the series 4
Table 27 is roughness results of workpiece 11 in the series 4
In general, CNT is not the purity that has the producer to show.So this experimental design widens the influence that the scope of vary in diameter is avoided other factors as far as possible.
Conclusion shows that large diameter CNT obtains better finished surface.This is because large diameter CNT has strengthened rigidity.
Series 5: in order to study the influence of CNT diameter and length combination for the CNT grinding wheel performance.
The purpose of series 5 is conclusions of further checking series 4, and has compared the performance of CNT in the CNT emery wheel of different length under the same diameter.
Table 28 is emery wheel tabulations of using in the series 5
Table 29 is workpiece tabulations in the series 5
Table 30 is the grinding conditions in the series 5
During grinding, the grinding position of each emery wheel is referring to accompanying drawing 19,20,21,22 and 23.Wherein P0-1 indicates No. 1 grinding face of surface of the work surface before, in contrast, P1W6 represents to use No. 1 surface on the workpiece of emery wheel 6 grindings, P1-2 represent No. 1 and No. 2 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P2W14 represents to use No. 2 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 14 grindings, P2-3 represent No. 2 and No. 3 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P3W18 represents to use No. 3 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 18 grindings.(as follows) (for PxWy, generally speaking, the digital x of P back represents the surface number on the workpiece, and the digital y of W back represents the emery wheel numbering)
Table 31 is roughness results of workpiece 12 in the series 5
Table 32 is roughness results of workpiece 13 in the series 5
Table 33 is workpiece 14 roughness results in the series 5
Table 34 is workpiece 15 roughness results in the series 5
Table 35 is roughness results of workpiece 16 in the series 5
Experimental result shows that the conclusion of relevant diameter and series 4 are unified.All as far as possible CNTs are shorter than the CNT in the series 4.
The result of study that influences of length shows short CNT better effects if.This is because increased rigidity and degree of crook is littler.
Series 6: in order to study the performance of the single armed CNT and the CNT emery wheel of the multi-arm carbon nano-tube composition of arranging in order.
Table 36 is emery wheel tabulations of using in the series 6
Table 37 is workpiece tabulations of using in the series 6
Table 38 is the grinding condition of series 6
During grinding, the grinding position of each emery wheel is referring to accompanying drawing 24,25 and 26.Wherein P0-1 indicates No. 1 grinding face of surface of the work surface before, in contrast, P1W6 represents to use No. 1 surface on the workpiece of emery wheel 6 grindings, P1-2 represent No. 1 and No. 2 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P2W14 represents to use No. 2 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 14 grindings, P2-3 represent No. 2 and No. 3 grinding faces between the surface, in contrast, P3W22 represents to use No. 3 surfaces on the workpiece of emery wheel 22 grindings.(as follows) (for PxWy, generally speaking, the digital x of P back represents the surface number on the workpiece, and the digital y of W back represents the emery wheel numbering)
Table 39 is workpiece 17 roughness results in the series 6
Table 40 is roughness results of workpiece 18 in the series 6
Although the diameter of SWCN is little more a lot of than multi-walled carbon nano-tubes diameter, the relative multi-walled carbon nano-tubes better effects if of SWCN.This has shown because the effect of its rigid structure single wall has surmounted the diameter condition effect.
The multi-walled carbon nano-tubes effect of arranging is more effective than the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of lack of alignment in order.
Polyester workpiece PHA in the series 6 is a kind of biomedical material.PHA is used as the performance of workpiece test CNT emery wheel processing of biological materials.
Table 41 is polyester material workpiece tabulations in the series 6
Table 42 is the emery wheels that are used to test in the series 6
Table 43 is conditions of grinding in the series 6
Table 44 is polyester material roughness results
CNT emery wheel processing of biological materials, the result is better than reference emery wheel.CNT emery wheel relative reference emery wheel obtains better effect.
Series 1-6 is feasibility Experiment and desk study test.Need further experiment, particularly optimize experiment.
The heat transfer property ordering is compared: based on existing data in literature [28-33], we compare heat transfer property under the various situations and sort.
Table 45 is that * is compared in the heat transfer property ordering of carbon nano tube compound material
* 1 for the highest, and 6 is minimum.
CNT adds composite, and its heat transfer property has raising.This performance is that various processing are needed badly.The method that we proposed, theoretical reality is all feasible.
Hot conduction experiments: we have carried out the hot conduction experiments of several groups of CNT abrasive grinding wheels.
Table 46 is CNT abrasive grinding wheel heat transfer property experiment test result
Experimental result shows that with respect to the emery wheel of the same race that does not add CNT, the novel CNT emery wheel that we carried has high heat-conducting property.This performance is that various processing are needed badly, also good result among the serial 1-6 (Fig. 4-26) has been played help.
Claims (64)
1. a machining tool is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in this machining tool.
2. a kind of machining tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described machining tool is rotary machining tool, attrition process instrument, boring bar tool or Milling Process instrument.
3. a kind of machining tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described machining tool is metal, pottery or organic material.
4. according to a kind of machining tool described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.
5. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described CNT is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.
6. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: described CNT is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
7. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: described CNT is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.
8. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: described CNT is the CNT of orderly carbon nanotubes arranged or lack of alignment.
9. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: described CNT is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.
10. according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: the mass content of described CNT in described machining tool is 0.3%-100%.
11. a grinding tool comprises abrasive particle and bond, it is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described abrasive particle.
12. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 11 is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described bond.
13. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 11 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
14. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 11 is characterized in that: described bond is metal, pottery or organic material.
15. a grinding tool comprises abrasive particle and bond, it is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described bond.
16. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 15 is characterized in that: bag is carbon nano-structured in the described abrasive particle.
17. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 16 is characterized in that: described bond is metal, pottery or organic material.
18. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 16 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
19. a grinding tool comprises abrasive particle and lapping liquid, it is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described abrasive particle.
20. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 19 is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described lapping liquid.
21. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 19 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
22. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 19 is characterized in that: described lapping liquid is the liquid of metal, pottery or organic material.
23. a grinding tool comprises abrasive particle and lapping liquid, it is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described lapping liquid.
24. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 23 is characterized in that: comprise carbon nano-structured in the described abrasive particle.
25. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 23 is characterized in that: described lapping liquid is the liquid of metal, pottery or organic material.
26. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 23 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
27., it is characterized in that: described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber according to each described a kind of grinding tool among the claim 11-26.
28. it is characterized in that according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 27: the diameter of described CNT is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.
29. it is characterized in that according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 28: described CNT is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
30. it is characterized in that according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 28: described CNT is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.
31. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 28 is characterized in that: described CNT is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.
32. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 28 is characterized in that: the mass content of described CNT in described grinding tool is 0.3%-100%.
33. a kind of grinding tool according to described in the claim 28 is characterized in that: also comprise diamond particles, artificial diamond's stone granulate, boron nitride particle, silicon-carbide particle or alumina particle in the abrasive particle.
34. the manufacture method of the machining tool described in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of adding in the described machining tool.
35. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 34 is characterized in that: it is included in the step that described machining tool surface is provided with carbon nano-structured coating or paste layer.
36. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in claim 34 or 35 is characterized in that: described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.
37. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 36 is characterized in that: the diameter of the described CNT of adding is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.
38. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 36 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
39. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 36 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.
40. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 36 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.
41. the manufacture method according to a kind of machining tool described in the claim 36 is characterized in that: the mass content of described CNT in described machining tool of adding is 0.3%-100%.
42. the manufacture method of the grinding tool described in claim 11 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described abrasive particle.
43. the manufacture method according to the described a kind of grinding tool of claim 42 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described bond.
44. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 43 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
45. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 43 is characterized in that: described bond is metal, pottery or organic material.
46. the manufacture method of the grinding tool described in claim 15 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described bond.
47. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 46 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described abrasive particle.
48. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 47 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
49. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 47 is characterized in that: described bond is metal, pottery or organic material.
50. the manufacture method of the grinding tool described in claim 19 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described abrasive particle.
51. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 50 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described lapping liquid.
52. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 51 is characterized in that: described lapping liquid is metal, pottery or organic material.
53. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 51 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
54. the manufacture method of the grinding tool described in claim 23 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described lapping liquid.
55. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 54 is characterized in that: it is included in the carbon nano-structured step of interpolation in the described abrasive particle.
56. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 55 is characterized in that: described lapping liquid is metal, pottery or organic material.
57. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 55 is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is metal, pottery or organic material.
58. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in claim 42 or 57 is characterized in that: described carbon nano-structured be CNT, carbon nanocoils, carbon nanobelts, carbon nano-pillar or nanofiber.
59. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: the diameter of the described CNT of adding is between the 1-100 nanometer, and length is between 500 nanometers-20 micron.
60. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is SWCN or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
61. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is the SWCN of arranging in order, the SWCN of random alignment, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arranging in order or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of random alignment.
62. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: the described CNT of adding is the CNT after reset condition CNT or the functionalization.
63. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: the mass content of described CNT in described grinding tool of adding is 0.3%-100%.
64. the manufacture method according to a kind of grinding tool described in the claim 58 is characterized in that: also comprise diamond particles, artificial diamond's stone granulate, boron nitride particle, silicon-carbide particle or alumina particle in the described abrasive particle.
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