CN101715522B - 对粉末金属部件公差的改进 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种粉末金属部件(34)具有外径,该部件在组装中***另一部件(18)的内孔中,且两部件之间过盈配合。在部件(34)的压实和烧结过程中,在部件(34)的外径上形成凸肋(30)。凸肋(30)的表面被压缩到大于凸肋间外径表面(31)的密度,以产生由凸肋的高点所限定的大直径和有效圆度。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年6月13日提交的美国临时专利申请第60/943,737号的权益,该申请以参见的方式纳入本文。
关于联邦赞助的研究或开发的声明
不适用。
技术领域
本发明涉及对粉末金属(PM)部件的尺寸公差的改进,具体来说,涉及对诸如阀座或阀导承之类的圆柱形PM部件的外径(OD)的准确定尺寸。
背景技术
阀座***件通常利用过盈配合安装在铝制的汽缸盖中以将燃烧室与在阀背侧的汽缸盖封隔开,并保护铝制汽缸盖不被直接靠放在其上的阀损坏。阀座必须在高温下耐磨损且耐腐蚀,并能将热量从阀传导出去而被汽缸盖吸收。也利用过盈配合而安装在汽缸盖中的阀导承引导阀杆件,它也必须是耐磨损的,并且必须将热量从阀杆传导到汽缸盖。
人们使用铸铁、黄铜合金和烧结粉末金属来制造阀座。烧结粉末金属因为具有出色的耐磨损、耐腐蚀和耐热性以及很好的导热性而可应用于条件最为苛刻的场合。不过,为了实现合适的过盈配合,必须将部件制作成极为紧密的公差,因此需要进行机加工以从外径去除材料从而将零件弄圆并使其具有准确的直径。为了有效地进行机加工,阀座或阀导承的粉末金属合金有时会被配制成具有更好的可机加工性,但代价是降低耐磨损和耐热性。即便易于机加工,但仍需要进行机加工,这就要求额外的制造工艺和刀具加工成本。
发明内容
本发明提供一种部件和制造该部件的方法,它们能利用相对耐磨损且耐热的粉末金属合金,同时又提供良好的尺寸和圆度方面的精度。在本发明中,在压实过程中在部件的OD中形成凸肋,将该部件烧结,并然后将其压花成一定的尺寸和形状。
在较佳的形式中,凸肋是轴向凸肋,就像花键那样,并在或不在部件的全长上延伸。
如果凸肋位于部件的最外径上,或者部件是单一外径的,则可强制该部件穿过一模具,该模具使凸肋永久变形以形成由凸肋的峰部所限定的、理想大小和圆形状的有效尺寸。理想的是,不需要后续机加工来对该有效直径进行再定尺寸或再塑形。
压花凸肋必须足够短从而不会影响阀座与汽缸盖之间的密封,从而不会形成从燃烧室外漏的路径。
该设计还允许汽缸盖的铝合金材料侧向流动到凸肋之间的间隙中,以及由凸肋使汽缸盖变形,以利用生产线压入配合力将该部件牢固地锁定在位。
本发明的前述和其它目的和优点将在下面的详细描述中阐明。在描述中,参照示出本发明较佳实施例的附图。
附图说明
图1是***汽缸盖并与阀形成阀座的阀座的示意性剖视图;
图2是普通阀座的立体图;
图3是排气阀座的典型微观结构;
图4是采用本发明的阀座的立体图;
图5是示出本发明的多个凸肋中的一个凸肋的局部端视图;
图6是凸肋的可替代形状的类似于图5的图;
图7是示出由凸肋的高点限定的大直径和凸肋之间的凹谷的低点所限定的底径的端视图;
图8是图7的部分8-8的详图;以及
图9是采用本发明的阀座的可替代实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了利用过盈配合安装在汽缸盖18的内孔16中的阀座14。阀20靠放在阀座上,以将燃烧室22与阀头26背侧的通道24封隔开。阀杆28延伸穿过通道24,该通道24可以衬有呈管状结构的阀导承***件,该阀导承***件可利用过盈配合***在汽缸盖18中。
图2示出作为普通阀座的粉末金属阀座14,其具有后烧结、预先机加工的OD 12,该OD通常不在公差之内并可能稍微不圆,至少不在圆度公差之内。汽缸盖中的这些阀座形成过盈配合所需要的紧密公差需要进行磨削或其它机加工,以使它们在尺寸和圆度的公差之内。
图3中示出了普通阀座的典型微观结构,其包括亚铁载体相(深色)和高合金硬质相(白色)。对于典型的阀座几何形状,这种材料不允许发生塑性变形来改进公差。
参见图4,根据本发明,在压实过程中,在PM环34的OD 32上形成凸肋30。这些凸肋的形状可如图5所示,具有圆状的形状,或者可如图6所示,具有较狭窄的带尖峰的形状。图5中的较圆凸肋30的高度H1可以例如低于0.127mm(<0.005″),而较尖凸肋的高度H2可以稍高一些,例如高至0.152mm(<0.006″)。较佳的是,凸肋可比完全密集分布得稀疏一些(7.4g/cm3),从而它们在被压花时更易于变形。在压花之后,压花表面上的密度高于凸肋间外径表面31的表面密度。
可将凸肋30的尺寸制成能通过塑性变形它们来减小OD的变化(即OD公差)以及OD圆度中的变化而无需机加工。最优的是,对于诸如阀导承和一些阀座之类的基本上直壁的环而言,压花过程可以是高速通过模具中的内孔,该内孔成锥形以在零件上产生正确尺寸和形状的OD。这些特征为在OD上产生低于0.05微米的公差提供一种比机加工成本更低廉的操作。
图7和8示出通过压花来定尺寸之后的OD。压花凸肋的高点或台脊所限定的大直径例如为28.278mm,而台脊之间的凹谷的顶部所限定的底径例如为28.070mm。在图8中,台脊的宽度W在顶部可以为0.51mm宽,且在每个台脊的边缘处带有0.25mm的圆角R1,而在每个凹谷的边缘处带有0.38mm的圆角R2。角度α例如可以为120度。在压花之前,大直径例如可以是28.278+0.05mm/-0.00mm(或+0.075mm/-0.00mm)。在压花过程中,凸肋会由于变化而如所需地以某种程度被压扁。并非所有的凸肋都可被压扁,因为一些凸肋可能为标称尺寸或低于标称尺寸。
这种方法可用于太坚硬以致无法进行直壁定尺寸的材料,诸如易于加工硬化的阀座材料。孔隙会随着某些材料塑性变形一起塌陷,这就提供了一种在外OD上改进OD公差的手段。当压入配合到较低强度或较高延性的材料中时,材料就会被型锻成留在OD中任何凹陷,即OD尺寸不同,而提供锁定和/或耐压紧密度。这对于考虑防漏的阀座尤为重要。阀系组件中最关键的密封表面是在阀关闭时位于阀的表面与在汽缸盖中的阀座之间。这些表面之间的泄漏会降低发动机压缩力和功率,并可能导致阀燃烧。不加工硬化ID表面,不会影响可机加工性。可根据压入配合的力和/或密封要求来改变花键的径向位置和数量。这些花键的数量典型地可以在10至72之间,通常围绕OD均匀地间隔开。
此外,本发明由于表面区域接触的减小而降低了总的压入配合力,或在设定的力下允许更大的压入配合公差。
本发明还可应用于具有台阶状外径的阀座,如图9所示。凸肋52不是全高的,并位于零件的较小外径上。为了对这些凸肋定尺寸,必须将该零件***模具并沿相反方向抽出。其上没有凸肋的较小外径的端部54可从凸肋的端部向阀座52的端部直径成锥形,以在对凸肋进行压花时以及将阀座***汽缸盖中时提供引入作用。也可以在图4的阀座上设置引入锥形。
已相当详细地描述了本发明的较佳实施例。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,对所描述的较佳实施例的许多修改和变化将是显而易见的。因此,本发明不应被局限于所述的实施例。
Claims (15)
1.一种具有外径的粉末金属部件,该粉末金属部件在组装时***另一部件的内孔中,且所述两部件之间过盈配合,所述粉末金属部件包括形成在其外径上的若干凸肋,所述凸肋在所述粉末金属部件压实的过程中形成并与所述粉末金属部件一起烧结,所述凸肋的表面被压缩成其密度大于所述凸肋之间的外径表面,以通过压花成一定尺寸和形状而产生由所述凸肋的高点所限定的大直径和有效圆度。
2.如权利要求1所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述凸肋平行于所述粉末金属部件的外径的纵轴向。
3.如权利要求2所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述凸肋在所述粉末金属部件的外径的全长上延伸。
4.如权利要求2所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述凸肋在小于所述粉末金属部件的外径的全长的长度上延伸。
5.如权利要求1所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件具有单一外径。
6.如权利要求1所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件具有至少两个不同的外径,且所述外径间设有台阶,凸肋形成在所述外径中的至少一个外径上。
7.如权利要求1所述的粉末金属部件,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件是阀座。
8.一种制造具有外径的粉末金属部件的方法,所述粉末金属部件***在另一部件的内孔中,且所述两个部件之间过盈配合,所述方法包括如下步骤:
在所述粉末金属部件的压实过程中在所述粉末金属部件的外径上形成凸肋;
烧结所述粉末金属部件;以及
通过压花成一定尺寸和形状而使所述凸肋塑性变形以产生由所述凸肋的高点限定的大直径和有效圆度。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,通过使所述烧结粉末金属部件穿过模具中与所述凸肋中的至少一些相干涉的内孔来使所述凸肋变形。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸肋平行于所述粉末金属部件的外径的纵轴向。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸肋在所述粉末金属部件的外径的全长上延伸。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凸肋在小于所述粉末金属部件的外径的全长的长度上延伸。
13.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件具有单一外径。
14.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件具有至少两个不同的外径,且所述外径间设有台阶,凸肋形成在所述外径中的至少一个外径上。
15.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粉末金属部件是阀座。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US94373707P | 2007-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | |
US60/943,737 | 2007-06-13 | ||
PCT/US2008/066897 WO2008157340A2 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-06-13 | Powder metal component tolerance improvements |
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CN101715522A CN101715522A (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
CN101715522B true CN101715522B (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
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US (1) | US8636264B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2162651B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5529730B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101715522B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008157340A2 (zh) |
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US20130252012A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-09-26 | Gkn Kinter Metals, Llc. | Powder metal axial and radial retention features for molding applications |
DE102013015677A1 (de) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-26 | Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sinterteils mit hochgenauer radialer Präzision sowie Teilesatz mit Sinterfügeteilen |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20110143158A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
EP2162651B1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
US8636264B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
JP5529730B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
EP2162651A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
EP2162651A4 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101715522A (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
WO2008157340A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2011502209A (ja) | 2011-01-20 |
WO2008157340A3 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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