CN101713304A - Method for cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage - Google Patents
Method for cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN101713304A CN101713304A CN200910192866.6A CN200910192866A CN101713304A CN 101713304 A CN101713304 A CN 101713304A CN 200910192866 A CN200910192866 A CN 200910192866A CN 101713304 A CN101713304 A CN 101713304A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cycle power generation by treating garbage, which is rapid, residue-free, clean and innoxious and in particular can effectively prevent dioxins from synthesis. In the method, after being subjected to wet decomposition, dechlorination, debenzolization, dehydration, deodorization, sterilization and organic matter expansion, the domestic garbage is pyrolyzed by a furnace for pyrolysis, dry distillation and gasification, and the hydrogen-containing biomass gas generated after pyrolysis, cooling and purification is used for power generation by adopting gas turbine-steam turbine hybrid power generation technology. The invention has the following advantages: the domestic garbage is fully treated, no secondary pollution is produced in the treatment process, source control is carried out on synthesis of such toxic substances as dioxins and the like, and the power is the clean energy in the true sense; therefore, the method can completely replace the incinerator-steam turbine power generation technology which is largely adopted at present.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of integrated treatment domestic waste and be used for generating electricity is a kind ofly rubbish is finally decomposed and to generate a large amount of hydrogeneous biomass gas more specifically, utilizes the method that gas turbine-steam turbine cogeneration technology is generated electricity.
Background technique
Various countries' disposal of refuse at present adopts the most general mode to burn exactly, and temperature is controlled at about 980 ℃ in the general refuse incinerator, burns the back volume ratio and can dwindle 50-80% originally, and the combustible garbage of categorised collection is after burning disposal even can dwindle 90%.Yet after the practice of a century, the waste incineration method but fails to be accepted by the numerous common people always on the process, and aspects such as heavier, expensive costliness, complicated operation and waste resource are polluted in its disadvantage outstanding behaviours in its latency.Current best incinerator under situation about working well, also can discharge tens of kinds of harmful matters, only is difficult to all purify by filtration, washing and adsorption method.Especially furans pollutant such as dioxin belongs to generally acknowledged one-level carcinogenic substance, even very micro-ly also can accumulate for a long time in vivo, it can't stipulate out threshold value so far to the effect of human body.And build a big-and-middle-sized incinerator and want 1,000,000,000 yuans easily, the processing cost after being constructed and put into operation approximately also needs 300 yuan/ton, and general city is difficult to bear.Exactly because have dioxin contamination risk and too high this two big drawback of investment operating cost, waste incineration is after the climax that has experienced the eighties of last century eighties, the garbage burning factory of present global developed country is constantly being closed down.The supreme principle of environmental protection is also impelled the government of developed country to make a decision sincerely to close garbage combustion device.Especially in recent years, the right-safeguarding disturbance of the anti-waste incineration of one burst blazes in the world, burns prosperous more more.In fact, waste incineration method has at home and abroad begun to enter the atrophy phase.Even the most intensive Japan of refuse incinerator is also very general to the resistance of waste incineration, anti-dioxin up to a hundred group is arranged in the world in running.Also introspect even work out the European countries of European Union's standard, close incinerator one after another, promulgation is prohibited to burn to be made.Meanwhile, unite " the National urban domestic garbage was harmlessly treated Facilities Construction Eleventh Five-Year Plan " printed and distributed by the Committee of Development and Reform, the Ministry of Construction, State Environmental Protection Administration at home, planning proposes, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period the whole nation will increase domestic garbage was harmlessly treated ability 320,000 ton per days newly, to the Eleventh Five-Year Plan end, the National urban level of harmless treatment rate of life waste will reach 60%.
Also formally announce together with " the comprehensive programme of work of energy-saving and emission-reduction " that relevant department formulates by National Development and Reform Committee.To promote in the scheme garbage as resource utilization as innovation mode, accelerate development one of important content of recycling economy, spell out, " garbage collection system will be established and improve in city above county level (containing the county town); push forward the construction of domestic waste taxonomic hierarchies comprehensively; fully reclaim the waste and old resource in the rubbish; encourage waste incineration and generating electricity and heat supply, landfill gas generating, actively push forward the town and country rubbish processing to be harmless, realize waste reductionization, resource and innoxious.”
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of quick, nothing residue, clean harmless is provided, and particularly can prevent the method for the waste processing circulating generation of synthetic dioxin effectively.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to the present invention includes following steps:
(1) warm high pressure wets and separates pretreatment in the employing, domestic garbage is sent in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, feed steam, after domestic garbage heated a period of time, decompression gradually then, and the reduction valve of opening the high-pressure bottle storehouse under certain pressure fast realizes that spray is quick-fried, makes materials inside expanded, decomposites the chlorine in most of plastic polymer and the compound of benzene simultaneously;
(2) will wet separate pretreated domestic garbage and carry out the automation refuse classification through above-mentioned;
(3) inflammable matter that sorts out and organic substance grog are put into the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven, under the condition of high temperature, anoxic, carry out the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction, make that organic class component obtains sufficient pyrolysing gasification in the domestic garbage, export hydrogeneous biomass gas;
(4) above-mentioned hydrogeneous biomass gas is supplied with gas turbine combustion acting generating, the tail gas used heat of gas turbine reclaims the generation superheated vapor through exhaust heat boiler or superheated steam generator, drives steam turbine and carries out combined cycle generation.
In the described step (1) concrete wet separate pretreatment be under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～1Mpa pressure to the rubbish heating and exerted pressure 2～4 hours, decompression gradually then, and opening reduction valve when 0.1～0.2Mpa pressure fast, to implement spray quick-fried.
Opening the quick-fried best pressure values of reduction valve enforcement spray fast is 0.15Mpa.
The idiographic flow of refuse classification is in described step (2): the quick-fried rubbish of handling out of spray flows into the garbage bag-breaking machine broken bag of going ahead of the rest automatically in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, enter by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation in the automatic sorting machine, lighter rubbish is opened by the wind that machinery produces, iron class material then enters another passage by magnet absorption, then remain rubbish and enter the near infrared light process of separation, and then sub-elect inflammable matter and organic substance grog.
Pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction in the described step (3) is to carry out under 1200 ℃ high temperature, the organic matter rubbish cracking produces the mixed gas that contains methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, rubbish carbon residue and water vapor, make tar, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue in the mixed gas be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is a carbon monoxide, and then obtains described hydrogeneous biomass gas.
Between above-mentioned steps (3) and step (4), add purifying step, the hydrogeneous biomass gas that produces in the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven is fed in the purifier, carry out dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization and dry series of process, send into gas turbine then.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, quick: disposed in four hours, the rubbish that shipped the same day, disposed the same day, and it is clear to reach daily output day.
2, harmless: warm high pressure is wet in the totally-enclosed continuous circulation separates/sieves/operation of gasifying, and has thoroughly solved the global difficult problem of dioxin contamination from the source, and no foul smell is excessive, the nothing tradition is burned; Realized that really no harmful exhaust generates or generate less harmful exhaust; The organic substance high temperature and high pressure hydrolysis is handled, and sterilization thoroughly; Handle at a high speed the innoxious reusable edible of treatment fluid.
3, do not have residue: all rubbish 100% are all recycling, handle thoroughly.
4, adaptability is strong: can realize comprising that Biohazard Waste and all domestic garbage, constructional rubbish, fowl raises the rubbish that mud is gushed in disease corpse, food service industry changing food waste, agricultural wastes, city sewage and sludge and river.
5, floor space is little: being 1/2nd of burning and garbage power method floor space, is 1/4th of composting process, 1/4th of landfill method.Because this treatment technology is the batch production running, waste processing daily output day is clear, handles thoroughly not have remaining, and does not have landfill substantially, and shared soil can forever use.
6, resource, industrialization level height: because of the preposition wet of original creation separated and thorough, the whole regenerations of the recyclable goods and materials of part of back letter sorting technology, simultaneously because wet separating+destructive distillation circular treatment technology+gas turbine direct gasification utilization, do not have traditional waste incineration fully, limit to greatest extent and reduced waste gas production (have only pure burning process 1/100).
7, operating cost is lower, easy to implement, management and promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a facilities and equipments schematic representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, present embodiment mainly comprises following process step:
1, middle temperature highly pressured hydrolysis is handled
At first with rubbish by sending in the high-pressure bottle storehouse 3 by conveyor belt 2 in the rubbish storage bin 1, in high-pressure bottle storehouse 3, feed steam, under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～0.8Mpa pressure to rubbish heating, pressurization 2～4 hours, to rubbish carry out high-temperature sterilization, deodorizing, sterilization, hydrolysis dechlorination, take off benzene, the dehydration decrement treatment, be depressurized to 0.1～0.2MPa (the best 0.15MPa of being) then, open the liquid emission valve in high-pressure bottle storehouse 3, the liquids recovery that flows out in the valve is made the fertilizer mother liquor.After treating that fluid discharge finishes, open the outlet in high-pressure bottle storehouse 3.Press the organic waste that sprays the expanded change structure of producing to carry out sorting on band by the refuse classification device.This process is because the acting in conjunction of temperature and pressure, effectively separated out compounds such as chlorine in the plastics and benzene, get on from the source except producing the basic condition of dioxin,
2, automation refuse classification system
The quick-fried rubbish of handling out of spray flows into garbage bag-breaking machine 4 automatically in 3 from the high-pressure bottle storehouse, and rubbish is earlier through the mechanical bag-crusher broken bag of going ahead of the rest.Enter in the automatic sorting machine 5 by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation.After rubbish was served line belt in the material feeding mouth, lighter rubbish at first entered the selection by winnowing program, and it is opened by the wind that machinery produces, and the iron class then enters another passage by magnet absorption.Then remain rubbish and enter the near infrared light process of separation, because the near infrared light that different materials such as paper, plastics send is different.Default light sorting parameter can satisfy the requirement of more than 20 kind of Recyclable of sorting.By light sorting technology organic substance, flammable class material, separate out all types of plastic behind benzene/chlorine and enter the high temperature pyrolysis stove and carry out destructive gasifying, the hydrogeneous biomass combustible gas of generation provides gas turbine-steam turbine combined generating system to generate electricity behind cooling and purifying.Inorganic matter, slag class rubbish: curing agent such as fragmentation, mixing back interpolation cement are made innoxious energy-conservation light building material; Ferromagnetic and non-ferrous metal thing class: mainly to be recovered as the master; Sand class rubbish: stack naturally and sneak into waste processing liquid and the soil conditioning particle is made in the after fermentation of the high nutrient organic substance of part.
3, pyrolysing gasification system
To drop in the pyrolysis gasification furnace 6 through the garbage organism that filters out and rubbish grog etc., rubbish enters pyrolysis gasification furnace 6 by the push feed of feeding system hydraulic pressure.Impose the pyrolysis temperatures of 1200 degree, become to be grouped into some other because organic main component is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur.Under conditions such as high temperature, anoxic, the molecular chain in the organic substance begins fracture and decomposes, and its surface moisture, carbon dioxide, methane etc. are separated out, and produce mixed gass such as containing methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, water vapor.Make tar in the mixed gas, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue etc. be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is a carbon monoxide.
Again through dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, technologies such as purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization, drying, the hydrogen-containing gas that can obtain about 1300～2000 kilocalorie similar water coal gas of calorific value is exported continuously.
Pyrolysing gasification is a kind of method of brand-new waste disposal.It combines the pyrolysis technology of innovation and traditional high temperature oxygen supply gasification technology.Do not have traditional boiler, but simulated the chemical combination process of material in the stratum, with waste gasification.In an enclosed environment and under the High Temperature High Pressure, refuse is transformed into synthetic gas and callable solid residue fully.In high temperature and long residence time, it in addition can destroy the most complicated organic compound: the heavy metal composition can be used as manageable precipitation state and is reclaimed.Sour gas becomes salinity and is handled and reclaim.Invalid components in the rubbish is melted and hardens, and is formed with the structural material and the metal alloy of usefulness.These two kinds of materials all can change into inertia and nontoxic product.The water that produces in overall process all is cleaned, and recycles.Because the gas, solid matter and the water that are produced in the whole process flow can both reclaim through handling, the discharging after the whole waste processing reduces significantly, does not smolder in the processing procedure, does not have discharge of wastewater, needs landfill without any solid, lime-ash.
4, gas turbine-steam turbine combined generating system
Because gasification oven produces the hydrogeneous biomass gas of similar water coal gas, about 1300～2000 kilocalories of calorific value, it is supplied with gas turbine 7 work by combustion electricity generation grid-connectings, gas turbine 7 exhaust heats and gasification island sensible heat reclaim heat and produce superheated vapor through the exhaust heat boiler heated feed water, drive steam turbine 8 generatings, thereby realized combustion and steam combined cycle generation process.
Power generating equipment adopts gas turbine 7.Gas turbine 7 single-machine capacitys are not wait from 300kW to 2000kW, because the discharge tail gas temperature is all between 650～800 ℃ after the gas turbine power generation, angle from the energy utilization, this part tail gas still contains a large amount of callable available energies, can improve system effectiveness so increase waste heat recovering device (as exhaust heat boiler etc.) behind fuel gas generation equipment.In the garbage gasifying power generation system, except power generating equipment tail gas has a large amount of waste heats, the fuel gas temperature of pyrolysing gasification outlet of still also very high (reaching about 700～800 ℃), so the waste heat of this part gasification sensible heat and fuel gas generation equipment is combined, utilize exhaust heat boiler and superheater to produce steam, utilize the steam turbine cogeneration again.Like this, the integrated heat efficiency of combined generating system will reach 35～45%, considerably beyond traditional waste incineration and generating electricity technology.With rubbish is that the biogas elelctrochemical power generation equipment of main organic principle is exactly by above process, and various wastes are made a silk purse out of a sow's ear, and is converted into the high-quality electric energy, thoroughly solves the pollution of waste and the comprehensive reasonable of the energy and utilizes problem.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) warm high pressure wets and separates pretreatment in the employing, domestic garbage is sent in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, feed steam, after domestic garbage heated a period of time, decompression gradually then, and the reduction valve of opening the high-pressure bottle storehouse under certain pressure fast realizes that spray is quick-fried, makes materials inside expanded, decomposites the chlorine in most of plastic polymer and the compound of benzene simultaneously;
(2) will wet separate pretreated domestic garbage and carry out the automation refuse classification through above-mentioned;
(3) inflammable matter that sorts out and organic substance grog are put into pyrolysis gasification furnace, under the condition of high temperature, anoxic, carry out the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction, make that organic class component obtains sufficient pyrolysing gasification in the domestic garbage, export hydrogeneous biomass gas;
(4) above-mentioned hydrogeneous biomass gas is supplied with gas turbine combustion acting generating, the tail gas used heat of gas turbine reclaims the generation superheated vapor through exhaust heat boiler or superheated steam generator, drives steam turbine and carries out combined cycle generation.
2. the method for a kind of cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is concrete in the described step (1) that wet to separate pretreatment be to the rubbish heating and exerted pressure 2～4 hours under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～1Mpa pressure, decompression gradually then, and when 0.1～0.2Mpa pressure, open reduction valve fast and implement to spray quick-fried.
3. the method for a kind of cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage according to claim 2 is characterized in that, opening the quick-fried best pressure values of reduction valve enforcement spray fast is 0.15Mpa.
4. the method for a kind of cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the idiographic flow of refuse classification is in described step (2): the quick-fried rubbish of handling out of spray flows into the garbage bag-breaking machine broken bag of going ahead of the rest automatically in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, enter by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation in the automatic sorting machine, lighter rubbish is opened by the wind that machinery produces, iron class material then enters another passage by magnet absorption, then remain rubbish and enter the near infrared light process of separation, and then sub-elect inflammable matter and organic substance grog.
5. the method for a kind of cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction in the described step (3) is to carry out under 1200 ℃ high temperature, the organic matter rubbish cracking produces the mixed gas that contains methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, rubbish carbon residue and water vapor, make tar, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue in the mixed gas be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is a carbon monoxide, and then obtains described hydrogeneous biomass gas.
6. the method for a kind of cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the hydrogeneous biomass gas that produces in the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven is fed in the purifier, carry out dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization and dry series of process, send into gas turbine then.
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