CN104456571A - Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage - Google Patents
Method and device for generating electricity through household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN104456571A CN104456571A CN201410606561.6A CN201410606561A CN104456571A CN 104456571 A CN104456571 A CN 104456571A CN 201410606561 A CN201410606561 A CN 201410606561A CN 104456571 A CN104456571 A CN 104456571A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 61
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000294743 Gamochaeta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011953 bioanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010884 boiler slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 therefore Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of waste reutilization, in particular to a method and device for generating electricity through household garbage. The method for generating electricity through the household garbage comprises the followings steps that (1) lime powder is added to the household garbage for gasification treatment, obtained gas is kept for at least two seconds at the temperature higher than 850 DEG C, and primary treatment gas is obtained; (2) the primary treatment gas is dedusted at the temperature higher than 500 DEG C, heat exchange treatment is carried out, the temperature of the gas is reduced below 500 DEG C and above the temperature of saturated vapor, and secondary treatment gas is obtained; (3) the secondary treatment gas is input into a heavy duty gas turbine for generating electricity, and the temperature of a combustion chamber of the heavy duty gas turbine is not lower than 1, 350 DEG C. According to the method for generating electricity through the household garbage, zero emission of dioxin can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to discarded object recycling field, in particular to method and the device of one way of life garbage power.
Background technology
At present, for the recycling field of house refuse, more concentrating on is translated into the application study of liquid or gaseous fuel aspect.Attainable path for transformation mainly comprises thermochemical method and bioanalysis two kinds; Wherein, because bioanalysis industrialized scale is restricted, therefore, thermochemical method process house refuse is often adopted in the related.
Concrete, thermochemical method comprises liquefaction and gasification two kinds of processing modes; Containing unstable and corrosive component, and also can not break through for the technical bottleneck that obtained liquid fuel grade promotes in the process of liquefaction, its operating technology is immature.Therefore, house refuse is carried out gasification process, and be trash processing way common in correlation technique by the combustion gas that obtains is carried out generating electricity after gasification.
But, due to by the process of domestic garbage gasification, (the phenyl ring material produced in combustion process and chlorine can impel the generation of dioxin to produce a certain amount of dioxin, dioxin is the noxious material that a kind of toxicity is very serious, be the pollutant that the mankind are known up to now toxicity is the strongest, IARC has been classified as mankind's one-level carcinogenic substance), and in suitable temperature range, as 270-500 DEG C, dioxin can continue to synthesize and be mixed in obtained combustion gas.In the process of combustion gas being carried out generating electricity, dioxin will be discharged in environment, and then can cause environmental pollution.
For the technology of waste incineration and generating electricity, application number is the patent application of 201210174821.8, disclose rotary kiln waste incineration and generating electricity equipment, although it achieves by burning away the refuse and carrying out the effect that generates electricity, but it does not provide any process means to the dioxin produced in burning process, so, while it realizes garbage power, the problem of environmental pollution that will inevitably cause with cause dioxin.
Application number be 201210499370.5 application discloses a kind of garbage incinerating power plant electron beam irradiation degraded dioxin device and method; Although it contains the sample of dioxin molecule by electron accelerator irradiation, the electron beam that electron accelerator is produced and dioxin interaction of molecules achieve the degradation effect of dioxin; But still do not realize the effect of degradable dioxin, accessible degradation rate is about 90%, can not reach the zero-emission of dioxin, still there is problem of environmental pollution.
To sum up, one way of life garbage power is provided and the method realizing dioxin zero discharge is a technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in this area.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the method for one way of life garbage power, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of equipment realizing house refuse electricity-generating method.
Provide the method for one way of life garbage power in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
1), in house refuse, add the laggard row gasification process of pulverized limestone, and the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C; Obtain single treatment combustion gas;
2), by described single treatment combustion gas carry out heat exchange process after dedusting at higher than the temperature of 500 DEG C, make its temperature be down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature, obtain after-treatment combustion gas;
3), described after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine to generate electricity; The chamber temperature of described heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C.
The method of this house refuse generating provided by the invention, by advanced for house refuse row gasification process, obtains single treatment combustion gas.In the process of gasification process, dioxin can be produced.The boiling point of dioxin is 75 DEG C, generates at the temperature of 270-500 DEG C of being everlasting, and when reaching 705 DEG C, it starts to decompose, and 850 DEG C time, within the several seconds, decomposable asymmetric choice net is complete.Therefore, after the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C, the dioxin generated in gasification decomposes substantially completely.Meanwhile, owing to being mixed with pulverized limestone in house refuse, pulverized limestone can with the Cl that produces in gasification
2react, and generate CaCl
2, and then consume Cl
2, effectively prevent the synthesis again of dioxin.
Subsequently, high-temperature dust removal process is carried out in single treatment combustion gas, in this process, the temperature of dust removal process is arranged on and is greater than 500 DEG C (preferably more than 705 DEG C), because this temperature is higher than the synthesis temperature of dioxin, produce so do not have dioxin, and then ensure that removed dust impurities does not carry dioxin.After dedusting, carry out heat exchange process to it, and the temperature of single treatment combustion gas is down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated vapor temperature, because this temperature is in the production temperature range of dioxin, therefore, dioxin can synthesize again; And in the process of heat exchange, may along with the generation of aqueous water (can dioxin be carried after discharge, and then not meet zero emission requirement).For this reason, by heat exchange process, the temperature of single treatment combustion gas is down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated vapor temperature (saturated-steam temperature that combustion gas is corresponding under both constant-pressures), does not have aqueous water and produce, and then also there is not the situation that dioxin discharges with water.
After obtaining after-treatment combustion gas, be entered into heavy duty gas turbine and generate electricity, the chamber temperature due to heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C; And organic matter all can be converted into inorganic matter at 1350 DEG C, and irreversible.Therefore, dioxin, after the temperature of more than 1350 DEG C, gets final product 100% and is converted into inorganic matter, and then achieves the zero-emission of dioxin in whole garbage power process.
Optionally, in step 1) in: in the process of described gasification process, in gasification process equipment, pass into the oxygen that purity is not less than 70%.
In order to improve the calorific value of obtained combustion gas, in the process of gasification process, preferably in gasification process equipment, add the oxygen that purity is not less than 70%; Preferred, the purity of oxygen is higher than 90% (as 92%-93%).By this operation, obtain combustion gas calorific value can reach 5500kcal/m
3.
Optionally, in step 1) in: the temperature in the process of described gasification is arranged on 850-1100 DEG C.
Optionally, in step 1) in: the time of described delay is 2-20 second;
Generally speaking, higher than at the temperature of 850 DEG C, dioxin can decompose in 2 seconds, but to be on the safe side, preferably it can be detained 2-20 second at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C, this time is enough to the whole decomposition realizing dioxin.
Optionally, in step 2) in: the temperature of described dedusting is 705-800 DEG C.
In dust removal process process, in theory, its temperature is arranged on the generation temperature (500 DEG C) higher than dioxin; Preferred, can bear the prerequisite of temperature at equipment under, its temperature is arranged on 705-800 DEG C.
Optionally, in step 3) in: the chamber temperature of described heavy duty gas turbine is 1350-1800 DEG C.
Heavy duty gas turbine, by burning after-treatment combustion gas acting, realizes heat energy to mechanical conversion of energy; Be that electric energy realizes generating again by mechanical energy.In addition, at the temperature of 1350-1800 DEG C, all organic matters contained in after-treatment combustion gas all can change inorganic matter into, and irreversible; Dioxin also changes thereupon, there is not dioxin in the waste gas of therefore discharging, and then achieves the zero-emission of dioxin.
Optionally, in step 3) in, specifically comprise:
Described after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine generate electricity, and the waste gas of generation is used for adding hot-air;
By heating after air turn back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, lower the temperature for making described single treatment combustion gas.
In order to improve the utilization rate of the waste gas produced in power generation process, the waste gas produced in power generation process can be used for adding hot-air, the temperature of the air after this preliminary heating is about 100 DEG C, can return it to and change in heat treated process, the temperature of single treatment combustion gas is reduced, and the temperature of self raises, and then achieves making full use of of waste heat.
Optionally, by heating after air turning back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, after the step of lowering the temperature for making described single treatment combustion gas, also comprise;
Air after heat exchange is used for baking step 1) in house refuse.
Air after heat exchange, its temperature can raise, and further uses in rubbish baking operation when operating initial; Further achieve making full use of of waste heat.
Realize a device for the method for above-mentioned house refuse generating, comprising:
Gasification furnace: for will the domestic garbage gasification of pulverized limestone be mixed with;
High-temperature dust removal equipment: for dedusting is carried out in single treatment combustion gas;
Heat exchanger: for carrying out heat exchange to the combustion gas after dedusting;
Heavy duty gas turbine: for after-treatment combustion gas is generated electricity;
Described gasification furnace, high-temperature dust removal equipment, heat exchanger, heavy duty gas turbine connect successively.
Optionally, this device also comprises:
Hot-air stove: add hot-air for utilizing the waste gas of discharging described heavy duty gas turbine;
Pressure fan: for giving described hot-air stove input air;
Rubbish drying oven: for the air through heat exchanger is dried house refuse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in detailed description of the invention or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The flow chart of the method for the house refuse generating that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
The operating process schematic diagram of the method for the house refuse generating that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly; clear, complete description is carried out below by technical scheme of the present invention; based on the detailed description of the invention in the present invention; other embodiments all that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belong to the scope that the present invention protects.
In the present invention, provide the method for one way of life garbage power, purport overcomes the defect that can not realize dioxin zero discharge in the garbage power process existed in prior art; Concrete, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions dioxin zero discharge technique in garbage power process:
The method of house refuse generating, comprises the following steps: 1), in house refuse, add the laggard row gasification process of pulverized limestone, and the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C; Obtain single treatment combustion gas; 2), single treatment combustion gas is carried out heat exchange process after dedusting at higher than the temperature of 500 DEG C, make its temperature be down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature (according to the gas turbine of different size to the different requirements of gaseous-pressure, the temperature of its saturated vapor of combustion gas of different pressures is different, in this operation, meet the temperature after cooling higher than the saturated-steam temperature under the pressure residing for single treatment combustion gas), obtain after-treatment combustion gas; 3), after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine to generate electricity; Wherein, the chamber temperature of heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C.
In addition, in order to improve in gasification the calorific value producing combustion gas, the zero-emission guaranteeing dioxin, realize making full use of of waste heat in power generation process; On the basis of above-mentioned technical scheme, can also in conjunction with the next item down or whole restrictions, to obtain further technical scheme: in step 1) in: in the process of gasification process, the oxygen (preferred, the purity of oxygen is not less than 90%) that purity is not less than 70% is passed in gasification process equipment; Or the temperature in the process of gasification is arranged on 850-1100 DEG C; Or the time of being detained is 2-20 second; Or the temperature of dedusting is 705-800 DEG C; Or in step 3) in: the chamber temperature of heavy duty gas turbine is 1350-1800 DEG C; Or in step 3) in, specifically comprise: after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine and generates electricity, and the waste gas of generation is used for adding hot-air; By heating after air turn back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, lower the temperature for making single treatment combustion gas.More specifically, by heating after air turning back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, after the step of lowering the temperature for making single treatment combustion gas, also comprise; Air after heat exchange is used for baking step 1) in house refuse.
The method of this house refuse generating provided by the invention, by advanced for house refuse row gasification process, obtains single treatment combustion gas.In the process of gasification process, dioxin can be produced.The boiling point of dioxin is 75 DEG C, generates at the temperature of 270-500 DEG C of being everlasting, and when reaching 705 DEG C, it starts to decompose, and 850 DEG C time, within the several seconds, decomposable asymmetric choice net is complete.Therefore, after the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C, the dioxin generated in gasification decomposes substantially completely.Meanwhile, owing to being mixed with pulverized limestone in house refuse, pulverized limestone can with the Cl that produces in gasification
2react, and generate CaCl
2, and then consume Cl
2, effectively prevent the synthesis again of dioxin.
High-temperature dust removal process is carried out in obtained single treatment combustion gas, in this process, the temperature of dust removal process is arranged on and is greater than 500 DEG C, because this temperature is greater than the generation temperature of dioxin, so dioxin cannot generate, and then ensure that removed dust impurities does not carry dioxin.After dedusting, carry out heat exchange process to it, and the temperature of single treatment combustion gas is down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature, because this temperature is in the generation temperature range of dioxin, therefore, dioxin can synthesize again; And in the process of heat exchange, may along with the generation of aqueous water (can dioxin be carried after discharge, and then not meet zero emission requirement).For this reason, by heat exchange process, the temperature of single treatment combustion gas is down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature, saturated vapor temperature (concrete temperature is depending on the pressure residing for single treatment combustion gas) corresponding under the pressure making the temperature after heat exchange be greater than residing for combustion gas, do not have aqueous water to produce, and then there is not the situation that dioxin discharges with water yet.
After obtaining after-treatment combustion gas, be entered into heavy duty gas turbine and generate electricity, the chamber temperature due to heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C; And organic matter all can be converted into inorganic matter at 1350 DEG C, and irreversible.Therefore, dioxin, after the temperature of more than 1350 DEG C, gets final product 100% and is converted into inorganic matter, and then achieves the zero-emission of dioxin in whole garbage power process.
Next, the present invention, in conjunction with above-mentioned content, has enumerated specific embodiments of the invention, please refer to following content:
Embodiment one
Please refer to Fig. 1, the method for this house refuse generating provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
Step 101: add the laggard row gasification process of pulverized limestone in house refuse, and the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C; Obtain single treatment combustion gas;
In a step 101, concrete, when mixing house refuse, pulverized limestone is added wherein, and then send in the lump in gasification process equipment, the chlorine produced in the pulverized limestone that adds and gasification is reacted, and then effectively prevents chlorine and phenyl ring material to generate the possibility of dioxin.In addition, be detained at 850 DEG C the operation that 3-5 can carry out high-temperature dust removal second by obtaining combustion gas.
Step 102: single treatment combustion gas is carried out heat exchange process after dedusting at higher than the temperature of 500 DEG C, makes its temperature be down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature, obtain after-treatment combustion gas;
In a step 102, by can effectively some solid dust impurity contained in single treatment combustion gas be removed in the process of high-temperature dust removal, what is more important, because temperature in the process of dedusting is higher than 500 DEG C, more preferably higher than 705 DEG C, this temperature is higher than the decomposition temperature of dioxin, therefore, in the process of dedusting, do not have dioxin generate, therefore, in removed solid dust impurity, can not have dioxin by adhesive tape yet.Concrete, in the present embodiment, the temperature of dedusting is set in 710 DEG C.
And in the process of heat exchange, specifically use heat exchanger, the single treatment combustion gas after dedusting is down to 224-400 DEG C by the original temperature higher than 500 DEG C; 224 DEG C be gas booster to saturated vapor temperature during 2.5MPa, more than 224 DEG C, below gaseous-pressure 2.5MPa, combustion gas does not have aqueous water and generates, and then there is not the possibility that the dioxin that regenerates in this heat transfer process is discharged with aqueous water yet.
Step 103: after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine and generates electricity, wherein, the chamber temperature of heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C.
In step 103, the chamber temperature of heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C (specifically 1350-1800 DEG C of selection), and this temperature can make after-treatment combustion gas in the process of combustion power generation, and all organic substances are all converted into inorganic matter, and this conversion is irreversible.Therefore, allly after process, also may can be converted into inorganic matter by remaining micro-dioxin, and then achieve in garbage power process, the zero-emission of dioxin in previous step.
In order to the method making the house refuse of the above embodiment of the present invention generate electricity better is applied, more effectively obtain practical application, the present invention also provides embodiment two on the basis of above-described embodiment, namely embodiment two is further restriction and the increase of the method for the house refuse generating of above-described embodiment, is now described in detail and explains:
Embodiment two
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of method of house refuse generating comprises the following steps, and operating process roughly can with reference to figure 2:
S1: carry out gasification process be in the lump mixed with pulverized limestone in house refuse after, and the combustion gas obtained is detained 3 seconds at 900 DEG C; Obtain single treatment combustion gas;
Optionally, in the process of above-mentioned gasification process, in gasification process equipment, pass into the oxygen that purity is not less than 70% (being specially 92% in the present embodiment); Reason is as follows:
Due to air containing have an appointment 80% nitrogen, and nitrogen does not participate in any reaction of biomass gasification process, and after nitrogen enters gasification furnace, fuel gases calorific value will be diluted, desired 5500kcal/m
3will be diluted as and be less than 1600kcal/m
3, and this low-calorie combustion gas does not have use value, can not generate electricity and for resident and enterprise, more can not can not be processed as CNG.
For this reason, in order to improve the calorific value of combustion gas, in the present embodiment, preferably using the oxygen that purity is high, controlling nitrogen and entering gasification system.In industrialization process, for the project of disposal of refuse > 300t/d, separately joining a deep cooling station, is oxygen and nitrogen by air separation, gets its oxygen, and purity can reach 99.6%.For the project that scale is less, as the project of day disposal of refuse < 300t/d, can adopt molecular sieve oxygen generation station, be oxygen and nitrogen by air separation, gets its oxygen, oxygen purity 70-93%.
S2: single treatment combustion gas is carried out heat exchange process after dedusting at the temperature of 800 DEG C, its temperature is made to be down to 230 DEG C (when gas booster sends into heavy duty gas turbine to 2.8MPa, during 2.8MPa, saturated-steam temperature is 230 DEG C, time more than 230 DEG C, below 2.8MPa pressure, combustion gas is without aqueous water), obtain after-treatment combustion gas;
The detailed process of this operation and principle thereof with in embodiment one step 102 is consistent, therefore not to repeat here.
S3: after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine and generates electricity, and the waste gas of generation is used for adding hot-air;
Wherein, it is 1600 DEG C in the chamber temperature of heavy duty gas turbine.
Concrete, after-treatment combustion gas was inputted high temperature resistant gas holder, then after high temperature resistant compressor is by gas booster, pumps into heavy duty gas turbine generates electricity.
Due to heavy combustion engine chamber temperature > 1350 DEG C, after acting (thermal energy is mechanical energy) drives engine power generation, discharge the temperature of the waste gas of heavy combustion engine generally higher than 500 DEG C, in order to realize making full use of of heat energy, in the present embodiment, waste gas is sent into hot-air stove, and for adding hot-air.
In addition, in order to extend heavy combustion engine high-temperature duration, adopting and increasing heavy combustion engine combustion chamber flame drum height or dioxin is thoroughly decomposed high-temperature flue gas mode of rotational flow in combustion chamber flame drum.
S4: the air after heating being turned back in the heat exchange process in S2, lowering the temperature for making single treatment combustion gas;
By the preliminarily heated air of hot-air stove, send into air heat exchanger (i.e. heat exchange cooling), and when single treatment combustion gas is discharged from gasification furnace, temperature is about 730 DEG C, after high-temperature dust removal, temperature is reduced to less than about 705 DEG C, enters in the convection bank of air heat exchanger.Sent into by the preliminarily heated air of hot-air stove (its temperature is approximately less than 100 DEG C) outside the convection bank of air heat exchanger, after isolation heat exchange, be heated to about 260 DEG C from hot-air stove less than the air of 100 DEG C; Single treatment combustion gas is then reduced for about 330 DEG C, and send heavy combustion engine to go generating.
S5: the air after heat exchange is used for the house refuse of drying in S1.
By the air after heat exchange, rubbish drying oven is sent to go to dry rubbish; It should be noted that because plastics are 270 DEG C of dissolvings, therefore, the hot blast sending into rubbish drying oven must lower than 270 DEG C, otherwise dissolving plastic rubbish changes into agglomerate blocking dryer.
Through experimental verification, in the method for the embodiment of the present invention one and two, in the dust of its slag of discharging, removing and tail gas, all dioxin do not detected.Therefore, by the method for this house refuse generating provided by the invention, the zero-emission of what it was real achieve dioxin, in addition, utilizes this technology, gas heat utilization efficiency > 60%, 1t rubbish gas 100m processed
3, China 60% stalk and house refuse preparing natural gas 2,000 hundred million m can be made
3/ a, its alternative oil 200,000,000 t/a, be conducive to alleviating national energy strategy and threaten.Meanwhile, disposal of refuse chimney-free, dioxin, can avoid waste incineration resident to block up the Mass disturbances such as road.For town and country garbage disposal provides the new outlet of non-secondary pollution.
In addition, based on the method for the garbage power of above-described embodiment, present invention also offers the equipment realizing this electricity-generating method, please refer to embodiment three.
Embodiment three
The device of the method for above-mentioned house refuse that what the embodiment of the present invention provided realize generating specifically comprises:
Gasification furnace: for will the domestic garbage gasification of pulverized limestone be mixed with; High-temperature dust removal equipment: for dedusting is carried out in single treatment combustion gas; Heat exchanger: for carrying out heat exchange to the combustion gas after dedusting; Heavy duty gas turbine: for after-treatment combustion gas is generated electricity; Gasification furnace, high-temperature dust removal equipment, heat exchanger, heavy duty gas turbine connect successively; Hot-air stove: add hot-air for utilizing the waste gas of discharging heavy duty gas turbine; Pressure fan: for giving hot-air stove input air; Rubbish drying oven: for the air through heat exchanger is dried house refuse.In addition, for the combustion gas of after-treatment, first input high temperature resistant gas holder, recycle high temperature resistant compressor after regulating gas amount and pump into heavy duty gas turbine by after gas booster.
Above-mentioned device, according to the project implementation operating mode of reality, set rational position annexation, realize successively the gasification of house refuse, the high-temperature dust removal of single treatment combustion gas, heat exchange process, after-treatment combustion gas generating, produce hot blast and turn back to air in heat exchange process, after heat exchange and dry house refuse etc.Achieve the zero-emission of dioxin in power generation process on the one hand, also adequately and reasonably make use of the waste heat that whole process produces on the other hand.
In addition, for the slag of discharging from gasification furnace, its phosphorus content is about 24%.They are different from the phosphorus content of the slag that naked light burns; Naked light burning belongs to oxygen enrichment Thorough combustion, belongs to oxidizing atmosphere, in stove, C+O occurs
2=CO
2.Therefore, the phosphorus content of its slag is very little, is about 3-5%.But in the present invention, gasification furnace wants output combustion gas, there is C+CO
2=2CO; Belong to reduction reaction, need to carry out under reducing atmosphere, namely carry out under the atmosphere of anoxic.So there is no oxygen (O
2) react with carbon (C), carbon can only with carbon dioxide reaction.There is saturation degree problem in this reaction, namely contains CO in boiler slag carbon content 24%, combustion gas
2reach balance (no longer reacting) when being also 24%, the boiler slag carbon content of discharging from gasification furnace is 24%.Send hot-air stove to burn in this slag, the heat of generation is converted to hot blast and for drying rubbish, the ash content carbon about 1% after the burning of hot-air stove naked light; Owing to carrying out sorting in operating process before rubbish, host inorganic thing was broken off, and the ash content in remaining organic matter afterburnt is exactly plant ash, and main component is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc., as Fertilizer application, can further achieve making full use of of material.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for one way of life garbage power, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1), in house refuse, add the laggard row gasification process of pulverized limestone, and the combustion gas obtained is detained at least 2 seconds at higher than the temperature of 850 DEG C; Obtain single treatment combustion gas;
2), by described single treatment combustion gas carry out heat exchange process after dedusting at higher than the temperature of 500 DEG C, make its temperature be down to less than 500 DEG C, more than saturated-steam temperature, obtain after-treatment combustion gas;
3), described after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine to generate electricity;
Wherein, the chamber temperature of described heavy duty gas turbine is not less than 1350 DEG C.
2. the method for house refuse generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) in:
In the process of described gasification process, in gasification process equipment, pass into the oxygen that purity is not less than 70%.
3. the method for house refuse generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) in:
Temperature in the process of described gasification is arranged on 850-1100 DEG C.
4. the method for house refuse generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) in:
The time of described delay is 2-20 second.
5. the method for house refuse generating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2) in:
The temperature of described dedusting is 705-800 DEG C.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3) in:
The chamber temperature of described heavy duty gas turbine is 1350-1800 DEG C.
7. the method for the house refuse generating according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, in step 3) in, specifically comprise:
Described after-treatment combustion gas is inputed to heavy duty gas turbine generate electricity, and the waste gas of generation is used for adding hot-air;
By heating after air turn back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, lower the temperature for making described single treatment combustion gas.
8. the method for house refuse according to claim 7 generating, is characterized in that, the air after heating is being turned back to step 2) in heat exchange process in, after the step of lowering the temperature for making described single treatment combustion gas, also comprise:
Air after heat exchange is used for baking step 1) in house refuse.
9. realize a device for the method for house refuse according to claim 1 generating, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Gasification furnace: for will the domestic garbage gasification of pulverized limestone be mixed with;
High-temperature dust removal equipment: for dedusting is carried out in single treatment combustion gas;
Heat exchanger: for carrying out heat exchange to the combustion gas after dedusting;
Heavy duty gas turbine: for after-treatment combustion gas is generated electricity;
Described gasification furnace, high-temperature dust removal equipment, heat exchanger, heavy duty gas turbine connect successively.
10. device according to claim 9, is characterized in that, also comprises:
Hot-air stove: add hot-air for utilizing the waste gas of discharging described heavy duty gas turbine;
Pressure fan: for giving described hot-air stove input air;
Rubbish drying oven: for the air through heat exchanger is dried house refuse.
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| CN201410606561.6A CN104456571B (en) | 2014-11-02 | The method and device of house refuse generating |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410606561.6A CN104456571B (en) | 2014-11-02 | The method and device of house refuse generating |
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| CN104456571A true CN104456571A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104456571B CN104456571B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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