CN101696136B - Passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and using method thereof - Google Patents
Passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101696136B CN101696136B CN2009100446990A CN200910044699A CN101696136B CN 101696136 B CN101696136 B CN 101696136B CN 2009100446990 A CN2009100446990 A CN 2009100446990A CN 200910044699 A CN200910044699 A CN 200910044699A CN 101696136 B CN101696136 B CN 101696136B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and a using method thereof, in particular to a using method of a heavy metal passivating agent for reducing the bioavailability of the heavy metals in pig manure compost. Livestock waste such as fresh pig manure and the like are evenly mixed with crushed straw or other crop stalks in a weight ratio of 2-8:1, the water content is 60 to 65 percent, simple high-temperature composting is carried out, the temperature in the high-temperature composting is not higher than 70 DEG C, and a turning or forced ventilation mode is adopted; in the composting process, each 1,000kg of compost materials are added with 20 to 35kg of the heavy metal passivating agent; and in the compost afterabout 30 days of composting, the passivation effect on exchangeable As is over 70 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cd is over 85 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cr is over 90 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cu is over 90 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Pb is over 85 percent, and the passivation effect on exchangeable Zn is over 90 percent. The method obviously reduces the bioavailability of the heavy metals in the pig manure compost, has the advantages of simpleness and easy operation, and is suitable to be promoted and used in organic fertilizer factories and vast rural areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of using method that heavy metal deactivator reduces bioavailability of heavy metals in the livestock excrement composting of using, belong to the organic fertilizer treatment process.
Background technology
China's livestock and poultry breeding industry development is rapid, but feces of livestock and poultry harmless treatment hysteresis, feces of livestock and poultry has caused serious environmental pollution, and directly affects growth of animals or poultry and HUMAN HEALTH.In December, 2008 National Environmental section report publish data shows: at present, approximately 2,700,000,000 tons of the annual feces of livestock and poultry that produces in China rural area, by 2010, the quantity discharged of China's feces of livestock and poultry will reach 4,500,000,000 tons.On the other hand, feces of livestock and poultry is again the precious resources in the agriculture production, annual nitrogen, the phosphorus that produces of domestic livestock and poultry farm reaches respectively 1,597 ten thousand tons and 3,630,000 tons, be equivalent to 78.9% and 57.4% of China's fertilizer amount same period, strengthening feces of livestock and poultry harmless treatment and Fertilizer Transformed utilization is the important channel that feces of livestock and poultry is processed.
Domestic most enterprise generally adds the copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium of high dosage etc. and promotes the required micronutrient element of animal growth and development in feed, these animal and fowl fodders that are subjected to heavy metal contamination are through feeding livestock and poultry, a large amount of heavy metals are excreted by feces of livestock and poultry, the agricultural use of these feces of livestock and poultry can make heavy metal accumulate in soil and risk above volume weight of soils is arranged, and soil is caused severe contamination.How reducing the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the feces of livestock and poultry, after being applied to soil, reduce the absorbed dose of plant, is the key of feces of livestock and poultry Fertilizer Transformed.
Administer the main path of feces of livestock and poultry heavy metal contamination, the one, removal heavy metal from compost; The 2nd, heavy metal exists form that it is fixed in the compost by changing, and reduces its mobility and utilizability.Removal heavy metal mainly is the solubility in acid that utilizes heavy metal compound from compost, adds acid solution or complexing agent in Composting Process, and soluble heavy metal compound is transformed and drip washing is fallen to soluble conformation.Although that acidation treatment method is treatment effect is good, technology maturation, short method consuming time, but the consumption of acid is large, and need after the acid treatment to neutralize with a large amount of lime, cost is increased, and easily cause secondary pollution, and the complex compound that contains heavy metal after using the complexing agent such as EDTA to process is processed and also is one and makes us stubborn problem.And acidization is mainly used in the higher compost of the heavy metal content such as mud, is difficult to realize when the livestock excrement composting application.
At present, in Composting Process, add heavy metal deactivator, make its heavy metal from the higher form of activity to the lower form transformation of activity, more and more be subject to people's attention.The passivation effect of heavy metal in the single mineral pair Composting Process of research to the research emphasis of heavy metal deactivator at present.As the pig manure that adds 10% weathered coal processes, and than the water-soluble attitude content of its heavy metal element Zn, Cu, Cr and As before the compost, reduced respectively 6.17%, 6.40%, 4.17% and 1.83% behind the compost; Adding the Chicken Manure Compost of 10% weathered coal processes, behind the compost than having reduced respectively by 7.07%, 5.69%, 5.50% and 2.07% (Zhang Shuqing before the compost, Zhang Fudao, Liu Xiumei, Deng. During High-Temperature Composting is to the effect of Degradation of Antibiotics in the animal dung and heavy metal passivation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006,39 (2): 337～343).Utilize heavy metal deactivator that heavy metal in the Composting Process is fixed, the passivator wide material sources, Method And Principle is fairly simple, and is easy and simple to handle, but the screening of efficient heavy passivator is still needed further research and perfect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal deactivator, and process feces of livestock and poultry with this heavy metal deactivator, thereby bioavailability of heavy metals in the reduction livestock excrement composting,, objectionable impurities high to feces of livestock and poultry exchangeable species heavy metal passivation efficiency such as pig manures produces less, suitability is wide.
The present invention realizes by following manner:
(1) with mechanical crushing method the straw after drying or other agricultural crop straws are carried out pre-treatment, described mechanical crushing method adopts pulverizer to drying rear straw or other agricultural crop straws are pulverized, and the fineness degree of pulverizing was 4～7 mesh sieves, and was for subsequent use after processing;
(2) with the feces of livestock and poultry such as fresh pig dung with pulverize after agricultural crop straw evenly mix by weight 2～8: 1 ratio, make composting material, requiring moisture content in the composting material is 60%～65%; Also available by weight 2～4: 1
(3) add heavy metal deactivator, heavy metal deactivator mixes with composting material before compost begins.Add the ratio of 20～35kg heavy metal deactivator in every 1000kg composting material and add heavy metal deactivator, carry out common During High-Temperature Composting after mixing, the control temperature is no more than 70 ℃ in the compost.Adopt turning or force ventilated mode at temperature raising period and pliotherm period.30 days left and right sides compost maturities.Heavy metal changes the indissoluble attitude into by exchangeable species, can be used as Fertilizer application.In composting process, note waterproof.
Heavy metal deactivator comprises zeolite, flyash and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate;
The heavy metal deactivator proportioning: 8～15kg zeolite, 10～15kg flyash and 5～10kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, pulverize after in proportion raw material being mixed, cross 10～100 mesh sieves.
Adopt bar buttress formula compost, it highly is 0.7～1.3m that the composting material that is added with heavy metal deactivator is piled into, heap body width is the bar buttress shape of 1.2～2.0m, compost heat up and hot stage according to the processing of lowering the temperature of the situation of leavening temperature, can turning in per two days 1 time, especially in the pliotherm period, want at once turning or aeration-cooling when heap temperature surpasses 65 ℃, pliotherm period compost heap temperature can not be above 70 ℃.Excess Temperature is unfavorable for micro-ecological environment and microbial growth, per 5 days of temperature-fall period and after-ripening fertilizer conservation stage turning 1 time or not turning, and 30 days left and right sides compost maturities can directly be used.When compost, note anti-rainwater-proof shower, cause and run off or environmental pollution.The passivation effect of exchangeable species As is more than 70% in the compost, and the passivation effect of exchangeable species Cd and Pb is more than 85%, and the passivation effect of exchangeable species Cr, Cu and Zn is more than 90%.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, uses mechanical crushing method that straw or other agricultural crop straws are carried out pre-treatment, can reduce the cellulosic polymerization degree, thereby effectively solve the cellulose degradation hard problem; And, the interpolation of the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing can improve oxygen and moisture condition in the compost heap body, can accelerate compost maturity, the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing has stronger adsorptive power to the smelly metallic substance that produces in pig manure and the composting process thereof, reduces stink generation in the composting process.
2, heavy metal deactivator has extremely strong passivation ability to exchangeable species heavy metal in the pig manure, use heavy metal deactivator, the passivation effect of exchangeable species As is more than 70% in the pig manure, and the passivation effect of the heavy metals such as exchangeable species Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn is all more than 85%.
3, heavy metal deactivator can greatly reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the pig manure, has used the pig manure of heavy metal deactivator, and crop significantly reduces the absorbed dose of heavy metal in the compost.
4, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate can not only reduce heavy metal activity in the pig manure, and in composting process, the biological effectiveness of the phosphorus in the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate significantly improves, and has greatly improved the ability of pig manure supply phosphorus element nutrition.
Embodiment
Indefiniteness embodiment
Embodiment 1: heavy metal deactivator is on the impact of exchangeable species heavy metal passivation effect in the pig manure
With the feces of livestock and poultry such as fresh pig dung and the agricultural crop straw after pulverizing by weight 3: 1 ratio allotment, be that the ratio of adding 25kg heavy metal deactivator (11kg zeolite, 8kg flyash and 6kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate) in 63% the composting material is added heavy metal deactivator in every 1000kg water content.The composting material bottom surface radius of packing into is 0.4m, high in the plastic tank of 1.0m, and each plastic tank fermentation raw material is 100kg, composting 35d.Adopt common During High-Temperature Composting, aeration status adopts turning measure control, in heap body temperature raising period, every 2d turning of pliotherm period once, and not turning of cooldown period.If 3 times are repeated.Not add heavy metal deactivator as contrast.
By table (1) as can be known, add exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, the heavy metal content such as Pb, Zn in the heavy metal deactivator energy decrease pig manure, the heavy metal passivation effect is (heavy metal passivation effect=(heavy metal exchangeable species content behind heavy metal exchangeable species content before the heap-heap)/heavy metal exchangeable species content * 100% before piling) significantly.Behind the compost, exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn passivation effect are respectively 72.18%, 88.46%, 93.93%, 90.15%, 89.35%, 92.67% in the interpolation heavy metal deactivator pig manure; Exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn passivation effect are respectively 20.75%, 11.11%, 47.03%, 42.56%, 46.82%, 48.84% in the contrast pig manure.
Table 1 heavy metal deactivator is on the impact of exchangeable species heavy metal passivation effect in the pig manure
Embodiment 2: heavy metal deactivator is on the impact of bioavailability of heavy metals in the pig manure
Adopt pot experiment, supplying the examination vegetables is that the short pin in Xiang Tan is white, for pig manure, the compost that do not add heavy metal deactivator, urea (nitrogen content be 46%), fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate (phosphorus pentoxide content be 12%) and the Repone K (potassium oxide content be 60%) of examination fertilizer for the interpolation heavy metal deactivator.3 processing are established in test, contrast: the compost treatment of not adding heavy metal deactivator; Process two: the pig manure that adds heavy metal deactivator is processed; Process three: pure fertilizer is processed.Select 20cm * 35cm pottery pot alms bowl, the in-built wind desiceted soil 6kg that crosses the 1cm sieve, rate of fertilizer application is purity nitrogen 0.35g/kg; P
2O
50.10g/kg; K
2O 0.30g/kg according to required nutrient standard, satisfies the amount of application that nitrogen requirement calculates matured compost with the pig manure processing that nitrogen content is the highest, and other undertreatment nitrogens replenish with urea, and phosphate fertilizer replenishes with fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and potash fertilizer adopts Repone K to replenish.All fertilizer are all made base manure and are once applied.Every alms bowl is sown into 8～10 seeds, treats long final singling 2 strains when approximately 10cm is high of arriving, and gathers in the crops afterwards in 60 days.
By table (2) as can be known, compare with control treatment, the compost treatment of adding heavy metal deactivator can significantly reduce the content of heavy metal As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn in the Plantula Brassicae chinensis, illustrates that heavy metal deactivator can significantly reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the pig manure.Add heavy metal deactivator, the reduction effect of heavy metal As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn biological effectiveness in the pig manure (the reduction effect (%) of bioavailability of heavy metals=(contrast content-processing two content)/contrast content * 100%) is respectively 82.93%, 77.78%, 80.22%, 72.41%, 83.18%, 79.12%.Difference between heavy metal content and pure fertilizer are processed in the compost treatment Plantula Brassicae chinensis of interpolation heavy metal deactivator is not remarkable, processes but output is significantly higher than pure fertilizer.
Table 2 metal passivator is on the impact of bioavailability of heavy metals in the pig manure and yield of pakchoi
| Process | As (mg/kg) | Cd (mg/kg) | Cr (mg/kg) | Cu (mg/kg) | Pb (mg/kg) | Zn (mg/kg) | Output (g/ alms bowl) |
| Contrast | 0.41± 0.04Aa | 0.09± 0.01Aa | 0.91± 0.02Aa | 3.95± 0.02Aa | 1.07± 0.04Aa | 22.75± 1.03Aa | 478.38±3 7.39Aa |
| Process two | 0.07±0.0 1Bb | 0.02± 0.00Bb | 0.18± 0.02Bb | 1.09± 0.05Bb | 0.18± 0.03Bb | 4.75± 0.31Bb | 490.43±3 2.96Aa |
| Process three | 0.07± 0.01Bb | 0.02± 0.00Bb | 0.25± 0.02Bb | 1.19± 0.02Bb | 0.21± 0.03Bb | 5.04± 0.34Bb | 379.63±2 0.75Bb |
Annotate: minuscule represents P＜0.5 conspicuous level, large letter representation P＜0.01 conspicuous level
Claims (1)
1. using method that reduces the passivator of bioavailability of heavy metals in the livestock excrement composting, it is characterized in that: substantially formed by zeolite, flyash and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the ratio of each component of heavy metal deactivator is 8～15kg zeolite, 10～15kg flyash and 5～10kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, pulverize after in proportion raw material being mixed, cross 10～100 mesh sieves; After feces of livestock and poultry and straw or other agricultural crop straws carry out pre-treatment, feces of livestock and poultry evenly mixes by weight 2～8: 1 ratio with the rear straw of pulverizing or other agricultural crop straws, composting material water content 60%～65%, add a certain proportion of heavy metal deactivator and stir, adding proportion is that every 1000kg water content is to add 20～35kg in 60%～65% the composting material; Adopt bar buttress formula compost, it highly is 0.7～1.3 m that the composting material that is added with heavy metal deactivator is piled into, heap body width is the bar buttress shape of 1.2～2.0 m, compost heat up and hot stage according to the processing of lowering the temperature of the situation of leavening temperature, turning was 1 time in per two days, especially in the pliotherm period, when surpassing 65 ℃, wants heap temperature at once turning or aeration-cooling, pliotherm period compost heap temperature can not be above 70 ℃, excess Temperature is unfavorable for micro-ecological environment and microbial growth, per 5 days of temperature-fall period and after-ripening fertilizer conservation stage turning 1 time or not turning, 30 days compost maturities can directly be used.
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